心理學實驗法公開教材
      • Sharing URL Link copied
      • /edit
      • View mode
        • Edit mode
        • View mode
        • Book mode
        • Slide mode
        Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
      • Customize slides
      • Note Permission
      • Read
        • Owners
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Owners Signed-in users Everyone
      • Write
        • Owners
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Owners Signed-in users Everyone
      • Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
    • Invite by email
      Invitee

      This note has no invitees

    • Publish Note

      Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note No publishing access yet

      Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
      Your note is now live.
      This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
      Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.

      Your account was recently created. Publishing will be available soon, allowing you to share notes on your public page and in search results.

      Your team account was recently created. Publishing will be available soon, allowing you to share notes on your public page and in search results.

      Explore these features while you wait
      Complete general settings
      Bookmark and like published notes
      Write a few more notes
      Complete general settings
      Write a few more notes
      See published notes
      Unpublish note
      Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
      View profile
    • Commenting
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
      • Everyone
    • Suggest edit
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
    • Emoji Reply
    • Enable
    • Versions and GitHub Sync
    • Note settings
    • Note Insights New
    • Engagement control
    • Make a copy
    • Transfer ownership
    • Delete this note
    • Insert from template
    • Import from
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
      • Clipboard
    • Export to
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
    • Download
      • Markdown
      • HTML
      • Raw HTML
Menu Note settings Note Insights Versions and GitHub Sync Sharing URL Help
Menu
Options
Engagement control Make a copy Transfer ownership Delete this note
Import from
Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
Export to
Dropbox Google Drive Gist
Download
Markdown HTML Raw HTML
Back
Sharing URL Link copied
/edit
View mode
  • Edit mode
  • View mode
  • Book mode
  • Slide mode
Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
Customize slides
Note Permission
Read
Owners
  • Owners
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Owners Signed-in users Everyone
Write
Owners
  • Owners
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Owners Signed-in users Everyone
Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
  • Invite by email
    Invitee

    This note has no invitees

  • Publish Note

    Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note No publishing access yet

    Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
    Your note is now live.
    This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
    Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.

    Your account was recently created. Publishing will be available soon, allowing you to share notes on your public page and in search results.

    Your team account was recently created. Publishing will be available soon, allowing you to share notes on your public page and in search results.

    Explore these features while you wait
    Complete general settings
    Bookmark and like published notes
    Write a few more notes
    Complete general settings
    Write a few more notes
    See published notes
    Unpublish note
    Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
    View profile
    Engagement control
    Commenting
    Permission
    Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    Enable
    Permission
    • Forbidden
    • Owners
    • Signed-in users
    • Everyone
    Suggest edit
    Permission
    Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    Enable
    Permission
    • Forbidden
    • Owners
    • Signed-in users
    Emoji Reply
    Enable
    Import from Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
       Owned this note    Owned this note      
    Published Linked with GitHub
    • Any changes
      Be notified of any changes
    • Mention me
      Be notified of mention me
    • Unsubscribe
    --- title: 組間比較介紹(2020 Oct 12) tags: Lecture description: View the slide with "Slide Mode". --- # 組間比較 <!-- Put the link to this slide here so people can follow --> slide: https://hackmd.io/@EXPPSY-Opensci/rJHaSl3UD --- ## 實際體驗何謂組間比較 - [全球疫情心理學研究](https://forms.gle/BJ3eguykFVUSxMzt5)台灣地區版 - 有興趣的話,課後找時間參加 - 有抽獎,最高獎金7-11禮卷1000元 - 10/23結束 - 填寫完和同學聊聊做過的題目有何不同? ---- ## 什麼時候需要組間比較? ![](https://scgeeker.github.io/EXPPSY_Opensci/figs/CH01_FIG01_knowledge_cycle_01.png =600x) <small>來源:[實驗心理學:開放科學取向](https://scgeeker.github.io/EXPPSY_Opensci/)</small> ---- ## 假設到設計的距離 - 假設化為操作型定義: - 觀察現象的測量: - 因果關係推論: - 設定測量極限: - 設定輔助假設: - 設定測量結果的判斷準則: <small>來源:[Scheel et al.(2020)](https://psyarxiv.com/vekpu/)</small> --- ## 智性直覺測試研究 Turri, J., Buckwalter, W., & Blouw, P. (2015). Knowledge and luck. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 22(2), 378–390. doi: 10.3758/s13423-014-0683-5 - 一般人能否區辨需要分析情境的個人,有沒有具備分析的知識? ---- ## 合理真信念 - 柏拉圖認為的知識三要素 ~ Justified True Belief - 某人S有P的知識,必定符合: - P為真 - S相信P - S對於P的信念是可證的 ---- ## [葛梯爾問題](http://mephilosophy.ccu.edu.tw/entry.php?entry_name=%E8%91%9B%E6%A2%AF%E7%88%BE%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C) - Edmund Gettier(1963)提出銅板案例與好友名車案例挑戰柏拉圖的想法 - 陸續有哲學家構想類似的案例解析Edmund Gettier的主張 - Emma買假鑽石(Nagel, San Juan, & Mar, 2013) - Gerald看假房子(Colaca et al., 2014) ---- ## 智性直覺 - 沒有受過分析哲學訓練的一般人,是否無法區辨葛梯爾問題案例的人物有沒有合理真信念? - 實驗哲學:使用行為實驗方法測試一般人的哲學思辨能力。 ---- ## Turri et al. (2015)的假設到設計 - 假設化為操作型定義: - 一般人 - 葛梯爾問題案例 - 區辨能力 - 主角是不是真正知道或只是相信? - 主角看到的證據是否合理? ---- ## 葛梯爾問題案例 第一段 <small> 達雷爾是生態學家,正在峽谷瀑布國家公園收集紅斑松鼠的資料。公園被分爲十區,今天達雷爾在第三區工作。正當達雷爾用望遠鏡巡視峽谷時,他看見一隻尾巴濃密的小生物,胸部和腹部上印有獨特的紅色斑點。這種紅斑松鼠是本地唯一一種擁有此印記的物種。達雷爾在日誌中記錄到:「今天在第三區總算看到一隻紅斑松鼠。」 </small> ---- ## 葛梯爾問題案例 第二段(葛梯爾情境) <small> 生態學家並不清楚最近有一種非原生的土撥鼠入侵公園。這群土撥鼠的胸部和腹部也有紅色印記。當這些土撥鼠開始入侵第三區,紅斑松鼠無力趕走牠們。不過,達雷爾看到的的確是一隻紅斑松鼠。 </small> ---- ## 葛梯爾問題案例 第二段(充分確定知道) <small> 生態學家並不清楚公園地下有道錯綜複雜的水脈開始乾涸。地下水脈輸送重要的營養成分,是松鼠賴以維生的樹木以及其他植物生長所需要的。流經第三區河谷的地下水也開始枯竭。達雷爾看到的動物的確是一隻口渴的紅斑松鼠。 </small> ---- ## 葛梯爾問題案例 第二段(充分確定不知道) <small> 生態學家並不清楚最近有一種非原生的土撥鼠入侵公園。這群土撥鼠的胸部和腹部也有紅色印記。當這些土撥鼠開始入侵第三區,紅斑松鼠無力趕走牠們。因此,達雷爾看到的其實是一隻土撥鼠。 </small> ---- ## Turri et al. (2015)的假設到設計 - 假設化為操作型定義: - 一般人 - 葛梯爾問題案例 - 區辨能力 - 主角是不是真正知道或只是相信? - 主角看到的證據是否合理? ---- ## Turri et al. (2015)的假設到設計 - 觀察現象的測量: - 各組回答"真正知道或只是相信"的人數比例 ---- ## Turri et al. (2015)的假設到設計 - 因果關係推論: - 相信**葛梯爾情境**的主角「真正知道」的人數,應該在**充分確定知道**與**充分確定不知道**之間。 ---- ## Turri et al. (2015)的假設到設計 - 設定測量極限: - **充分確定知道** - **充分確定不知道** - 排除無法判斷主角看到的證據是否合理的參與者 ---- ## Turri et al. (2015)的假設到設計 - 設定測量結果的判斷準則: |充分確定知道|葛梯爾情境|充分確定不知道| |:---:|:---:|:---:| |100%|50%|0%| ---- ## Turri et al. (2015)的設計問題 - 測量尺度不夠靈敏:是非題(用測量人類體重的磅秤去量螞蟻的體重) - 組間比較的人數不足:三個參與者分組,一組約40~45人(用一個里的投票預測總統選舉結果) ---- ## Turri et al. (2015)的設計問題 - 未設定輔助假設:無法評估混淆變項的影響。如某個情境的參與者很難分辨是否合理,無法排除某個情況人數過低的影響;案例情節超出參與者的可理解經驗。 - 因果關係推論不足以支撐統計分析準則:**充分確定知道**與**充分確定不知道**可能只適用於某些案例。 ---- ## 再現研究的挑戰 - 採用百分制量表 - 增列其他問題 - 提高參與者人數 - 比較三種葛梯爾問題案例的回答結果 <small>來源:[Hall et al.(preprint)](https://osf.io/n5b3w/)</small> ---- ## [參與再現研究的經驗](https://osf.io/6trj5/) (不錄影) --- ## 小論文 - 依照[線上協作共筆](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1DC5JUzoJUIsCGwbHJWo5-y0naxhRkvHK9bQpyEK2iLQ/edit#),挑選一種主題寫作: 1. 你所知道的或曾經參與的組間比較研究,運用原則分析假設到設計的元素。 2. 運用智性知覺研究專案,撰寫完整的假設到設計分析,提出你認為可能存在的問題。 - 評估標準 - 合理使用資料參考來源:文內引用與參考文獻保持一致 - 合理說明無法分析某項元素的理由 - 合理說明可能錯誤分析某項元素的理由

    Import from clipboard

    Paste your markdown or webpage here...

    Advanced permission required

    Your current role can only read. Ask the system administrator to acquire write and comment permission.

    This team is disabled

    Sorry, this team is disabled. You can't edit this note.

    This note is locked

    Sorry, only owner can edit this note.

    Reach the limit

    Sorry, you've reached the max length this note can be.
    Please reduce the content or divide it to more notes, thank you!

    Import from Gist

    Import from Snippet

    or

    Export to Snippet

    Are you sure?

    Do you really want to delete this note?
    All users will lose their connection.

    Create a note from template

    Create a note from template

    Oops...
    This template has been removed or transferred.
    Upgrade
    All
    • All
    • Team
    No template.

    Create a template

    Upgrade

    Delete template

    Do you really want to delete this template?
    Turn this template into a regular note and keep its content, versions, and comments.

    This page need refresh

    You have an incompatible client version.
    Refresh to update.
    New version available!
    See releases notes here
    Refresh to enjoy new features.
    Your user state has changed.
    Refresh to load new user state.

    Sign in

    Forgot password
    or
    Sign in via Facebook Sign in via X(Twitter) Sign in via GitHub Sign in via Dropbox Sign in with Wallet
    Wallet ( )
    Connect another wallet

    New to HackMD? Sign up

    By signing in, you agree to our terms of service.

    Help

    • English
    • 中文
    • Français
    • Deutsch
    • 日本語
    • Español
    • Català
    • Ελληνικά
    • Português
    • italiano
    • Türkçe
    • Русский
    • Nederlands
    • hrvatski jezik
    • język polski
    • Українська
    • हिन्दी
    • svenska
    • Esperanto
    • dansk

    Documents

    Help & Tutorial

    How to use Book mode

    Slide Example

    API Docs

    Edit in VSCode

    Install browser extension

    Contacts

    Feedback

    Discord

    Send us email

    Resources

    Releases

    Pricing

    Blog

    Policy

    Terms

    Privacy

    Cheatsheet

    Syntax Example Reference
    # Header Header 基本排版
    - Unordered List
    • Unordered List
    1. Ordered List
    1. Ordered List
    - [ ] Todo List
    • Todo List
    > Blockquote
    Blockquote
    **Bold font** Bold font
    *Italics font* Italics font
    ~~Strikethrough~~ Strikethrough
    19^th^ 19th
    H~2~O H2O
    ++Inserted text++ Inserted text
    ==Marked text== Marked text
    [link text](https:// "title") Link
    ![image alt](https:// "title") Image
    `Code` Code 在筆記中貼入程式碼
    ```javascript
    var i = 0;
    ```
    var i = 0;
    :smile: :smile: Emoji list
    {%youtube youtube_id %} Externals
    $L^aT_eX$ LaTeX
    :::info
    This is a alert area.
    :::

    This is a alert area.

    Versions and GitHub Sync
    Get Full History Access

    • Edit version name
    • Delete

    revision author avatar     named on  

    More Less

    Note content is identical to the latest version.
    Compare
      Choose a version
      No search result
      Version not found
    Sign in to link this note to GitHub
    Learn more
    This note is not linked with GitHub
     

    Feedback

    Submission failed, please try again

    Thanks for your support.

    On a scale of 0-10, how likely is it that you would recommend HackMD to your friends, family or business associates?

    Please give us some advice and help us improve HackMD.

     

    Thanks for your feedback

    Remove version name

    Do you want to remove this version name and description?

    Transfer ownership

    Transfer to
      Warning: is a public team. If you transfer note to this team, everyone on the web can find and read this note.

        Link with GitHub

        Please authorize HackMD on GitHub
        • Please sign in to GitHub and install the HackMD app on your GitHub repo.
        • HackMD links with GitHub through a GitHub App. You can choose which repo to install our App.
        Learn more  Sign in to GitHub

        Push the note to GitHub Push to GitHub Pull a file from GitHub

          Authorize again
         

        Choose which file to push to

        Select repo
        Refresh Authorize more repos
        Select branch
        Select file
        Select branch
        Choose version(s) to push
        • Save a new version and push
        • Choose from existing versions
        Include title and tags
        Available push count

        Pull from GitHub

         
        File from GitHub
        File from HackMD

        GitHub Link Settings

        File linked

        Linked by
        File path
        Last synced branch
        Available push count

        Danger Zone

        Unlink
        You will no longer receive notification when GitHub file changes after unlink.

        Syncing

        Push failed

        Push successfully