Literature on Time-Bounded Events
===

This is a working document motivated by [Hacking and Making at Time-Bounded Events: Current Trends and Next Steps in Research and Event Design](http://hackathon-workshop-2018.com/) [hackathon-workshop-2018]. Questions from this workshop that motivated our reading include:
- How do event **goals vary** across contexts and designs? How do we **measure success** in achieving these goals? How do we support more long-term outcomes, such as building a long-term community by **fostering engagement**?
- How do we design tools, processes, and workflows that support organizers and community managers, such as **instruments** to evaluate outcomes and assess **community needs**?
- How are computer-mediated communication and collaborative **tools** used in **augmenting** time-bounded collaborative events?
- What collaboration **structures** support different **event designs** and outcomes?
- What **opportunities** and challenges do these tools introduce?
- How do we preserve group and work **artefacts** when we move from virtual to face-to-face spaces and vice versa?

We hope that the [reading resources](#literature) listed below could be of value to people who both attend and organize hackathons, and are interested in learning more about the different styles and frameworks of such events.

<span style="background:yellow">**Join our discussion at DINAcon 2018!** [In pursuit of fair co-creation](https://dinacon.ch/sessions/2018/in-pursuit-of-fair-co-creation/) will be a workshop facilitated by Gonzalo Casas, Oleg Lavrovsky & Reto Wick based on some of this material on October 19 in Bern. See: [workshop outline and notes](https://hackmd.io/s/HJzVtAEjQ)</span>

Please contact our interest group for more information, [edit](https://hackmd.io/c1WyqsUwTdyqyCL7MtmGjQ?both#Literature-on-Time-Bounded-Events) this document if you have something to add, visit [this forum thread](https://forum.schoolofdata.ch/t/19-10-dinacon-hacknight-2018/438?u=oleg) or our community [chat channel](https://team.opendata.ch/dinacon/channels/fair-co-creation) ([invite link](https://team.opendata.ch/signup_user_complete/?id=itniqb33kfrdj8i8phqxh5ence)), or write to *info* @ schoolofdata.ch - to join the discussion. The following people have contributed to this list so far:

- Gonzalo Casas / [researchgate](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gonzalo_Casas2/interest)
- Maryam Chaib / [researchgate](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maryam_Chaib_De_Mares)
- Nada Endrissat / [researchgate](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nada_Endrissat)
- Oleg Lavrovsky / [researchgate](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Oleg_Lavrovsky) / [blog](https://blog.datalets.ch/author/oleg/)
- Luc Henry / [epfl](https://people.epfl.ch/luc.henry/bio?lang=en&cvlang=en) / [theconversation](https://theconversation.com/profiles/luc-henry-96869)
- Reto Wick / [dinacon](https://dinacon.ch/speakers/reto-wick/)

# Literature

*Articles that paint the landscape and promote current research on the topic. Additional resources, news items or blog posts of interest, how-to's and handbooks for hackathon organizers, in rough chronological order, divided between generally [neutral or critical](#criticism), and generally [positive](#praise) viewpoints, as well as past or future [events](#events) that are especially relevant to this discussion. Please mark ($) any articles which are not available under Open Access.*

## Criticism

[Hackathons as Co-optation Ritual: Socializing Workers and Institutionalizing Innovation in the “New” Economy](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ropr.12074), Sharon Zukin et al. (2017) - [Wired](https://www.wired.com/story/sociologists-examine-hackathons-and-see-exploitation/)

[From Hackathon to Production](https://medcitynews.com/2017/10/75k-voice-activated-tech-contest-run-hitlab-novo-nordisk-transparent-enough/) Tai Klein (2017)

[Intransparent hackathons](https://medcitynews.com/2017/10/75k-voice-activated-tech-contest-run-hitlab-novo-nordisk-transparent-enough/) MedCityNews (2017)

[This is Hackathon Harassment](https://code.likeagirl.io/this-is-hackathon-harassment-6d4fdfd8cbdf) Kimberly K. (2017)

[Hack for good: Speculative labour, app development and the
burden of austerity](http://twentyfive.fibreculturejournal.org/fcj-186-hack-for-good-speculative-labour-app-development-and-the-burden-of-austerity/) Gregg, M. (2015)

[Hackathons and the making of entrepreneurial citizenship](https://escholarship.org/uc/item/33q5t84v) Irani, L. (2015)

[Pitfalls of “Cooptation”](http://participationanditsdiscontents.tumblr.com/post/77071378901/pitfalls-of-cooptation) Pablo Lapegna (2014)

[Civic Hackathons: Innovation, Procurement, or Civic Engagement?](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ropr.12074) Peter Johnson, Pamela Robinson (2014)

[Coding freedom: The ethics and aesthetics of hacking](https://press.princeton.edu/titles/9883.html) Coleman, E. G. (2013)

## Praise

[Inclusive Making and Hacking](https://handbook.floeproject.org/InclusiveMakingAndHacking.html) (2018, [GitHub](https://github.com/fluid-project/docs-inclusive-learning))
- An open education resource which focuses on the design aspects of making hackathons an excellent experience for a diverse participant base.

[When Do Workshops Work?](https://software-carpentry.org/blog/2017/12/response-null-effects.html) (2017)
- A thoughtful piece, from people we respect, which could lead to a collaboration.

[How to run a hackathon](https://hackathon.guide/) Joshua Tauberer (2017)
- Similar to the open data HOWTO guide, this one in particular was very helpful during the organization of [MakeZurich 2017](https://makezurich.ch).
- [How to Run a Hackathon](https://socrata.com/open-data-field-guide/how-to-run-a-hackathon/) (2015) is a similar reference from the Open Data Field Guide by Socrata

($) [Characterizing hacking: Mundane engagement in US hacker and
makerspaces](http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0162243917703464?journalCode=sthd) Davies, S. R. (2018)
- Interesting survey of the "maker movement" across America, in particular the motivation of hackers and makers, and the emergence of counterculture.

[The Sociology of Hackathons](https://hackernoon.com/the-sociology-of-hackathons-a4f66c67a2b8) (2016)
- "Hackathons are also a creative outlet for members of the field: a spiritual way to transcend the work that they produce in school or work."

[Urban Hackathon - Alternative Information Based and Participatory Approach to Urban Development](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187770581633017X) Pogačara, Žižek (2016)
- A paper on a type of an interesting kind of hackathon, a theme we had experience while supporting the [Urban Data Challenge](https://www.wired.com/2013/02/urban-data-challenge-zurich-san-francisco-geneva/).

[Make the most of hackathon season](https://forum.schoolofdata.ch/t/make-the-most-of-hackathon-season/167) (2016)
- A short, fun guide from the Swiss hackathon community.

MIT [Health Hackathon Handbook](http://hackingmedicine.mit.edu/healthcare-hackathon-handbook/) (2016)
- Focusing on health hackathons, this is a detailed, nicely put together, CC-licensed guide.
- The [MedTech Boston Guide](https://medtechboston.medstro.com/blog/2015/03/30/the-boston-healthcare-hackathon-guide/) (2014) and the [Healthcare Hackathons](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4899493/) Silver et al (2016) paper have similar focus.

[Open4Citizens](http://open4citizens.eu/dissemination/publications/) (2015)
- This is a Horizon 2020 project which produced several guidelines related to running hackathons, including an [organizer's handbook](http://open4citizens.eu/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/O4C_D3.1_29.06.2016_Final.pdf).

[Open Data Hackathon How to Guide](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1fBuisDTIiBAz9u2tr7sgv6GdDLOV_aHbafjqHXSkNB0/edit#) (2012)
- Started updating this in [version 2.0](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1akIT1ik2NxhBEoYzkta7jthYLzJF8XZBNxJquDPEY_4/edit#)

[Civic Apps Competition Handbook](http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920024484.do) O'Reilly (2012)
- Though getting out of date, it mentions hackathons and how government can support them.
- Similar to it is the [Routledge Handbook on Information Technology in Government](https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Handbook-on-Information-Technology-in-Government/Chen-Ahn/p/book/9781138925670) (2017)

#### Date uncertain:

[Hackathon How-To Guide for Government Agencies](http://www.nyc.gov/html/hackathon/html/index.html) from NYC.gov
- An excellent overview of what's involved, clearly with a lot of design thinking involved.

[Hack Code of Conduct](https://hackcodeofconduct.org/)
- Inspired by the popular [Conference](http://confcodeofconduct.com/) equivalent, it is something we always believed, but needed to have on paper.

[GovHack Handbook](https://www.govhack.org/handbook/)
- Oriented mostly at participants, but worthwhile reading for organizers as well. See also [general info](https://www.govhack.org/competition/info/) and [get involved](https://www.govhack.org/get-involved/).

[MediaWiki Hackathons Handbook](https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Hackathons/Handbook)
- Representative of some of the approaches and guidelines of the open source community.

## Events

[In pursuit of Fair Co-Creation](https://dinacon.ch/sessions/2018/in-pursuit-of-fair-co-creation/)
- Workshop at DINAcon 2018, as mentioned above.

[Hacking and Making at Time-Bounded Events: Current Trends and Next Steps in Research and Event Design](http://hackathon-workshop-2018.com/)
- Part of a conference series that motivated the document you are looking at.

[Science Paper Hackathon](https://www.software.ac.uk/first-2020science-paper-hackathon)
- Interesting event in itself, with some leads to further research.

[Hack for Ageing Well](https://blog.datalets.ch/022/)
- An event we organised for a [European project](http://www.aal-europe.eu/about/), which had an interesting context and required extra oversight, like production of [this report](https://web.tresorit.com/l#mipUc_HlNqji4_t3Y1ZSjg).

[Law Mining Hackathon at OKCon](http://blog.utou.ch/2013/law-mining-hackathon-at-okcon/)
- The source of the trilingual [Guidelines](http://make.opendata.ch/wiki/information:rules) of make.opendata.ch, with ties to the recent [Swiss LegalTech event](http://swisslegal.tech/). See also our [workshop proposal](http://blog.utou.ch/2013/okconroundtable/).

[When blockchains, AI and Open Food Data come together](https://ch.okfn.org/2018/02/05/when-blockchains-ai-and-open-food-data-come-together/)
- Updates from the latest Swiss hackathons, links to the Open Knowledge community.