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    # Introduction Part2 导言 第二部分(20-31小节) > > 问题: 总体性消失的瞬间&重新连结的手段 > 关键词:进入都市的权利 > > 建筑师的身份由传统的设计者变为“话语人”,与规划者、其他的“代理人”、“业主”一道将空间划分为部分——即分配空间。每一位执行人都依照其自有的标准,并在这一划分行动中占有各自的比例。这一分割瞬间便是总体性消失之时。 > 在这一划分行为中存在着标准——尺度——认知层面的差异,今日的问题,就是要消除这些分隔。 > > 重建总体性需要确定一个结合点,确定这两种“标准”,微观与宏观、近端秩序与远端秩序、分邻与交流等等的连接。 > --- 一项复杂的、对于都市空间的探索已经开始了。 现象:建筑师的三种形态 1. 巨人症。索里利、阿尔多·罗西——试图在不朽和建筑物之间实现折衷。 ![](https://images.divisare.com/images/dpr_1.0,f_auto,q_auto,w_800/wlohgnxbf6itvyxjekzo/aldo-rossi-burcin-yildirim-gallaratese-housing-d-block.jpg) 2. 分割者,大量昙花一现的单位、个体与住宅的建造者。 3. 反思者。康斯坦特、里卡多·波菲 [http://www.archdaily.com/332142/ad-classics-walden-7-ricardo-bofill] ![](https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/5115/93b5/b3fc/4baa/9700/0063/large_jpg/Walden7_Barcelona_Spain_Ricardo_Bofill_Taller_Arquitectura_10.jpg?1414515476) 都市与村庄、住宅区之间,一万至两万居住人口的“适当”空间探索。现在,——它就像是个营房(for now - as a stage)! *(在一至两万人口规模的居住区设计中) “进入都市的权利”可以作为一种操作的方法并推进我们的研究。 > “过去,城市规划学既不属于科学,也不属于实践,它仅仅是通过散步意识形态的浓云,才成功地“确立”起来了(变成了一种制度)。这一点不让人感到震惊吗?城市规划学只有依靠一种十分敏锐的批判性思想,才能够摆脱处于统治地位的那种强制性的意识形态;然而,在希望快速破灭后的一段时间里,这种批判性的思想所能做的,就是反过来与城市规划学形成对立。” > > 态度问题:改良还是对立 * 进入城市的权利所指的,就是一种有待实现的总体性(globality)。 > “这不是一项自然的权利,当然,也不是一项契约性的权利。……它指的是城市居民的权利,还有那些在交通、信息和交易的网络与流通中出现而竭诚的团体的权利。” > “它所依靠的,既不是某种都市的意识形态,也不是建筑学的介入,而是都市空间最核心的本质:构成性中心(中心性)(centrality)。 > > 权利主体:居民/社会关系的团体 > > 权利实现的途径:中心性,“集中”是都市现实得以确定的关键。(确认“中心”是认识都市现实的手段吗?) * 进入都市的权利即拒绝将群体、阶级、个体从“都市”,从文明中,从社会中中排出。 > “这种市民的权利,宣告了以隔离为基础而建立起来的与正在建立的那些中心所不可避免的危机:这些决策的中心、财富的中心、权利的中心、信息的中心、知识的中心,将那些不能分享政治特权的人们赶到了郊区。” > > 罗西“建筑自主性” > > 被隔离的中心-“中心性” > * 这一权利确定了集合(meeting)与联合(gathering)的权利。 > “各种场所、物品,都应该满足那些被普遍忽略的空间的需求,游戏功能,符号功能(与那些等级化的功能和需求有关的东西,那些因为时代的形象而不能够背变现出来的东西,那些引发了修辞的东西,那些只有诗人才能叫出名字的东西,就是:欲望)。 > > 对受轻视的“功能”的重新定义:需求的满足 > > * 进入都市的权利,意味着建立或者重建一种时间和空间的同一性,一种取代了分割的联合体。 > “它并没有消除对抗和斗争,而是相反!” > > 外部形态的内在性,即其目的和意义已经确立:“安全与幸福”,却错误认识了其条件(政治的、形态学的、时空的) * 已经形成的进入都市的权利,意味着一种知识,并且应用了这种知识。 > “一种关于空间的生产的知识。 > 马克思对产品的生产活动进行了批判的分析,今天在空间的问题上,也要运用类似的方法。” > > 不是通过列举、描述、记录来研究物,而是从批判生产方式入手,在空间问题上使用相似的方法意味着对前文生产关系再生产的认知来重新看待空间。 > 既往关于空间的研究,所做的只是对空间中存在的事物的思考,或是对抽象空间的思考,是碎片化的。这种研究只描述了被分割的、在一定程度上被填充的空间。 * 进入都市的权利,在今天,还是一个乌托邦。 > “这样的发展,为经济的增长假定了一个方向。这样的经济增长本身并没有什么‘目的’,也不再把累积当成自己的目标,而是为一个高级的‘目的’服务。” > > 只有在社会财富高速增长的同时发生生产方式的巨大变革,进入都市的权利以及其他市民权利的行使才成为可能。 **在古典哲学中,“主体”与“客体”,一个在另一个之外,一个在另一个之前。在绝对这个漩涡中,在原始的或者终极的同一性中,它们又将重新结合在一起。今天,精神的与社会的都存在于实践中:存在于想象和真实的空间中。**

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