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    --- title: 'GitHub Arduino Sensor IMU-BNO055 Readme' disqus: hackmd --- ## 實作九軸慣性感測器於Unity內即時無線傳輸控制方塊 --- [**HACKMD Link**](https://hackmd.io/@J-T-LEE/IMU-BNO055) [**GITHUB Link**](https://github.com/bmpsst511/Arduino_Wireless_Sensors/tree/master/IMU%20BNO055) 九軸慣性感測器主要構成有:三軸加速度計、三軸MEMS陀螺儀、三軸磁力計。 **三軸MEMS陀螺儀**:同時測定6個方向的位置,移動軌跡,加速。單軸的只能測量一個方向的量,也就是一個系統需要三個陀螺儀,而3軸的一個就能替代三個單軸的。 3軸的體積小、重量輕、結構簡單、可靠性好,是MEMS陀螺的發展趨勢。 **三軸壓電式加速度感測器**: 加速度計基本原理就是高中學過的力學知識,力和加速度的方向一致。 可以想像一個小球裝在一個感應的小盒子裡。水平放置的時候,重力使得小球與下表面接觸,下表面會產生一個向上的力,與重力相抵消,則產生一個向上的加速度,大小為G。我們假設IMU的測量範圍是正負16G,則測得向上加速度為16個G的時候,真實物體向上的加速度只有15個G。反之,向下測得有16個G的時候,真實加速度有17個G。 **三軸磁力計**: 磁力計是把磁場、電流、應力應變、溫度、光等外界因素引起敏感元件磁性能轉換成電信號,以這種方式來檢測相應物理量的器件。磁力計廣泛用於現代工業和電子產品中以感應磁場強度來測量電流、位置、方向等物理參數。在現有技術中,有許多不同類型的傳感器用於測量磁場和其他參數。 **轉換概念**:在n系中,加速度計輸出為,經過bCn(用四元數表示的轉換矩陣)轉換之後到b系中的值為;在b系中,加速度計的測量值為,現在和均表示在b系中的豎直向下的向量,由此,我們來做向量積(叉積),得到誤差,利用這個誤差來修正bCn矩陣,於是四元數就在這樣一個過程中被修正了。但是,由於加速度計無法感知z軸上的旋轉運動,所以還需要用地磁計來進一步補償。 加速度計在靜止時測量的是重力加速度,是有大小和方向的;同理,地磁計同樣測量的是地球磁場的大小和方向,只不過這個方向不再是豎直向下,而是與x軸(或者y軸)呈一個角度,與z軸呈一個角度。記作,假設x軸對準北邊,所以by=0,即。倘若知道bx和bz的精確值,那麼就可以採用和加速度計一樣的修正方法來修正。只不過在加速度計中,在n系中的參考向量是,變成了地磁計的。如果我們知道bx和bz的精確值,那麼就可以擺脫掉加速度計的補償,直接用地磁計和陀螺儀進行姿態解算,但是你看過誰只用陀螺儀和地磁計進行姿態解算嗎?沒有,因為沒人會去測量當地的地磁場相對於東北天坐標的夾角,也就是bx和bz(插曲:關於這個bx和bz的理解:可以對比重力加速度的理解,就像vx vy vz似的,因為在每一處的歸一化以後的重力加速度都是0 0 1然後旋轉到機體坐標系,而地球每一處的地磁大小都不一樣的,不能像重力加速度那樣直接旋轉得到了,只能用磁力計測量到的數據去強制擬合。)。那麼現在怎麼辦?前面已經講了,姿態解算就是求解旋轉矩陣,這個矩陣的作用就是將b系和n正確的轉化直到重合。現在我們假設nCb旋轉矩陣是經過加速度計校正後的矩陣,當某個確定的向量(b系中)經過這個矩陣旋轉之後(到n系),這兩個坐標系在XOY平面上重合,只是在z軸旋轉上會存在一個偏航角的誤差。 --- 實作 --- ### Fritzing 元件導入檔鏈結 [Adafruit](https://github.com/adafruit/Fritzing-Library) and [NodeMCU](https://github.com/roman-minyaylov/nodemcu-v3-fritzing) 感測器有別於一般常使用的**MPU6050,9150,9255**等,採用的是**Adafruit BNO055** 開發板則使用**NodeMCU V3**達到資料無線傳輸的目的。 ![九軸接線圖](https://i.imgur.com/Vsf9Ca7.png) 上圖為**NodeMCU V3**與**Adafruit BNO055**在軟體**Fritzing**內所繪的接線圖 https://hackmd.io/gcR12kBfRz2DqmJ97X_TVA# --- ### 程式碼 --- #### Arduino Adafruit Library安裝 [Adafruit_Sensor](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Sensor) [Adafruit_BNO055](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_BNO055) **Code Part**↓ ```clike= #include <Wire.h> #include <Adafruit_Sensor.h> #include <Adafruit_BNO055.h> #include <utility/imumaths.h> String PoseX, PoseY, PoseZ; /* Set the delay between fresh samples */ #define BNO055_SAMPLERATE_DELAY_MS (100) Adafruit_BNO055 bno = Adafruit_BNO055(55); /**************************************************************************/ /* Displays some basic information on this sensor from the unified sensor API sensor_t type (see Adafruit_Sensor for more information) */ /**************************************************************************/ void displaySensorDetails(void) { sensor_t sensor; bno.getSensor(&sensor); Serial.println("------------------------------------"); Serial.print ("Sensor: "); Serial.println(sensor.name); Serial.print ("Driver Ver: "); Serial.println(sensor.version); Serial.print ("Unique ID: "); Serial.println(sensor.sensor_id); Serial.print ("Max Value: "); Serial.print(sensor.max_value); Serial.println(" xxx"); Serial.print ("Min Value: "); Serial.print(sensor.min_value); Serial.println(" xxx"); Serial.print ("Resolution: "); Serial.print(sensor.resolution); Serial.println(" xxx"); Serial.println("------------------------------------"); Serial.println(""); delay(500); } void setup() { Serial.begin(115200); Serial.println("Orientation Sensor Test"); Serial.println(""); pinMode(TouchSensor, INPUT); /* Initialise the sensor */ if(!bno.begin()) { /* There was a problem detecting the BNO055 ... check your connections */ Serial.print("Ooops, no BNO055 detected ... Check your wiring or I2C ADDR!"); while(1); } /* Use external crystal for better accuracy */ bno.setExtCrystalUse(true); /* Display some basic information on this sensor */ displaySensorDetails(); } void loop() { /* Get a new sensor event */ sensors_event_t event; bno.getEvent(&event); imu::Vector<3> euler = bno.getVector(Adafruit_BNO055::VECTOR_EULER); /* Board layout: +----------+ | *| RST PITCH ROLL HEADING ADR |* *| SCL INT |* *| SDA ^ /-> PS1 |* *| GND | | PS0 |* *| 3VO Y Z--> \-X | *| VIN +----------+ */ /* The processing sketch expects data as roll, pitch, heading */ Serial.print((int)euler.x());Serial.print(";"); Serial.print((int)euler.y());Serial.print(";"); Serial.print((int)euler.z());Serial.print("\t"); PoseX = (int)euler.x(); PoseY = (int)euler.y(); PoseZ = (int)euler.z(); /* Also send calibration data for each sensor. */ uint8_t sys, gyro, accel, mag = 3; bno.getCalibration(&sys, &gyro, &accel, &mag); /* Serial.print(F("Calibration: ")); Serial.print(sys, DEC); Serial.print(F(" ")); Serial.print(gyro, DEC); Serial.print(F(" ")); Serial.print(accel, DEC); Serial.print(F(" ")); Serial.println(mag, DEC);*/ Serial.print("\r\n"); delay(BNO055_SAMPLERATE_DELAY_MS); } ``` --- 無線傳輸 Wireless Transmission --- NodeMCU為客戶端,使用UDP架構來傳輸慣性感測器資料。 NodeMCU set as a client and carries out the wireless data transmission with UDP protocol. ```clike= /** WIFI LIBRARY PART**/ #include <ESP8266WiFi.h> #include <WiFiClient.h> #include <WiFiUDP.h> /** WIFI LIBRARY PART**/ #include <Wire.h> #include <Adafruit_Sensor.h> #include <Adafruit_BNO055.h> #include <utility/imumaths.h> #include <Servo.h> /** WIFI分享器設定 **/ const char* ssid ="你看不到我"; const char* password = "你以為我會打出來嗎...!?"; const char ip[]="192.168.XX.XXX"; //分享器給你Server的IP位址 /** WIFI分享器設定 **/ String PoseX, PoseY, PoseZ; /* Set the delay between fresh samples */ #define BNO055_SAMPLERATE_DELAY_MS (100) Adafruit_BNO055 bno = Adafruit_BNO055(55); /** 指定Port 且設置為客戶端**/ WiFiServer server(27); WiFiUDP Client; /** 指定Port 且設置為客戶端**/ /**************************************************************************/ /* Displays some basic information on this sensor from the unified sensor API sensor_t type (see Adafruit_Sensor for more information) */ /**************************************************************************/ void displaySensorDetails(void) { sensor_t sensor; bno.getSensor(&sensor); Serial.println("------------------------------------"); Serial.print ("Sensor: "); Serial.println(sensor.name); Serial.print ("Driver Ver: "); Serial.println(sensor.version); Serial.print ("Unique ID: "); Serial.println(sensor.sensor_id); Serial.print ("Max Value: "); Serial.print(sensor.max_value); Serial.println(" xxx"); Serial.print ("Min Value: "); Serial.print(sensor.min_value); Serial.println(" xxx"); Serial.print ("Resolution: "); Serial.print(sensor.resolution); Serial.println(" xxx"); Serial.println("------------------------------------"); Serial.println(""); delay(500); } void setup() { Serial.begin(115200); /** 上電後執行WIFI連線與顯示相關資訊**/ WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA); Serial.println("Orientation Sensor Test"); Serial.println(""); WiFi.begin(ssid,password); Serial.println("Connecting"); while(WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { delay(500); Serial.print("."); } Serial.print("Connected to "); Serial.println(ssid); Serial.print("IP Address: "); Serial.println(WiFi.localIP()); // Start the UDP client Client.begin(27); /** 上電後執行WIFI連線與顯示相關資訊**/ /* Initialise the sensor */ if(!bno.begin()) { /* There was a problem detecting the BNO055 ... check your connections */ Serial.print("Ooops, no BNO055 detected ... Check your wiring or I2C ADDR!"); while(1); } /* Use external crystal for better accuracy */ bno.setExtCrystalUse(true); /* Display some basic information on this sensor */ displaySensorDetails(); } void loop() { /*Get a new sensor event */ sensors_event_t event; bno.getEvent(&event); imu::Vector<3> euler = bno.getVector(Adafruit_BNO055::VECTOR_EULER); /* Board layout: +----------+ | *| RST PITCH ROLL HEADING ADR |* *| SCL INT |* *| SDA ^ /-> PS1 |* *| GND | | PS0 |* *| 3VO Y Z--> \-X | *| VIN +----------+ */ /* The processing sketch expects data as roll, pitch, heading */ Serial.print((int)euler.x());Serial.print(";"); Serial.print((int)euler.y());Serial.print(";"); Serial.print((int)euler.z());Serial.print("\t"); PoseX = (int)euler.x(); PoseY = (int)euler.y(); PoseZ = (int)euler.z(); /* Also send calibration data for each sensor. */ uint8_t sys, gyro, accel, mag = 3; bno.getCalibration(&sys, &gyro, &accel, &mag); /* Serial.print(F("Calibration: ")); Serial.print(sys, DEC); Serial.print(F(" ")); Serial.print(gyro, DEC); Serial.print(F(" ")); Serial.print(accel, DEC); Serial.print(F(" ")); Serial.println(mag, DEC);*/ Serial.print("\r\n"); /**開始發送資料給Server端 **/ // Send the distance to the client, along with a break to separate our messages Client.beginPacket(ip,27); //前面指定的Port Client.println(PoseX+";"+PoseY+";"+PoseZ); Client.endPacket(); delay(BNO055_SAMPLERATE_DELAY_MS); /**開始發送資料給Server端 **/ } ``` --- Unity 接收並控制方塊旋轉 --- {%youtube NqKCRLLRfbo %} --- Unity程式碼↓ --- ```clike= using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using UnityEngine; //引入庫 using System.Net; using System.Net.Sockets; using System.Text; using System.Threading; public class IMU_Unity_Server : MonoBehaviour { //以下默認都是私有的成員 Socket socket; //目標socket EndPoint clientEnd; //客户端 IPEndPoint ipEnd; //偵聽端口 public float yaw, pitch, roll; string recvStr; //接收的字符串 string sendStr; //發送的字符串 byte[] recvData = new byte[1024]; //接收的數據,必須為字節 byte[] sendData = new byte[1024]; //發送的數據,必須為字節 int recvLen; //接收的數據長度 Thread connectThread; //連接線程 void InitSocket() { //定義偵聽端口,偵聽任何IP ipEnd = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 28); //定義套接字類型,在主線程中定義 socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Dgram, ProtocolType.Udp); //服務端需要綁定ip socket.Bind(ipEnd); //定義客戶端 IPEndPoint sender = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 0); clientEnd = (EndPoint)sender; print("waiting for UDP dgram"); //開啟一個線程連接,必須的,否則主線程卡死 connectThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(SocketReceive)); connectThread.Start(); } void SocketReceive() { //進入接收循環 while (true) { //對data清零 recvData = new byte[1024]; //獲取客戶端,獲取客戶端數據,用引用給客戶端賦值 recvLen = socket.ReceiveFrom(recvData, ref clientEnd); //print("message from: " + clientEnd.ToString()); //列印客户端信息 //輸出接收到的數據 recvStr = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(recvData, 0, recvLen); //print(recvStr); char[] splitChar = { ' ', ',', ':', '\t', ';' }; string[] dataRaw = recvStr.Split(splitChar); yaw = float.Parse(dataRaw[0]); pitch = float.Parse(dataRaw[1]); roll = float.Parse(dataRaw[2]); } } //連接關閉 void SocketQuit() { //關閉線程 if (connectThread != null) { connectThread.Interrupt(); connectThread.Abort(); } //最後關閉socket if (socket != null) socket.Close(); print("disconnect"); } // Start is called before the first frame update void Start() { InitSocket(); //在這裡初始化server } // Update is called once per frame void FixedUpdate() { //print(FlexVal); this.transform.rotation = Quaternion.Euler(roll, yaw, pitch);//BNO055 } void OnApplicationQuit() { SocketQuit(); } } ``` Reference --- [DCM IMU:Theory Drift cancellation](http://www.ent.mrt.ac.lk/~rohan/teaching/EN4562/LectureNotes/Lec%203%20IMU%20Theory.pdf) [Adafruit](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-bno055-absolute-orientation-sensor/arduino-code) ###### tags: `GITHUB`

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