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    # Kaizen in Action - Kiro Harada [中] > 從這開始共筆,您可以分享任何聽到、學到的事物 :::info Kaizen is a Japanese word that means continuous improvements. Implementing a Kaizen is not difficult. But keeping improvements continue is difficult and needs a deep understanding of how Kaizen works. In this session, we briefly review how Kaizen has evolved and present patterns to keep kaizen continuous. ::: ### 講師介紹 - 敏捷教練,SCM 顧問 - 經歷:洗髮精行業顧問、IT # 改善 Kaizen - 連續的改進,因為團隊的軟體開發流程不同 - 是否能教會人騎自行車?大部分人都會,但要教會別人蠻難的 - 是否能教別人如何教孩子騎自行車?可以的,有具體步驟。 - 輔助輪與扶著他對學習效率無益 - 要做好防護,如安全帽 # 改善為何重要? - 改善是持續的提升,公司業績與團隊績效提升。 - 您的團隊/組織是否在進行改善呢? - 從個人談起,您是否在改善呢?是否對某件事情越來越擅長?是否太忙而沒空改善呢 - Kaizen翻譯成英文後是"持續性"的改善,且需要不停的進行,是無止無休的。 - 對改善危險的構想/假設 - 認為業績不夠好是因為做得不夠多 - 認為我沒有實現足夠多的目標,是因為我昨得不夠多 - 很多運動員的失敗是因為訓練太多了,過度的訓練終於把自己壓垮了 - 有些專業人士在監測運動員的狀態,給出建議 # 為何不在商業領域進行改善培訓? - Toyoda 織布機(1924)的例子 - 將近一百歲了,仍可以良好運轉 - 早期的設計: - 需要一名作業員不斷觀察監視 - 一旦稍加不注意,織布機便可能出錯,織出大量的廢布 - Toyoda的設計: - 當紗線斷了會自動停止 - 因為會自動停止,作業員稍做休息也沒關係 - 一個作業員可以同時處理60台織布機 - 只會生產品質優良的產品 - 改善不持續起因 - 總是想要做得更多 - 是通過增加其他流程來解決問題 # 你是否在改善? - 先問問自己是否在改善,老師開誠佈公地說自己不是 - 在改善前首先關注自己的健康狀況 - 用數據進行監控,監測自己的睡眠狀況 - 自己的改善是團隊改善的先決條件 - Muri - Mura - Muda - Muri:去除不必要的負擔,負擔來自於不平衡,工作過量過重。 # 團隊是否在改善? - 團隊要先確保自己沒有工作過量 # 改善的行動 - 創造空餘的時間,如果沒有空餘的時間便沒有辦法改善。 - 需要了解自己狀況如何 - 《The NOW HABIT》當下的習慣,把度假時間在日曆中設為最優先。 - 團隊對話:有了空餘時間,團隊也有了談話的時間,會開始談論流程與品質等。真正能暢所欲言,談論想解決的問題。 - 就問題達成共識 - 問題/解決方案 vs 事實/觀點 - 衡量品質好壞的標準是什麼?可以被衡量的便可以被歸類為可以觀察的問題。 - 缺乏解決方案不是一個問題 - 很多時候人們說出的是想法觀點,要蒐集事實以定義問題 - Mapping Value Stream,軟體的價值流描述如何向客戶交付價值 - 針對團隊的成員畫出技能圖表,技能要與價值流一致 - 有趣的小實驗 - 小朋友在做氣泡實驗,要讓氣泡比較長時間 - 問題是什麼、衡量目標在哪邊、解決方案哪些可行哪些不可行 - 可視化工具,可視化要頻繁的進行更新,可借用一些IT工具,例如:trello - 一次只變一個變量,多次重覆不同變量 - 基於集合的設計 - ECRS 不同類型的改善 - eliminate 如果有些事情不做,結果還是好的,這件事便是多餘的 - combine 結合 - rearrange 調整順序 - simply 簡化 - 分析缺陷 - 首先儘早讓缺陷顯現,例如:剎車片磨損指示探針,當剎車片變薄時指示器發出難聽的聲音 - 將品質納入流程當中 - 通過流程的更改,流程可能不再穩定 - 讓整個流程變成動態穩定 - 文檔的紀錄做為其他團隊的參考,每個團隊做的效果都很好便可以成為標準 - 導師指導 - 持續學習的過程,與其他團隊分享 - 持續的提升,實現改善 - Kaizen Patterns 持續改善的路線圖 - 首先要創造團隊談話的空間 # Kaizen 緣起 - Kaizen 緣起從1940年來,TWI 一份工作改善指南 - 1950年 TWI引進日本 - 能讓工作安全 # 結語 - 在強調個人健康全面的改善 - 您跟您的團隊是否有空間?這樣的喘息空間,讓你走上改善之旅 # Q&A - Are there any approaches to list up value stream or visualize it? - 現在還沒有關於軟體開發相關價值流的書籍。 - 也可以思考能不能創造自己的價值流 - 我們常常列出很多要改善的事情,但是團隊每個人想要或喜歡改善的事情都不一樣,我們要如何從眾多改善裡面,選出我們覺得重要的幾個?(因為一次改善1.2件事情好像是比較好的) - 選擇讓團隊感覺安全容易做的 - 若團隊還有餘裕,就可以再選擇幾件事情 - 讓團隊放鬆一下,有放鬆的時間聚集在一起,例如:工作之外的時間進行團隊開放的對話 - In lean/six sigma principle, they say "what you can't measure can't be improved". How do we balance that with Agile methodology where we focus more on outcomes vs. metrics? What would be the best way to "measure outcomes"? - 只關注數量的話可能會造成行為上的不當,先把問題討論清楚再採用量化的指標。 - 將成果以量化的方式描繪出來有利於比較,但不該只沉溺於數據 - How can we apply timeboxing/sprint planning to continuous improvement initiatives? - 時間箱技能也是需要鍛鍊的,持續的對話 - 讓時間箱變成可視化 - How to have team slack in an era of remote working? - 可以設置每周或每天固定的時間進行對話

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