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# 使用 Spring data jpa 完成 Restful/CRUD # 什麼是 Restful? Representational State Transfer,簡稱REST,它是一種網路架構風格,他並不是一種標準。 而 RESTful 可以這樣子想像: 美麗 (Beauty) 的事物可以稱為 Beautiful; 設計為 REST 的系統就可以稱為 RESTful 以 API 而言,假設我們正在撰寫一組待辦事項的 API, 可能會有以下方式來作為 API 的 interface: 獲取使用者資料 /getAllUsers 獲取使用者資料 /getUser/1 新增使用者資料 /createUser 更新使用者資料 /updateUser/1 刪除使用者資料 /deleteUser/1 若是以 REST 風格來開發 RESTful API 的話: 獲取使用者資料 /GET /users 獲取使用者資料 /GET /user/1 新增使用者資料 /POST /user 更新使用者資料 /PUT /user/1 刪除使用者資料 /DELETE /user/1 兩者差異是在於 RESTful API 充分地使用了 HTTP protocol (GET/POST/PUT/DELETE),達到: 以直觀簡潔的資源 URI 並且善用 HTTP Verb 達到對資源的操作 並使用 Web 所接受的資料類型: JSON, XML, YAML 等,最常見的是 JSON 通常是使用 HTTP, URI, JSON, HTML 這些現有廣泛流行的協議和標準,且使用 HTTP status code 來代表該資源的狀態。 框架中強制使用 REST 風格的最有名的應該就是 Ruby on Rails 了! p.s. 因為 REST 並非是一種標準,因此有時候也不一定非得要照著 REST 來做, 只是在資源的操作面上,可以設計成這類的風格,以達到簡潔易懂,並且可重用。 # Restful 優缺點 RESTful 的優點如下所列: 瀏覽器即可以作為 client 端 可以更高效地利用 cache 來達到更快的回應速度 界面與資料分離 節省伺服器的計算資源 可重用! web/android/ios 都可以用, 無痛轉換! RESTful 的要求: * client - server 架構 分層系統 利用快取機制增加效能 * server-side: 在 GET 資源時,若該資源並沒有被變更,就可以利用 cache 機制減少 query,並且加快回應速度 * client-side: 透過 client 端 cache 記錄 cache 版本, 若向 server 要求資源時發現 server 最新版與 cache 相同, 則 client 端直接取用本地資源即可,不需要再做一次查詢 省機器運算及流量 = 省錢 通訊協定具有無狀態性 不能讓兩隻 API 做同一個動作! 假設完成轉賬手續必須先 call A 再 call B 的話, 若做完 A 後斷線導致 B 無法執行,後續要處理 A -> B 的方式會很麻煩 且不應該假設伺服器知道目前的狀態! 因此設計出來的 API 不能有狀態性 統一界面 使用 HTTP Verb: GET/POST/PUT/DELETE 轉載 [](https://)https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/articles/10157674 # Service Interface 那麼我們把上一次的 service 升級為 restful 風格吧! ```java package com.example.demo.service; import java.util.List; import java.util.Optional; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import com.example.demo.entity.UserEntity; public interface IUserService { UserEntity saveUser(UserEntity userEntity); UserEntity updateUser(UserEntity userEntity); List<UserEntity> getdAllUser(); UserEntity getUser(Integer userId); void delUser(Integer userId); } ``` # Service Implements ```java package com.example.demo.service.impl; import java.util.List; import java.util.Optional; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import com.example.demo.dao.UsersDao; import com.example.demo.entity.UserEntity; import com.example.demo.service.IUserService; @Service public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService { @Autowired private UsersDao userDao; @Override public UserEntity saveUser(UserEntity userEntity) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return userDao.save(userEntity); } @Override public UserEntity updateUser(UserEntity userEntity) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return userDao.saveAndFlush(userEntity); } @Override public List<UserEntity> getdAllUser() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return userDao.findAll(); } @Override public UserEntity getUser(Integer userId) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return userDao.findById(userId).get(); } @Override public void delUser(Integer userId) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub userDao.deleteById(userId); } } ``` # Controller ```java package com.example.demo.web.controller; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.Optional; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.DeleteMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PutMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import com.example.demo.dao.UsersDao; import com.example.demo.entity.UserEntity; import com.example.demo.service.IUserService; @RestController @RequestMapping("/users") public class UserController { @Autowired IUserService userService; @PostMapping("/save") public UserEntity save (@RequestBody UserEntity userEntity) { return userService.saveUser(userEntity); } @PutMapping("/update") public UserEntity update(@RequestBody UserEntity userEntity) { return userService.updateUser(userEntity); } @GetMapping("/getAll") public List<UserEntity> getAllUser() { return userService.getdAllUser(); } @GetMapping("/get/{id}") public UserEntity getUserById(@PathVariable(name = "id") Integer employeeId) { return userService.getUser(employeeId); } @DeleteMapping("/del/{id}") public void delUserById(@PathVariable(name = "id") Integer employeeId) { userService.delUser(employeeId); } } ``` # PostMan 注意 Raw 那邊選用 json 格式 # Save ![](https://i.imgur.com/BUTxPJ5.png) ``` action : post api url : http://localhost:8080/users/save body : { "age" : 55, "name" : "test" } ``` 我們的 Entity 層有寫 @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO) id會 自動遞增 ``` @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO) ``` # Update ![](https://i.imgur.com/DZPvnDn.png) ``` action : put api url : http://localhost:8080/users/update body : { "age" : 56, "name" : "test" } ``` 我們的 Entity 層有寫 @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO) # Get ![](https://i.imgur.com/DU7Xsht.png) ``` action : put api url : http://localhost:8080/users/getAll ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/QARabfJ.png) ``` action : put api url : http://localhost:8080/users/get/1 ``` # Delete ![](https://i.imgur.com/CySIUSc.png) ``` action : Delete api url : http://localhost:8080/users/del/1 ``` 上述這些動作可以看到 Spring cosole 的動作 ![](https://i.imgur.com/owHA2kL.png) 這些所有動作都交給我的Spring Boot 去幫我操作 Crud 所以我們就不用 學習每個資料庫只要知道怎調用就好,常常有人說 這樣的話 在進行一些 資料上比較要細部調教的話 會有效能的問題,一般來說 可以用 Mybatis 自己寫 sql 。

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