載入中… - HackMD

--- jupyter: jupytext: text_representation: extension: .md format_name: markdown format_version: '1.3' jupytext_version: 1.15.1 kernelspec: display_name: Python 3 name: python3 --- [![hackmd-github-sync-badge](https://hackmd.io/nYIxNqCcTo6WSFRd_LlMnA/badge)](https://hackmd.io/nYIxNqCcTo6WSFRd_LlMnA)  <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/github/willismax/MediaSystem-Python-Course/blob/main/01.Intro-Python/Intro_Python-101.ipynb" target="_parent"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"/></a>   # 01.Python_basic基礎   ![](https://python.rs/pylogo.png)   - 我們先來認識所謂「程式」的基礎吧 - 建立環境 - 程式的組成 - 基本資料型態 (整數、浮點數、字串、布林)(串列、元組、字典、集合) - 格式化的輸出與輸入（print, input()） - 運算子、運算式與敘述(+-*/、大小等於) - 選擇性敘述（if-else） - 迴圈(for, while) - 函數(def foo():) - 類別(class Foo():)  ```python id="n_sCN11q8ik2" import this ```  ## 建立Python環境   以下方法擇一皆可 - 官網下載Python: https://www.python.org/ - 電腦直接裝Python者，可用命令列或IDEL - 開啟Google的[Colab](https://colab.research.google.com/) - 線上開啟新的筆記本，也等於跟google要了一個虛擬機 - 如果你要自學，推薦使用Colab - 安裝[ANACONDA](https://www.anaconda.com/): - 安裝ANACONDA者，可用jupyter notebook，初學者建議 - 如果你要自學，本文推薦下載，但比較大包  ```python colab={"base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"} id="zvgmfF3ityP3" outputId="7234c1af-aec6-45ba-dd91-3014ed5d45de" !nvidia-smi ```  ## 0.Python的變數   - 變數，儲存內容的盒子 - 在Python，變數更像是貼標籤的概念(標籤指向的資料改變，)  ```python id="P_B2GgT4c7NS" a = 1 ``` ```python id="oOO2xtE-qzen" a ``` ```python id="AAzR0hNIDgdA" #我有a隻手機 print("我有",a,"隻手機") ```  ## 1.立馬進行基本計算   加減乘除非常方便，直接進行即可  ```python id="Zgq8K1ZOt7bB" 1+1 ``` ```python id="85gCWVfWcBSn" # **是次方 print(2**10) ``` ```python id="k0O0G5tFcBSs" # 除法ＯＫ的 99/44 ``` ```python id="6xZ9jFgXcBS2" #餘數% dise = 9487 % 6 #012345 骰子 print(dise+1) ```  ## 2.輕鬆上手資料型態   基本資料型態在python指的是整數int、浮點數float(就是小數)、字串str(文字)、布林bool(True or False)   想知道手上資料的型態，可以用type()來確認  ```python id="ViwZ0XpL8zTv" b=True ``` ```python id="f0G0eO7iroF2" b ``` ```python id="jq4w17Kb81gs" colab={"base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"} outputId="80c30af7-e8c8-487d-98b4-11f6265a6e9f" # type() type(b) ``` ```python id="M7lzhJOpSXgh" num1 = 78 num2 = 0.55 type(num1), type(num2) ``` ```python id="rm3CaGXIxAOE" 1+2 ``` ```python id="-mX_NCLCr4Rg" 1+2. ``` ```python id="XW5Umh7L8kza" type(1+2.) ``` ```python id="ecvcuJnbcBTI" type(87), type(55.66), type("5566"), type( 1 != 1 ) ``` ```python id="qnwmtw9tx9vj" '我有一串"文字"' ```  #### Question1 - 要怎麼確認是文字、整數還是小數?  ```python id="FxTrd1OH9RFk" #文字的數字怎麼確認? type('88') ```  #### Question2 - 如何強制將小數轉成整數?  ```python id="0BFeJ99CPxBR" #浮點數轉整數 int(100.666) ```  ## 3.快速使用輸入與輸出   - 輸出以print()把資料印出來 - 輸入就以input()讓使用者使用 - 在jupyter notebook，每個cell最後一個print()可以省略  ```python id="JCaY4RN5EXhN" input() ``` ```python id="EE364zFat5aX" input('請輸入姓名:') ``` ```python id="RePdpTu6cBTY" '我的名子是:'+input() ``` ```python id="yiP85033uLgK" print('我的名子是:'+input()) ``` ```python id="A0MRNBsHE2wR" name = input() print('我的名子是:' + name) ``` ```python id="lvJ6_u4U0mY_" email = input( '我的email帳號:') print('我的email帳號:',email) ``` ```python id="3JXhmLnTcBTm" 顏文字 = "(ﾟДﾟ)< ============O))" 顏文字 ``` ```python id="sInqpcIStWlv" 顏文字*500 ```  #### print()  ```python id="qfn1Mkyp18bx" print("hi") ``` ```python id="8njH9070EN93" #3種寫法一次比較 name = "野原新之助" age = 5 print(f"大姊姊我是{name}，我今年{age}歲!!") # f-string print("大姊姊我是%s，我今年%d歲!!"% (name, age)) print("大姊姊我是{}，我今年{}歲!".format(name, age)) ```  ## 4.第一個動手做：計算BMI - 運用前述所學，設計一個BMI計算器，能夠正確計算BMI - BMI = 體重(公斤) / 身高平方(平方公尺) - 由使用者輸入體重、身高，顯示計算結果  ```python id="Bhm4ACf_vVtc" # 來練習吧 ```  ## 5.條件判斷  ```python id="7Iw2Y5ecLPMA" 3>=2 ``` ```python id="AyukwKYqLSNX" "Z" > "b" #利大於弊 ``` ```python id="oNSDR_Gy7OAx" a=5 b=1 if a == b: print("a==b") elif a > b: print('a>b') else: print("a<b") ``` ```python id="h_aQXu_n89l3" if (1): print('成立') else: print('不成立') # None, False, 0 ``` ```python id="HKhbJ0QOIeVM" if 3<2: print("Yse") else: print("NO") ``` ```python id="nNE4SKNEcBUA" if 1!=1: print("YES") else: print("NO") ```  ## 6.必須知道什麼是串列list  ```python id="4Phg0R-m-SFV" # list ``` ```python id="muhOOP7WJ5KZ" [ 1, 2, 3.14, 7.788, "c8763"] ``` ```python id="OwTaKmFPcBUm" [7,5,4.444,"挖苦挖苦",True,False] ``` ```python id="pknFNXTfcBUx" APPLE = [1, 2, 3, 0] ``` ```python id="GP_WrJc1cBUz" PEN = [7, 7, 3, 2] ``` ```python id="nBpeNXoqcBU4" APPLE + PEN ``` ```python id="xD64NIt2cBU_" APPLE-PEN ``` ```python id="Qj6NWJmIcBVF" APPLE*5 ```  #### 切片  ```python id="8wfh5T-gNp5e" #APPLE[ 頭0 : 尾前 ] ``` ```python id="_GhnEm2R_SwF" APPLE=[9, 5, 2, 7] ``` ```python id="Zv7Ekpfa_bDR" APPLE[2] ``` ```python id="i98TLrGcACCK" #APPLE[ 魚頭: 魚屁股] APPLE[0:2] ``` ```python id="YHtuh1tuge1c" APPLE[0 : 3] ``` ```python id="bgyWzCzscBVQ" APPLE[ :3] #不包含第4 ``` ```python id="dThPWD5JcBVS" APPLE[-1] ``` ```python id="Os6Se9wBO5Ac" !pip install twstock ``` ```python id="BczEJReaPBvv" import twstock stock= twstock.Stock("2330") ``` ```python id="C9SAClg1PiAz" stock.price[-1] ``` ```python id="VV5t2WVjcBVa" 詞 = "庭院深深深幾許" ``` ```python id="JSlIEZr9cBVh" 詞[0] ``` ```python id="n-FsI9nOcBVl" 詞[2:5] ``` ```python id="tUzotRJAcBVp" 詞[-5:] ``` ```python id="x-RXSD55cBVs" list(詞) ```  ## 7.第二個動手做：線上遊戲命名產生器   80%玩家表示，最花時間的就是命名，既然我們學會了串列list，那我們來嘗試做一個命名產生器首先以list把地點跟明星名字存起來  ```python id="0al5rUdGcBVv" local = ["基隆",'南港','松山','台北','萬華','板橋','樹林','鶯歌','桃園','中壢','楊梅','竹北','新竹','苗栗','銅鑼', '后里','豐原','潭子','太原','台中','大慶','烏日','新烏日','成功','彰化','花壇','大村','員林','永靖','社頭', '田中','二水','林內','民雄','嘉義','林鳳營','高雄'] star = ['山下智囧','囧把刀','尾田賀一航','木村倒頭哉','湯姆嗑吐司','木村唾液','今晨五','彭于晏','朝偉哥',"山道猴子"] ``` ```python id="q8Ui2nif1fcW" local[2]+star[1] ``` ```python id="K5RjDv0AcBVx" import random a = random.sample(local,1)+ random.sample(star,1) #shift+tab "".join(a) ```  用亂數取出一組組合，加在一起組成新的list，最後在取出list內容將字串合在一起   不命名變數也可以，方法百百種，python很自由  ```python id="JDjK5GDMcBV5" "".join(random.sample(local, 1) + random.sample(star, 1)) ```  ## 8.kv配對的字典  ```python id="6PqkmF8n40HB" colab={"base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"} outputId="9f850cca-8531-4b68-c7c7-89cf6e823b9c" {"ip":"0.0.0.0"} ``` ```python id="uvQHQp8kPsy6" 成績 = {"數學" : [100,90,80] } ``` ```python id="gmVj2U2icBV-" 同學 = { "andy":[183,70], "Alice":[163,45] } ``` ```python id="BC7vWPerP-ld" 同學 ``` ```python id="gcF4fDRJcBWA" 同學["andy"][1] ```  ## 9.條件判斷II:如果，否則   可以分成 - if: #條件成立執行以下描述 - if else #如果(成立就執行...),否則(成立就執行...) - if elif else #如果(成立就執行...),否則如果(成立就執行...),否則(成立就執行...)  ```python id="epSXRZA-cBWF" A = 5 B = 8 ``` ```python id="9wGnHxWicBWH" if A == B: print('A = B') ``` ```python id="MNUl4k70Tmsw" if A != B: print("a!=b") ``` ```python id="id-GrVbacBWK" if A == B: print('A == B') else: print('A != B') ``` ```python id="N_ZeDU4hcBWN" if A > B: print('A > B') elif A < B: print('A < B') else: print('A == B') ```  現學現賣之「智慧聊天機器人」  ```python id="lBxHzw_BcBWT" say = input(">>") if say == '早安': print("早安唷") else: print("你說"+say+"阿? 阿阿阿阿阿我知道了") ```  ## 10.人生就是迴圈   迴圈是程式語言的特徵，讓電腦協助你重覆執行某項判斷，主流用法就是for迴圈與while迴圈，另外python還有一個枚舉可以使用。 ### 10-1 For迴圈 - 先來個for迴圈吧，基本上for迴圈常與list結合使用 ``` for 指標 in 要判別的資料集: 執行項目 ```  ```python id="oudlqYNKcBWb" 五俗蘭 = ["紅茶", "綠茶", "烏龍", "鐵觀音", "多多冰沙", "八冰綠", "抹茶拿鐵"] ``` ```python id="3AA2805ll_fI" print(五俗蘭) ``` ```python id="TRsG3j6MwxZO" 五俗蘭[:4] ``` ```python id="xFFA7bpM7ZNh" for i in 五俗蘭: print(i) ``` ```python id="cfHf90Ip2wq4" for i in range(5): print(五俗蘭[i]) ``` ```python id="sNzF0aDMVVGQ" len(五俗蘭) ``` ```python id="CMrS9u3RmJug" for i in range(7): print(五俗蘭[i]) ``` ```python id="9kup7hBV3Xem" for i in range(len(五俗蘭)): print(五俗蘭[i]) ``` ```python id="XKkS-_apxO93" for i in 五俗蘭: print(i) ``` ```python id="DBBjvDJuydvb" # 如果list超級大，可以用iter + next節省記憶體五俗蘭_iterator = iter(五俗蘭) while True: try: i = next(五俗蘭_iterator) print(i) except StopIteration: break ```  ### 10-2 enumerate()枚舉假設我們要迭代list成員的名稱，並獲取list中每個成員的位置。可以用enumerate，又稱枚舉  ```python id="CdSUMeWecBWs" for i, v in enumerate(五俗蘭): print(i, v) ```  ### 10-3 while迴圈 while迴圈，除非成立才會跳出循環 ``` 初始值 while 條件式：程式區塊 (索引變化) ```  ```python id="GdxXfux5cBW8" count = 0 while (count < 6): print('The count is:', count) count += 1 #count =count+1 print ("Good bye!") ``` ```python id="-apyeexmcBW_" # continue用法 i = 1 while (i < 6): i += 1 # i=i+1 if i%2 > 0: #1 continue print(i) ``` ```python id="Ijh400zIcBXD" # break用法 i = 1 while (1): print(i) i += 1 if i > 10: break ```  *現學現賣之「金庫密碼」  ```python id="OWCY-7QocBXG" password = '' #先設一個空字串讓程式知道 while password != "1234": password = input("快點輸入密碼>>") if password == '1234': print("密碼正確") break else: print("密碼錯誤再來一次") ```  ## 11.函數其實很精彩   用來打包你所會的一切，必要時呼叫出來就可以用 ``` def foo(引數1,引數2): 執行內容 retuen 回傳值 ``` 呼叫時使用 ``` foo(引數1,引數2) ```  ```python id="IQ4xwATXYHA3" def toto_bmi(wei, hei): bmi = float(wei) / float(hei)**2 return bmi ``` ```python id="iPAl8KK1YrxV" a = toto_bmi(70, 1.73) ``` ```python id="H7yUZjMLY99W" a ``` ```python id="-_x8hQv370yj" #BMI=w/h**2 def cal_BMI(w, h): bmi = float(w) / float(h)**2 return bmi ``` ```python id="NxN8J63Q8nLi" cal_BMI(70,1.7) ``` ```python id="axqEjSBWkI2E" cal_BMI(h=1.73, w=70) ``` ```python id="SZW0-YH5kajP" #BMI=w/h**2 def cal_BMI( w=70, h=1.73): """ w輸入kg h輸入公尺 """ bmi = float(w) / float(h)**2 return bmi ``` ```python id="ZkLUiZW7kloj" cal_BMI() ``` ```python id="MKLCzzfMYWWl" def add(a , b): sum = a + b return sum ``` ```python id="vydTC0UfYlAF" add(2,555) ``` ```python id="4Vi4j6WGcBXJ" def repaly_word(b): print(b) print("我想你") ``` ```python id="5shGp1-5-A74" repaly_word("真的嗎") ``` ```python id="AV7jAMfvcBXM" repaly_word("a") ``` ```python id="iBLQzNklcBXS" def 加法(a,b): result = a + b return result ``` ```python id="nJLd_fEacBXX" 加法(9,9) ```  ## 12.第三個動手做：打造訂餐系統   當程式以函數包起來後，使用者只要呼叫函數，輸入對應的引數，即可得到結果，不需要在意裡面的細節囉  ```python id="SUUf0ymbcBXd" def 訂餐(第1至3號餐,數量): if 第1至3號餐 == 1: price = 數量*60 elif 第1至3號餐 == 2: price = 數量*70 elif 第1至3號餐 == 3: price = 數量*80 else: print("請選擇1至3號餐，輸入1個數字即可，謝謝") return f"您選的是{第1至3號餐}號餐, 數量是{數量}個，金額是{price}元" ``` ```python id="ieH5r0Z2cBXf" 訂餐(2,3) ``` ```python id="iPwNnkypcBXh" 訂餐(2,9) ```  ## 13.用來個翻譯吧來體驗怎麼使用外部模組   ### 13-2.Python google翻譯   1. google搜尋`python google 翻譯` 2. 看文章程式碼 3. 回頭找模組的官方文件(或github的說明文件)，拓展想要的應用  ```python id="CfgN6owgThMM" !pip install googletrans==3.1.0a0 ``` ```python id="bv4FFtejS0UG" from googletrans import Translator translator = Translator() translator.translate('今晚我要來點真主單的紅茶拿鐵加珍珠', dest='en').text ``` ```python id="YeQKrrQvT8ZU" print('English:', translator.translate('水之呼吸', dest='en').text) print('Japanese:', translator.translate('水之呼吸', dest='ja').text) print('Korean:', translator.translate('水之呼吸', dest='ko').text) ```  ### 13-2. 翻譯轉語音   1. google搜尋`python google 文字轉語音` 2. 看文章程式碼 3. 回頭找模組的官方文件(或github的說明文件)，拓展想要的應用  ```python id="PFjLu6j_V9AJ" !pip install gtts ``` ```python id="5V2mV_U3WM9f" from gtts import gTTS import os mytext = 'Convert this Text to Speech in Python' language = 'en' mygTTS = gTTS(text=mytext, lang=language, slow=False) mygTTS.save("output.mp3") # Play the converted file os.system("start output.mp3") ```  ### 13-3.把翻譯+語音串起來  ```python id="E5Pi5ZtOXKf0" !pip install googletrans==3.1.0a0 !pip install gtts ``` ```python id="l21cRd5NXS_u" from googletrans import Translator from gtts import gTTS import os def google_text_to_speak(text, to_speak_language='en'): translator = Translator() ttext = translator.translate(text, dest=to_speak_language).text tts = gTTS(text= ttext, lang=to_speak_language) tts.save(f'{text} {to_speak_language}.mp3') if __name__ == "__main__": google_text_to_speak("今晚打咚咚") google_text_to_speak("本節目由五洲製藥贊助撥出",'ja') ``` ```python id="v0dkfpiTZh7D" google_text_to_speak("今晚打老虎") google_text_to_speak("今晚打老虎",to_speak_language = 'ja') ``` ```python id="dfONID8Ap3Zv" import googletrans print(googletrans.LANGCODES) ```  ## reference - [蔡炎龍老師Github](https://github.com/yenlung/Python-3-Data-Analysis-Basics) - [A Whirlwind Tour of Python (正體中文版)](https://doggy8088.github.io/A-Whirlwind-Tour-of-Python-zh-tw/)

Syntax	Example	Reference
# Header	Header	基本排版
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