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    # Weniger Belastung, besseres Lernen: Grundlagen der Cognitive Load Theory ## Hinweis *Dieses HAckmd ist ein living document zu dem gleichnamigen Blogartikel: markusneuschaefer.de/ueberblick-cognitive-load-theory-clt* ⬇️⬇️⬇️  *Ideen / Ergänzungen gerne im Dokument weiter unten eintragen* ⬇️⬇️⬇️ --- Empirische Studien zur Lernpsychologie können helfen, E-Learning ansprechender und wirkungsvoller zu gestalten. Während konstruktivistische, systemische oder konnektionistische Ansätze vor allem die Rahmenbedingungen und Wirkungsmöglichkeiten untersucht, betrachtet die __Cognitive Load Theory (CBT)__ die kognitive Belastung beim Lernen, und mit welchen Mitteln es erleichtert werden kann.* Bei der Gestaltung von E-Learning-Materialien sind viele konzeptuelle und gestalterische Entscheidungen zu treffen: Wie werden Bild und Text angeordnet und in welchem Verhältnis sind diese einzusetzen? Wann sind interaktive Elemente sinnvoll und wie sollten diese aufgebaut sein? Erfahrene E-Learning-Gestalter\*innen beantworten diese Fragen meist intuitiv oder mit Hilfe von User Testing-Methoden aus dem UX-Design. In diesem wachsenden Artikel sammele ich konkrete Anregungen aus der Cognitive Load Theory (CBT), die sich bei der Gestaltung von E-Learning-Einheiten anwenden lassen. Dabei werden bevorzugt solche Prinzipen gesammelt, die sich auf empirische Studien stützen. ***Hinweis zur Literaturrecherche*** *Mit der DOI lassen sich die Aufsätze mit dem Bibliothekskonto abrufen, zum Beispiel mit der [Staatsbibliothek Berlin](http://stabikat.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/) oder der Fernleihe der nächstgelegenen Bibliothek. Da die Verhandlungen zwischen dem [DEAL-PRojekt](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/DEAL_(Projekt)) und den Wissenschaftsverlagen seit 2018 stocken, behelfen sich nicht wenige Forschende bereits mit einem Abruf der Artikel bei einem der zahlreichen [Scihub-Klone](http://vertsluisants.fr/index.php?article4/where-scihub-libgen-server-down) (mehr zu der [Geschichte von Scihub](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sci-Hub#Geschichte_und_Verbreitung) bei Wikipedia).* ## Grundlagen **Einführungen** - [Wikipedia-Artikel zur Cognitive Load Theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_load) - Gute [Einführung](http://www.elearning-psychologie.de/clt.html) von Günter Daniel Rey, mit Auszügen aus seinem [Buch](https://www.hogrefe.de/shop/e-learning.html) "E-Learning .Theorien, Gestaltungsemp-fehlungen und Forschung" von 2014. - Kompakte Einführung bei Youtube von "3 Minute Ed Theory": [Teil 1 - Introduction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KbzmM30NXNQ), [Teil 2 - Working and Long Term Memory](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZcoGqi8aiuk), [Teil 3 - intrinsic, extraneous, germane](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IkH0EGYqWO0&t=6s), [Teil 4 . how to test learning?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWOvuR8sR0Q) **Artikel zur Übersicht** - John Sweller & Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer & Fred Paas (2019): [**Cognitive Architecture and Instructional Design: 20 Years Later**](https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10648-019-09465-5.pdf). Educational Psychology Review (2019) 31:261–292. doi:10.1007/s10648-019-09465-5 - John Sweller (2019): **Cognitive load theory and educational technology**. In: Educational Technology Research and Development. doi:10.1007/s11423-019-09701-3  **Monographien und Sammelbände** - **The Cambridge Handbook of Multimedia Learning**, 2nd, edition, hrsg. von Richard Mayer. Cambridge University Press 2014. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139547369 - *Der Band geht sehr ausführlich (in mehreren Aufsätzen) auf die einzelnen Prinzipien und veranschaulicht diese mit Beispielen aus elearning-Material, ich stelle das in einer Übersicht zusammen* - R. C. Clark, Richard E. Mayer (Eds.). e-Learning and the Science of Instruction (2016). doi:10.1002/9781119239086 ## CLT mit Fokus auf besondere Themen** ### Kollaboratives Lernen Kent, C., & Cukurova, M. (2020). Investigating Collaboration as a Process with Theory-driven Learning Analytics. Journal of Learning Analytics, 7(1), 59–71. doi:10.18608/jla.2020.71.5 (CC-BY-NC-ND) (Der Artikel ist noch work in progress) --- --- ## Ideen und Literaturhinweise https://hackmd.io/mYLlpKecQSKwX1jmAR2V2A?both# (hier weiter ergänzen) > Niegemann, Kompendium multimediales lernen, Kapitel 3; Kerres, Michael, Mediendidaktik sowie ergänzend dazu paivio/baddeley, duale Codierung. Echt hilfreich bei Contentgestaltung und didaktische Reduzierung > (Hinweis von Markus Erban im Corporate Learning-Channel auf Telegram) - Michael Kerres: **Mediendidaktik. Konzeption und Entwicklung mediengestützter Lernangebote**. 4. erw. und korr. Aufl. De Gruyter 2013. DOI:doi.org/10.1524/9783486736038 (Online-Ausgabe vorhanden) - **Kompendium multimediales Lernen**, hrsg. von Helmut M. Niegemann. Springer 2008. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-37226-4 (Online-Ausgabe vorhanden) - ...

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