盧勁綸
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    ###### tags: `數學` `數學教室` `國高中數學` `生活中的數學` # 生活中的數學 - 信紙與根號2 因為擔心會不會超過平信8塊錢的郵資(重量是20公克),所以查了下20公克大概是幾張紙的重量,然後看到一些常用紙張尺寸的規定。 --- ## 重量 1. A4 - 長:297mm - 寬:210mm - 面積 $= 29.7\ \times 21 = 623.7$ cm^2^ $= 0.06237$ m^2^ 買紙時常見的80磅紙,其實是指每一平方公尺重80公克,所以我們得到一張A4紙重 $0.06237\ \times 80 = 4.9896$ 公克,大約$5$公克 假設信封跟郵票共重$0.5$ 公克,則我們可以放到3張紙左右(這裡不考慮將紙裁剪)。 2. B5 - 長:257mm - 寬:182mm - 面積 $= 25.7\ \times 18.2 = 467.74$ cm^2^ $=0.046774$ m^2^ - 重量:$0.046774\ \times 80 = 3.74192$ 公克,大約$3.742$ 公克 假設信封加郵票$0.5$ 公克,令可以放$n$張紙,則 $3.742\ \times n + 0.5 \leq 20$ $\Rightarrow n \leq 5.211...$ 所以我們可以放最多5張B5的紙在信封裡。 --- ## A4 是什麼?? A4 怎麼來的,觀察它的長寬,將長除以寬大約是$1.414$,這個數字就是國中我們記的$\sqrt{2}$的近似值,而除法的動作就像是在給這兩個數字比例關係,我們知道A4紙的長寬比是$\sqrt{2} : 1$。 那A3呢?其實將A3沿著長的那邊對著,裁開後就是A4,也就是說,A3的面積是A4的兩倍,經過計算知道A3的長寬比也是$\sqrt{2} : 1$ --- ## $\sqrt{2}:1$ 我想,為了方便,人們希望只要制定最一開始的紙張尺寸,剩下的都可以用它裁切得到,並且規格還能一致,最方便的裁法我想就是對折再切。(切長的那一邊) - Q: 那一開始的比例應該要怎麼訂才能得到全部的紙張比例都一樣? 令紙張的某一邊為$1$,另一邊為$x$,假設$x > 1$ 和 $\displaystyle{\frac{x}{2}} < 1$,(確保從$x$那邊切半後會變成寬) 因為切半後長寬比要一樣,所以$1 : x = \displaystyle{\frac{x}{2}} : 1$ 我們得到 $x = \sqrt{2}$ 也就是一開始的長寬比是$\sqrt{2}:1$ --- ## A0的大小 看資料發現,A0紙是A版紙的標準,其他A開頭的紙都是從這個下去切的(對折切半),而A0的面積是$1$ m^2^,那他的長跟寬呢? 我們令它的寬為$x$ m,長為$\sqrt{2}\ x$ m 則$1 = x\ \cdot \sqrt{2}\ x = \sqrt{2}\ x^2$ $\Rightarrow x = \sqrt{\displaystyle{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}}} = 2^{\frac{-1}{4}} \thickapprox 0.8409$ m 所以 長 $= 2^{\frac{1}{4}} \thickapprox 1.189$ m 寬 $= 0.8409$ m 實際去查發現A0的長為$1189$ mm ,寬為$841$ mm 跟我們求得的值很符合。 ### 參考資料 [A4纸尺寸的由来?](https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/1541865663854440747.html) {%hackmd XLFYqwvTTaiUGmzsCiFAIw %}

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