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    # 蛋白質暨還原醣檢測 ## 一,實驗目的 學習生物體組成物質的檢測方式,並藉由實驗操作探討不同生組織樣本中含有哪些物質。 ## 二,實驗原理 ### 雙縮尿試劑 ![](https://i.imgur.com/Xvo47DV.jpg) 這個的檢測原理,主要是由蛋白質中的肽基與[Cu 2+]反應成紫色的```Copper peptide GHK-Cu```。 若蛋白質越多,則肽基也越多,進而行成更多```Copper peptide GHK-Cu```,顏色也就會越紫。 ### 本氏液 ![](https://i.imgur.com/rIymywV.gif) 這個的原理主要是由本氏液中的```Cu 2+```與還原醣的``` OH -```還原成```銅```,進而發生顏色變化。 若```OH-```的含量很多,也就是還原醣的含量多,則顏色變化越明顯,產生更多的```銅```,顏色也就越紅。 ### 脂質 脂質檢測。主要是藉由親油染色劑,包覆脂質細胞,產生染色區塊,其他區域便是無色的,進而判斷脂質的多寡。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/cJZHhhU.png) ```100蘿菠``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/q0iOovE.png) ```400蘿菠``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/KcVuIqe.png) ```400薑片``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/ZzdCe9Y.png) ```100薑片``` ## 三,實驗結果 > 雙縮尿 ![](https://i.imgur.com/N5uz2p7.png) ```由左至右則由高至低``` 分別為```蛋白```、```無糖豆漿```、```蜂蜜水```、```蒸餾水```、```甘蔗汁``` > 本氏液 ![](https://i.imgur.com/od7zWy2.png) ```由左至右則由低至高``` 分別為```蒸餾水```、```蔗糖水```、```高纖無糖豆漿```、```乳糖水```、```葡萄水```、```甘蔗汁```、```蜂蜜水```、```果糖水```。 > 脂質 ![](https://i.imgur.com/cJZHhhU.png) ```100蘿菠``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/q0iOovE.png) ```400蘿菠``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/KcVuIqe.png) ```400薑片``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/ZzdCe9Y.png) ```100薑片``` ## 四,討論 + 1. > 依據實驗結果推論,甜味的食物中(如甘蔗汁與蜂蜜水)都含有還原醣嗎? 不一定,可能該種醣類並非屬於還原醣 + 2. > 實驗中所使用的材料:甘蔗汁、蜂蜜水、5%葡萄糖、5%果糖、5%乳糖、5%蔗糖及蒸餾水,還原醣的含量多寡依序為何? 5%果糖>蜂蜜水>5%葡萄糖>5%乳糖>5%蔗糖>蒸餾水 ![](https://i.imgur.com/od7zWy2.png) ```由左至右分別由低至高``` ### 2. > 本活動在實驗設計、檢測方法中,有哪些可能的因素會影響結果的判定與詮釋? + 因為本氏液需要加熱以利進行反應,因此,若加熱時間過短,反應上圍完全結束,那便有可能造成顏色的誤差。 + 若檢測物質本身具有能夠氧化```銅```的物質,那便有可能在實驗中,氧化已還原的銅,進而導致顏色改變,實驗誤差。 生物體內的脂質(三酸甘油酯)主要儲存於脂肪細胞的油滴中。若想要檢測細胞中是否含有脂質,可使用辣椒紅素(或用蘇丹三號取代之)作為檢測試劑;辣椒紅素是一種疏水性的色素,與脂質的親和性高;因此,當樣本中 含有脂質時,便可被辣椒紅素染上色而呈現橙色,藉此進行脂質的檢測。 蛋白質為胺基酸的聚合物,一般常用雙縮脲試劑來檢驗之。雙縮脲試劑原本是用來檢測雙縮脲,但因蛋白質分子中含有許多與雙縮脲結構相似的肽鍵,因此也能使用雙縮脲試劑來檢驗。雙縮脲試劑主要由10% 氫氧化鈉 (NaOH)和0.5% 硫酸銅 (CuSO4)兩種溶液所組成。反應過程中,先將待測溶液以等量的 10% NaOH 溶液處理之,使其維持在鹼性環境中,再滴加三至五滴含0.5% CuSO4,的溶液以進行反應。反應過程中,蛋白質中的肽鍵會與藍色的 Cu2+ 結合,而形成紫紅色的錯合物,藉此進行蛋白質的檢測。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/M5Lth7l.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/15tcGri.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/mSf65j4.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/0HJCTx6.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/E35UbZt.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/CM1cJLX.png)

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