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    --- tags : DIT 11th 教學 -- 新生教學 --- {%hackmd BJrTq20hE %} # 螺絲與螺母 $\;\;\;\;\;\;\;$ ## 概要 $\;\;\;\;\;\;\;$緊固件能將兩個或以上的元件以機械方式固定,例如鈕扣、釘書針、迴紋針等。在機械中螺絲則是常見的緊固件。 **螺紋** $\;\;\;\;\;\;\;$目前日本將螺絲(screw)與螺紋(thread)的形狀分類。螺紋形狀有:三角螺紋、管用三角螺紋、梯形螺紋、鋸齒型螺紋、圓螺紋等。 $\;\;\;\;\;\;\;$公制螺絲以三角螺紋使用最多。==公制螺絲的表示方法如:「M4*0.7」。意思是「螺絲的符號:M」、「螺絲的外型尺寸:4mm」*「螺距:0.7mm」。== $\;\;\;\;\;\;\;$公制螺絲中,根據螺紋牙距(pitch)會有「粗牙螺紋」、「細牙螺紋」通常不指定時,指的是粗牙螺紋。細牙螺紋通常用在精密機械和壁厚薄的部分。 <center> <img src="https://i.imgur.com/YgiqAIs.jpg"> <p style="font-size:14px">螺絲構造示意圖</p> </img> </center> **螺絲頭** $\;\;\;\;\;\;\;$螺絲根據頭的形狀會有圓頭、平頭、平頭圓柱頭、內六角等等。在機器人競賽中以維修面而言,很多人使用內六角螺絲,原因是內六角螺絲有六個承重面,相較其他螺絲能承受更大壓力,抗擰且不易滑牙,此外內六角螺絲可搭配球頭六角板手。 <center> <img src="https://i.imgur.com/2xU4fjx.jpg"> <p style="font-size:14px">各類型螺絲頭槽型示意圖</p> </img> </center> <center> <img src="https://i.imgur.com/egvjUO3.png"> <p style="font-size:14px">球頭六角板手示意圖</p> </img> </center> ## 防止螺絲鬆動 $\;\;\;\;\;\;\;$機器人會因為震動和緊固部位的變形而發生螺絲鬆動。防止螺絲鬆動時,過去都使用墊圈和雙螺帽等,但近年來,==使用專門的鎖定螺帽(luck nut)和黏著劑==變得很普遍。 :::success :::spoiler 防鬆螺帽(點擊) $\;\;\;\;\;\;\;$防鬆螺母起源於國外,它是以特殊的工程塑料永久的附著在螺紋上,使內外螺紋在縮緊過程,工程塑料被擠壓而產生強大的反作用力,極大地增加了內外螺紋之間的摩擦力,提供了對振動的絕對阻力。 <center> <img src="https://i.imgur.com/LI8mW7C.jpg"> <p style="font-size:14px">防鬆螺帽示意圖</p> </img> </center> ::: **螺絲膠** $\;\;\;\;\;\;\;$螺絲用的黏著劑有分兩種:一種是使用在今後將不再拆裝的情形,相當堅固;另一種類型雖然在震動時不易鬆動,但是想要拆卸螺絲時,只要確實地插入工具即可拆除。考量維護等工作,謹慎選擇、分開使用是必要的。 <center> <img src="https://i.imgur.com/vdVt4Sg.jpg"> <p style="font-size:14px">螺絲膠示意圖</p> </img> </center> **墊圈** $\;\;\;\;\;\;\;$使用螺絲、螺帽緊固元件時,為了不讓零件損傷或發生鬆動,會使用墊圈。尤其是在使用時會變形的零件,如3D列印、木材等,==需藉由加裝墊圈以增加和零件間的接觸面積,並且可以防止螺絲和螺帽陷入零件裡。== * 平墊圈:防止素材變形陷入、增加接觸面積 * 彈簧墊圈:利用預張力使螺母螺絲緊緊貼合。 <center> <img src="https://i.imgur.com/BV5mHvW.jpg"> <p style="font-size:14px">平墊圈(下)、彈簧墊圈(上)可同時混用</p> </img> </center>

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