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[![hackmd-github-sync-badge](https://hackmd.io/_MRGny89Rmi-DgjU820Yfw/badge)](https://hackmd.io/_MRGny89Rmi-DgjU820Yfw) Git與Github可以說是資訊人/軟體工程必備技能,Git版控管理程式碼、Github查找/分享/參與開源程式碼都是相當常用但初學者需要熟悉的主題。在[第一天](https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/articles/10233234)、[第二天](https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/articles/10233252)定性什麼是多媒體系統、[第三天](https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/articles/10233530)認識Python開發環境後,本日進入到git版本控制及repo資源庫,並結合後續的開發情境介紹。 ## Git ![](https://i.imgur.com/jJZtXEJ.png) - Git是版本控制以差異備份的方式記錄文件變化,並且有回溯前幾次版本的功能,特色是能紀錄每次更新異動,方便開分支修改功能協作,以及決定最終何種修正功能可以commit到主幹佈署。 - 版本控制的視覺化 ![](https://i.imgur.com/yanKW2S.png) - 本系列文後續會配合Heroku有使用git上傳檔案的需求,但只需要幾個常用指令(佈署後heroku也會有提示,請放心)。 ``` $ git add. $ git commit -am "增/刪/改的功能描述" $ git push heroku master ``` - 以及查看狀態的 ``` $ git status ``` ### 建立git版本控制環境 - 沒意外的話初學者電腦是windows系統, 就以windows示範,其餘系統官網也有教學。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/jqxtEvN.png) - 安裝過程有改動的設定: - 預設編輯器改為VS CODE ![](https://i.imgur.com/hADHbMG.png) - Git Bash改為用windows console ![](https://i.imgur.com/aRxjJmu.png) - 安裝完成 - 執行CMD確認是否安裝完成 ![](https://i.imgur.com/QTvk5dk.png) - 初始化你的git環境 ```shell C:\Users\user>git config --global user.name "你的名字" C:\Users\user>git config --global user.email "和你的信箱" ``` - 先告一段落,進一步了解git參閱[這篇介紹](https://gitbook.tw/chapters/introduction/what-is-git.html)。 ## Github ![](https://i.imgur.com/QZisHEM.png) - https://github.com/ - ~~宅IT的FB~~ - 從開源到微軟收購,難得尚未搞砸而且富爸爸還給更多免費資源!下圖是當初網友揶揄的圖,但現在每人都可以免費創建3個非公開repo,另2019年11月GitHub還以膠卷的形式將[開源程式碼儲存於北極地區的挪威冰山裡](https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/58552/github-arctic-code-vault),或許也包含你的開源貢獻!![](https://i.imgur.com/Z3LvYWH.png) - 探索並查看各種開源的Repositories(程式集,簡稱repo) - Fork、Star、下載Repositories - 查看Repositories的Fork from、commit歷史紀錄 - 你可以fork回來修改後PR回去,直接參與專案! - 以Python的Line Bot Sdk為例 - 網址: https://github.com/line/line-bot-sdk-python ![](https://i.imgur.com/U6AYnnf.png) - git跟GitHub的差別 - GitHub 的本體是一個 Git 伺服器,但這個網站上的應用程式讓大家可以透過 Web 介面來操作一些原本需要複雜的 Git 指令才能做到的事。雖然 GitHub 很好用,但別忘了 Git 才是本體喔。 https://gitbook.tw/chapters/introduction/what-is-git.html - 查閱repo的介紹-README檔 ![](https://i.imgur.com/ixaJw6V.png) - 附加功能 - 可以作為置放靜態網頁的GitHub Pages服務,甚至架個人部落格,有興趣可以參閱[HEXO](https://hexo.io/zh-tw/)。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/9AUsUtY.png) - 可以作為程式碼跨平台顯示的GitHub Gist ## 小結 - 簡單整理今天分享的內容: - 想要站在巨人的肩膀上,開源的repo總可找到你可用的資源,github是你的好朋友。 - 想要對自己/團隊的Code管理與負責,git是必須的。 - 謝謝觀看,我們下篇見!

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