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Extreme Natural Phenomena RIKEN Hakubi Research Team (Enoto Laboratory)

RIKEN [Last modified 2020-09-05] English version


Japanese version

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Recent Achievements

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Team Abstract

Extreme natural phenomena have provided unexplored frontier of our science. Utilizing astronomical radiation measurement techniques, we are trying to solve mysteries of high energy radiations from lightning and thunderstorms. Our newly deployed multi-point observation network is monitoring winter lightning and thunderstorms in the coastal area along the Sea of Japan. Our guiding principle is “collective power of science”, which means a scientific methodology using multiple detector network instead of a single huge detector. This word also implies scientific collaboration not only with researchers but also with citizen supporters. We will apply this idea to making a CubeSat fleet for scalable X-ray astronomical observations.

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Access

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Team Members

  • ENOTO Teruaki(RIKEN Hakubi Team Leader, Room 604)
  • KATO Yo (Researcher, 2020/04-, Room 608)
  • WADA Yuuki (Special Postdoctoral Researcher, 2020/04-, Room 606)
  • KIMURA Mariko (Special Postdoctoral Researcher, 2020/04-, Room 604)
  • DINIZ Gabriel Sousa (Postdoctoral Researcher, 2020/04-, remote work from Brazil)
  • NUMAZAWA Masaki (Postdoctoral Researcher, 2020/04-, Room 608)
  • HU Chin-Ping (Visiting Scientist, 2020/04-)
  • FUKAYA Kaori (Assistant, Room 606)

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New Member Campaign

Our group is pleased to host the following research fellows. If you are interested, please contact us at teruaki.enoto [at] riken.jp.

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Research Projects

Our research team is working on the "Thundercloud Project" to elucidate high-energy phenomena in thunderclouds and lightning, the "NinjaSat" CubeSat X-ray observatory, a project to search for water resources on the Moon using neutrons produced by cosmic rays, and observational studies of neutron stars and magnetars using cosmic X-rays. We are also promoting these projects within the framework of open science.

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Thundercloud Project

The familiar phenomenon of lightning has led to the detection of unexpected gamma rays. This is not only a new key to solving the mystery of lightning triggers, but also gives us a new perspective on physical phenomena occurring in the strong electric field of the universe if we can scope lightning, which may also occur on Mars, Jupiter, and the protoplanetary disks. We discovered photonuclear reactions in lightning, by observing thunderclouds along the coast of the Sea of Japan, which is one of the most powerful lightning clouds in the world, and by making sensitive observations of radiation from winter thunderstorms. Interstingly, lightning causes nuclear reactions. We are trying to elucidate various high-energy atmospheric phenomena occurring in thunderclouds by recapturing lightning through a multipoint radiation observation network that incorporates the perspective of citizen science. We will create a new academic field of "high-energy atmospheric physics of lightning discharges and thunderclouds," which is now experiencing a paradigm shift.

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雷放電で発生する光核反応の模式図

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The 6U-CubeSat X-ray Observatory NinjaSat

Science projects in all fields are growing in size. The mindset that underlies our RIKEN Hakubi research team is "Collective Power of Science". Rather than building a single super-dreadnought battleship, the idea is to operate a number of simple high-performance instruments to perform scientific observations that cannot be performed by a single giant instrument. We'd like to extend this concept to space. A large space telescope is required to achieve high sensitivity, and we will take advantage of recent technological advances to develop a system that will enable us to perform space X-ray observations with a 6U CubeSat. By spinning off the telescope, detector technology and other components of the Neutron star Interior Composition ExploreR (NICER) large-area X-ray telescope, which was installed on the International Space Station in 2017, a simple small X-ray telescope can be realized and operated as a fleet of satellites. The goal is to reduce the observation gap and to create an observation regime capable of handling a wide range of object intensities. This project is complementary to the large satellites, and is intended for both education and research, and the NinjaSat project, which is currently under preparation, is scheduled for launch in 2021-2022.


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中性子による月水資源の探査

我々が発見した雷での光核反応では中性子が大気中に放出されることが明らかになりました。その検出を目指して、ガンマ線と中性子のパルス波形を弁別可能な新型の中性子モニタの開発を進めています。中性子は水分で散乱されやすい性質を利用すると、この中性子モニタは非接触の水分検出器としても使うことができます。そのため、雷の基礎物理的な研究だけではなく、腐食した配管に貯まる水分の検出に使うなど、今後のインフラの劣化が予想される日本での工的応用も視野に入れて、民間企業・工学研究者との打ち合わせを行っていきます。また、月面探査者(ローバー)に搭載すれば、月面の水資源探査にも活用できると予想され、惑星科学者とのコラボレーションも立ち上げています。


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宇宙X線によるマグネターの観測的研究

これまでX線天文学で研究してきた、中性子星やその中でも最も磁場の強い天体「マグネター」で起きている強重力、高密度、強磁場、高速回転、強輻射場などの極限物理の現象の解明に、多波長観測や、新しい解析手法のアプローチを駆使して挑戦します。NICER が日々モニターしているブラックホールや中性子星のデータ解析はもちろんのこと、電波望遠鏡を使ったパルサー観測なども併用して、マグネター進化の解明や、宇宙論的な距離で起きる謎の電波バースト Fast Radio Burst (FRB)の解明、あるいは近傍の恒星フレアが系外惑星に与える影響をお隣さんの恒星系プロキシマ・ケンタウリの高エネルギーモニター観測などを通して挑戦するなども行います。また、超小型衛星では全天で最も明るいX線星「さそり座X-1」をモニターし、その準周期振動の観測から自転周期を長期推定することで、将来に重力波干渉計で期待されている定常重力波の発見に貢献します。

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オープンサイエンス: 新しい科学の形

単に科学研究の成果を誰もがアクセスできるようにするという狭義の「オープンサイエンス」を超えて、誰もが科学研究に参加できるという広義の「オープンサイエンス」のあり方も模索しています。前職の京都大学では、友人たちと2016年に京都オープンサイエンス勉強会というのを立ち上げ、月に1回のKYOTO オープンサイエンス・ミートアップというイベントを開催してきました。2020年に東京での開催もめざし、今は「オープンサイエンス・ミートアップ」という名前で活動しています。

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研究成果

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プレスリリース

理研白眉チーム前の成果も含みます。

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研究活動

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論文

  • 本チームの期間中 (2020年1月以降) に出版された、メンバーが共著の論文リスト
    • 全論文 10本、メンバーが主著の論文 2本、雷雲プロジェクト 3本

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知の共有ゼミ

理研・玉川高エネルギー宇宙物理研究室と合同で、毎月「知の共有ゼミ」を開催しています。2020年4月以降、新型コロナウイルスの影響で zoom 開催しています。

  • 2020-10-08 (木) 14:00-15:00
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    倉原直美さん (インフォステラ社 CEO) 「未定」@Zoom
  • 2020-09-15 (火) 11:00-12:00
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    長岡央さん(ISAS/JAXA) 「月の科学と探査」@Zoom
  • 2020-08-20 (木) 14:00-15:30
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    中平聡志さん(ISAS/JAXA)「MAXI 搭載放射線モニターによる荷電粒子の研究」@Zoom
  • 2020-07-29 (水) 9:30-10:30
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    加藤陽さん(理化学研究所) "Neutrino Detectors ~from big science to application use~" @ Zoom
  • 2020-06-25 (木) 15:00-16:30
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    米田浩基さん(理化学研究所) "Mystery of the strong MeV gamma-ray emission from gamma-ray binary systems magnetic reconnection close to magnetars in binaries?–"" @ Zoom
  • 2020-05-12 (火) 9:30-10:30
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    Gabriel Sousa Dinizさん(理化学研究所) "High Energy Atmospheric Phenomena analysis" @ Zoom
  • 2020-04-16 (木) 13:30-14:30
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    川中宣太さん (京都大学) 「ブラックホール降着円盤からのX線放射に関する話題 〜見せてもらおうか、理論家の力とやらを!〜」@ Zoom
  • 2020-03-30 (月) 13:30-14:30
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    鳥澤勇介さん (京都大学)「生体模倣チップの開発と宇宙への展開 」@ 研究本館435号室 & Zoom
  • 2020-01-28(火) 13:30-14:30
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    谷津陽一さん (東工大)「超小型衛星による宇宙開発の実態 –成功と挫折の軌跡–」@ RIBF棟203号室
tags: RIKEN website EnotoLab