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# 跨平台匿名互联网社区架构 版本号 v1.5 ## 一、介绍 本文是一个跨平台的匿名互联网社区的倡议和攻略。目前在草案中,请求大家[置评](https://2049bbs.xyz/t/1715) (RFC = Request for Comments 请求置评)和共同编辑(见文末[参考链接](#相关链接))。玩匿名社区的前提是当学会安全上网,即掌握[基本的摆脱监控和审查的技巧和常识](https://civicforum.github.io/online_security.html)。 ### 传统平台的弊端 在全方位审查与监控的年代,传统互联网平台如微信、微博、facebook、twitter严重不适合大家了解和议论时事,具体弊端如下: 1. 你的信息获取跟互动(包括点赞、浏览等)行为被单个平台完全记录,平台很容易分析出你的偏好、特点、活动规律,这些特点被广告商、营销号、官方宣传机构、网络水军利用操纵你、诱导你、预测你,非常危险⚠️。 2. 这类平台广告商、营销号太多,因为平台盈利模式让平台站在广告商一方,所以注定信噪比非常低。 3. 这类平台基本都实现了实名制或者变相实名制(如跟手机挂钩),无法从Tor网络访问,无法做到技术上的真隐身真匿名。 ## 二、跨平台匿名社区架构 匿名互联网社区的信息流如图1所示,它包含高度私人化的 **_信息获取环节_** 和一个跨平台的 **_社区互动环节_** 。 ![匿名社区模式](https://i.imgur.com/HBiGLVa.png) 图1. 匿名社区架构,如果你充分看懂这张图请直接跳转到[如何参与](#三、如何参与)(源文件 [https://ufile.io/pm7st4y3](https://ufile.io/pm7st4y3) 编辑工具 [https://www.draw.io/](https://www.draw.io/) ) 其中信息获取环节的订阅内容只有你一个人知道,而且跟互动平台脱钩,这样信息污染者无法知道你的主要信息来源,从而避免被舆论诱导。避免依赖品葱、微信、贴吧等单一信息获取和交互平台导致易被各种宣传机构、审查或者低水平用户误导。 互动环节横跨多个平台,每个都有各自的优缺点。例如博客blog可以长篇大论,问答网站针对性很强,论坛能深入交流互动性很强,HackerNews能筛选出高质量信息,此外协作网站如[HackMD](https://hackmd.io/)和[Github](https://github.com)能够团队合作产生有影响力的项目。将互动环节分散到不同的平台,一方面能有效隐藏个人的数字踪迹,另一方面能发挥不同平台的长处丰富交互方式跟效果。 ### 信息获取环节 如果将社区看作一座冰山,信息获取环节是水面以下的部分。信息获取至关重要,你可以不跟任何人互动,但你一定要有信息获取渠道。因此,保证信息获取渠道不被污染、操控是保持你个人独立和自由的重中之重。 特此说明,为保持简洁图1中只画出了一个人的信息获取环节,而每个人都应拥有为自己量身打造的信息获取渠道。图中的是推荐基本配置,每个人的信息渠道千差万别,无法一一列举。越厉害的人越是拥有独特的信息获取渠道。常见的线上信息来源包括世界主流新闻媒体、聚合版Hacker News, Slashdot、还有专业的图书馆数据库等。部分程序员或组织甚至开发了网络爬虫自动抓取和筛选各种平台的内容。可是,一个个查看这么多的信息来源很麻烦,因此一般人便依赖于单个平台,例如微信、Facebook等,成为信息污染受害者。 那怎样才能方便的浏览多个信息渠道,进而保证自己信息来源的多样性和权威性呢?答案就是RSS阅读器。[RSS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSS)是一个非常强大的聚合工具,方便用单点跟统一的格式阅读不同平台的内容,用户自己选择订阅内容。RSS对于部分老网民来说非常熟悉,大约10年前Google Reader曾经带动一阵风潮,但是随着GR的淡出,中文社区的新生代似乎很少谈论RSS。 很多网站博客都提供RSS的源(Feed),只要将RSS feed的地址添加到阅读器中即可。即使是不提供RSS的信息源,如Youtube, Twitter, FB,Reddit或BBS某子版等,也可以通过[rss.app](https://rss.app), [FetchRSS](https://fetchrss.com/), [ifttt](https://ifttt.com/),等第三方工具生成定制的RSS源。这些第三方工具一般可用匿名邮箱注册。 最推荐的RSS阅读器有[feedly.com](https://feedly.com/) 和[Inoreader](https://www.inoreader.com/) 以及更多[Top 10](https://www.webfx.com/blog/web-design/free-rss-readers/) 。其中feedly的界面事例截图如下,其中的内容由你自己选定: ![feedly](https://i.imgur.com/JjwyOF7.png) 图2. Feedly.com的事例界面截图 虽然采用RSS获取信息可以隔离交互平台,但上述RSS托管商仍然知道你的订阅列表。因此对安全性要求高的用户还可以自己搭建RSS服务器,具体可以参考[Miniflux和Tiny Tiny RSS-自建在线RSS阅读器](https://web.archive.org/web/20191112051632/https://wzfou.com/miniflux-tt-rss/)等网络教程。 ### 输出互动环节 输出和互动环节是社区在水面上的部分,互联网上有各种各样的互动模式。这里主要谈支持匿名的平台,即不要手机号之类可以注册的网站或App。只要你拥有匿名邮箱,就可以注册这类网站,比如博客blog (Wordpress, Blogspot, Matters) 、论坛forum (2049bbs, pincong)、问答社区 (pincong)、reddit、HackerNews等。其中Hacker News属于新闻聚合和利用算法提取社区推荐优质内容的形式,在中文互联网没有类似的网站。最后还要提到协同合作的平台比如hackmd.io, Github等,这些平台可以让网络匿名志愿者一起合作发表文档或者完成软件项目。 你可以选择在这些匿名平台跟人互动,只要你不使用单一的或易于识别的用户名,就可以将自己的数字足迹分散到许多不同的平台,避免被社工(Social Engineering)方式跟踪。最有意思的是,采用各种不同的随机用户名和密码,能够让你在跟社区交流时专注于思想跟逻辑,避免虚拟或现实名誉带来的负担,还可以避免被熟悉自己喜好跟习惯的高手“看碟下菜”操纵诱导预测。 Hacker News利用[算法](https://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2012/02/ranking_algorithm_hacker_news.html)筛选出社区推荐的优质内容,虽然其本身并不开源,但有开源替代方案 [https://github.com/sebst/pythonic-news](https://github.com/sebst/pythonic-news) ([2049bbs](https://2049bbs.xyz)站长推荐)。不过对墙外中文社区而言,一个问题是用户基数,第二个问题是缺乏跟RSS的无缝接口方便随手分享。下面是HN一个替代方案 ![hckrnews](https://i.imgur.com/FSl2YYD.png) 图3. [Hacker News](https://news.ycombinator.com/)的替代方案之一[https://hckrnews.com](https://hckrnews.com) 的截图 Tor的安全性能够满足一般网络发声的需求,但使用前需了解部分[注意事项](https://web.archive.org/web/20190811050033/https://pao-pao.net/article/1049)和Tor的[历史渊源](https://web.archive.org/web/20171208060137/http://www.aqniu.com/news-views/3752.html)。 ## 三、如何参与 本文旨在倡导一种用网模式,而非开发某个具体网站或App的点子。用户习惯是培养出来的,中国互联网20年没有把Geek文化培养出来,只培养出了高度依赖平台的普通网民。这种匿名社区的模式是在倡导一种新生态系统,这种模式具体有多大商业价值?我不知道也暂时不关心。显然现在的互联网巨头不喜欢这种跟自己抢用户群的新模式,监控跟审查部门也非常不喜欢这种真匿名社区模式。 具体我们要做的,就是分析这种模式的利弊,添加常见的工具、网站,让这个文档更加具备可操作性,更简单。我们只是在生产一个文档而已。商业上的受益者当然是这个生态圈里头列出来的那些互联网平台。 这个攻略越多人知道,就会有越多人摆脱监控和审查,来到匿名互联网社区重新夺回自由。 ### 相关链接 1. 讨论区 https://2049bbs.xyz/t/1715 2. 图1 源文件 [https://ufile.io/x1jm0hhv](https://ufile.io/x1jm0hhv) 编辑工具 [https://www.draw.io/](https://www.draw.io/) 3. 本文链接 https://hackmd.io/Z_GJTJznRU-tGxUAq7pllg 4. 安全上网的技巧跟常识 https://civicforum.github.io/online_security.html 5. 编程随想 “对抗专制、捍卫自由”的N种技术力量 https://program-think.blogspot.com/2015/08/Technology-and-Freedom.html 6. 网络隐私工具 https://privacytools.twngo.xyz/ 7. [如何选择开源许可证?](https://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2011/05/how_to_choose_free_software_licenses.html) ### 更新日志 * 2019-11-17 Doc v1.5 https://ufile.io/dzn2py2n * 2019-11-12 Doc v1.4 https://ufile.io/4vlwnkd4 * 2019-11-10 Pic1 v1.1 https://ufile.io/pm7st4y3 * 2019-11-10 Doc v1.3 https://ufile.io/jyo8wse2 * 2019-11-10 Doc v1.2 https://ufile.io/chvsxty1 * 2019-11-09 Doc v1.1 https://ufile.io/f98sl830 * 2019-11-08 Doc v1.0 https://ufile.io/jukigtil --- 本文采用[GPL 3.0](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html)许可证。Licensed under [GPL 3.0](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html).

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