:::success Intro: Give new member a direction to learn. Goal: [ ] To list the steps for new members to learn :::

5G Milestone Checklist 5G Technology RAN & O-RAN

Mentor's Hackmds Winnie's new member learning roadmap Nino's Master topic Notes-Hub Amrita's Study Notes Bintang's Study Notes Rayhan's Study Notes Aldrian's Study Notes

Radio Access Network Radio Access Network (RAN) is a network that connects mobile end-user devices. It works by sending information via radio waves from the end device to RAN's transceivers (BTS), and from the transceivers to the core network, which connects to the internet Open Radio Access Network O-RAN (Open Radio Access Network) is a standard for building mobile communication networks that is designed to enable a more open and interoperable ecosystem for radio access networks (RANs). It aims to provide a framework for designing and implementing RANs using open and standardized interfaces, protocols, and hardware, which can facilitate vendor interoperability, reduce costs, and promote innovation. O-RAN also promotes the use of virtualization and cloud technologies to increase network flexibility and agility. The O-RAN Alliance, a group of over 250 member companies, is responsible for developing and promoting the O-RAN standard. Difference Between RAN and O-RAN RAN (Radio Access Network) and O-RAN (Open Radio Access Network) are related concepts, but there are some key differences between them: :::success

1. Radio Access Network Radio Access Network (RAN) is a network that connects mobile end-user devices. It works by sending information via radio waves from the end device to RAN's transceivers (BTS), and from the transceivers to the core network, which connects to the internet 2. Open Radio Access Network O-RAN (Open Radio Access Network) is a standard for building mobile communication networks that is designed to enable a more open and interoperable ecosystem for radio access networks (RANs). It aims to provide a framework for designing and implementing RANs using open and standardized interfaces, protocols, and hardware, which can facilitate vendor interoperability, reduce costs, and promote innovation. O-RAN also promotes the use of virtualization and cloud technologies to increase network flexibility and agility. The O-RAN Alliance, a group of over 250 member companies, is responsible for developing and promoting the O-RAN standard. Difference Between RAN and O-RAN RAN (Radio Access Network) and O-RAN (Open Radio Access Network) are related concepts, but there are some key differences between them: :::success

::: success Introduction 5G is the 5th generation mobile network. It is a new global wireless standard after 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G networks. 5G enables a new kind of network that is designed to connect virtually everyone and everything together including machines, objects, and devices. 5G wireless technology is meant to deliver higher multi-Gbps peak data speeds, ultra low latency, more reliability, massive network capacity, increased availability, and a more uniform user experience to more users. Higher performance and improved efficiency empower new user experiences and connects new industries. ::: image Characteristic

Definisi :::info Merupakan teknologi pencatatan proses transaksi dan pelacakan aset fisik atau non-fisik yang shared dan immutable ledger. Aset yang dimiliki ini tercata secara virtual dan bisa dilacak, ditukar, dan diperjual-belikan dalam jaringan blockchain. ::: Key Elements Distributed Ledger Technology Yang dimaksud disini adalah semua pengguna yang memiliki akses ke dalam jaringan blockchain akan memiliki informasi yang sama dan tidak bisa dimodifikasi. Informasi yang sama ini membuat tidak akan ada duplikasi data dan manipulasi data. Selain itu, jika transaksi aset/informasi dilakukan, karena semua informasi di setiap pengguna sama, maka transaksi akan lebih cepat dan perubahan juga akan diketahui keseluruhan pengguna jaringan. Immutable Records Rekam/data yang tidak dapat diubah atau dimanipulasi. Jika sebuah transaksi mengalami error, maka akan dilakukan transaksi lanjutan untuk mereverse atau rollback transaksi tersebut.

tags: bubbleran <center>Installation Setup</center> Writter: - Ian Joseph Chandra (2023/04/01 - 2023/04/27) - Bintang Marsyuma R (2023/06/25 - 2023/06/18) Set a static IP address for the server's MAC address in the routerNotesThe BubbleRAN installation process requires internet to ++download its image++. Suggested to set a static IP address for the server's MAC address on the router. Example:Router Setting (ex: 192.168.8.45):

＠NTUST, Taiwan Email: crg@gapps.ntust.edu.tw Reference: SA setup with COTS UE SA: OAI DU & CU Introduction Virtual Machine Spesification

Goals ::: success [x] Debugging and Documenting BubbleRAN Example Lab ::: Report Currently waiting for BubbleRAN engineer to answer to some of the problems. Also planning for creating CU that connect to DU from other device. Furtherplan Debug the terminal so that the example labs can run OK

Goals ::: success [x] Debugging and Documenting BubbleRAN Example Lab [x] Revising Ian’s current documentation ::: Report Currently waiting for BubbleRAN engineer to answer to some of the problems Furtherplan

Topologi Logical :::spoiler Physical ::: Addressing Table Command

OpenAirInterface :::success OpenAirInterface (OAI) is an open-source software-defined radio (SDR) platform that enables researchers, developers, and engineers to design, prototype, and test wireless communication systems. It provides a complete end-to-end solution for wireless communication systems, including both the physical layer (PHY) and the higher-layer protocol stack. The OAI architecture is modular and flexible, allowing users to customize and extend it for their specific needs. The OAI project aims to provide a platform for research and innovation in the field of wireless communication systems. It is designed to be easy to use, with a simple interface and documentation, allowing users to get up and running quickly. OAI supports a wide range of wireless technologies, including 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G. ::: CU & OAI-CU What is CU :::info

What is DU :::info A Distributed Unit is the main processing unit that's responsible for High Physical, MAC, and RLC Layers/Protocols :::

Background Kubernetes (also known as K8s) is an open-source container orchestration system that automates the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. It was originally developed by Google, and is now maintained by the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF). Kubernetes provides a platform to deploy and manage containerized applications across a cluster of nodes. A node is a physical or virtual machine that runs one or more containers. Containers are a lightweight and portable way to package software applications along with their dependencies. Kubernetes uses a declarative approach to describe the desired state of the application and the infrastructure on which it runs. The Kubernetes control plane then automatically manages the deployment and scaling of the application to ensure that the actual state matches the desired state. Key Components Kubernetes has several key components:

Logging :::info Logging adalah proses pengambilan informasi tentang kejadian dan aktivitas dalam jaringan seperti error, perubahan konfigurasi, system events, security, dll. Log ini bisa disimpan secara lokal atau menggunakan server. ::: Network Virtualization :::info Network virtualization adalah teknologi yang digunakan untuk menggabungkan sumber daya jaringan fisik dan membuat jaringan virtual berbasis software. Dalam network virtualization, beberapa jaringan tradisional dapat digabungkan menjadi satu jaringan virtual yang lebih efisien dan aman. Admin jaringan dapat mengakses server secara remote tanpa mengonfigurasi ulang jaringan dan melalui berbagai virtual machine yang berbeda. Tujuan dari network virtualization adalah untuk meningkatkan kecepatan, keamanan, fleksibilitas, skalabilitas, dan efisiensi jaringan. Beberapa kelebihan network virtualization antara lain mempermudah konfigurasi jaringan, pemakaian sumber daya yang lebih efisien, keamanan yang lebih terjamin, dan selalu tersedia kapanpun. :::

Modul 2 Jenis Kabel untuk Wired ConnectionUnshielded Twisted Pair Cable (UTP) Kabel UTP adalah kabel yang digunakan untuk transmisi data. Terdiri dari 4 kabel berwarna biru, oranye, hijau, dan coklat. Kabel ini biasa disebut sebagai kabel LAN. Di ujung kabel ini terdapat konektor yang disebut RJ-45(Register Jack 45). Kabel ini memiliki beberapa kategori dari 1 hingga 7 berdasarkan frekuensinya, tetapi yang umum digunakan sebagai LAN hanya kategori 5 dan 6. Shielded Twisted Pair Cable (STP) Fungsinya sama seperti UTP, tetapi kabel ini memiliki lapisan pelindung yang mengurangi gangguan interferensi saat transmisi data. Coaxial Cable Kabel Coaxial merupakan kabel yang digunakan untuk transfer data. Kabel ini terdiri dari dua lapis tembaga. Pada lapisan terdalam, terdapat kabel tembaga yang menjadi sarana transfer data. Kemudian di antara lapisan dalam dan luar terdapat pembatas plastik. Lalu, di lapisan terluar terdapat serat tembaga yang bergunak untuk mencegah berbagai gangguan dan interferensi. Fiber Optic Cable Kabel serat optic merupakan kabel yang mampu mentransmisikan sinyal dengan jangkauan yang luas dan juga durasi transmisi yang lebih cepat. Kabel ini berintikan kabel kaca atau kabel bening guna mengalirkan pulse cahaya sinyal. Kemudian kabel tersebut dilapisi berbagai bahan yang melindungi transmisi dari gangguan. Kabel ini juga lebih ringan jika dibandingkan dengan kabel tembaga.

Cyberattack Definisi Cyberattack adalah percobaan mengangganggu atau membahayakan suatu individu atau organisasi dengan cara menerobos sistem informasi jaringan. Tipe Cyberattack Malware Malware adalah istilah untuk menjelaskan software yang berbahasa seperti Spyware, Ransomware, Virus, dan Worm. Software biasanya masuk lewat email atau link berbahaya yang membuat orang mengunduh software berbahaya :::info Hal-hal yang dapat dilakukan malware:Memblokir akses ke jaringan atau fungsi tertentu Mengunduh malware lain yang lebih berbahaya

1. O-RU (O-RAN Radio Unit) The O-RAN Radio Unit (O-RU) is a component of the Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture that is responsible for transmitting and receiving radio signals to and from mobile devices. It is designed to be modular, interoperable, and flexible, allowing it to be deployed in various configurations depending on the use case. The O-RU consists of the Radio Frequency (RF) Front End (FE) and the Digital Front End (DFE), which work together to provide high-performance signal processing. The O-RU supports a variety of features that improve performance and efficiency, such as Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) and beamforming. The use of MIMO allows the O-RU to transmit and receive signals from multiple antennas simultaneously, while beamforming directs the signal towards the mobile device for better reception. The O-RU is connected to the O-RAN Distributed Unit (O-DU) through the Open Fronthaul Interface (OFI), which enables digitized RF signals to be transported. The O-RU's interoperability with other O-RAN components allows it to be used with different vendors' products, providing greater flexibility, innovation, and competition. 2. O-CU (O-RAN Central Unit)

＠NTUST, Taiwan Contact us <center>Root Page </center> Name: Bintang Marsyuma Rakhasunu E-mail: bintangmarsyuma.school@gmail.com HackMD: Marsyuma Target Topic: Beyond 5G/6G Week 0: 2023 O-RAN Workshop