Jans 健康管理
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    # 減醣飲食-三大營養素速查與實踐技巧 ## 何謂減醣飲食 - 很多人想要減重,隨手 Google 一查會看到熱門的關鍵字「減醣飲食」、「211 餐盤」、「168 間歇性斷食」....等等,好像看起來很簡單但又有點不知道該怎麼下手對吧? 那就先來了解一下這些基本觀念吧! 現代人其實運動量少,醣分容易攝取過量導致肥胖、高血脂、高血壓、糖尿病等三高與代謝症候群風險,能調整原本進食選擇的習慣學習,改採取減醣飲食減重維持健康是一個很好的開始,身體也能加速排出滯留的水份與老廢物質,積極控制入口的食物份量與採取讓身體代謝系統不負擔的營養比例,搭配運動減重才更能事半功倍。 醣類即是碳水化合物類的食物,但不包括「纖維」。因為纖維不會被腸胃消化,會在腸道與腸菌代謝出脂肪酸,不會被代謝分解為葡萄糖,因此可以扣除。 「減醣」即將原本一整天飲食中的醣類食物比例「減少」,例如:原本一天攝取 220g 醣,減少為 100g 醣。並不是將醣類直接「**歸零**」喔! ![](https://i.imgur.com/7yR8ghE.jpg) 我們透過熱量控制法來作為評估相對營養量的尺標,是一種方便的減醣估計法!為了減重減脂,請要先知道自己的「基礎代謝率(BMR) & 活動量」,可以得到概估的 TDEE 值 (一日總需求熱量),加以設定計畫目標攝取的熱量不大於 TDEE 就可以得到產生減重效果的熱量赤字。 👉 [按此線上幫你計算 TDEE 是多少](https://ifitness.tw/bmr-and-tdee/ ) 你需要知道: 三大營養素一般是指能提供身體熱量的「碳水化合物、蛋白質、脂肪」,減醣飲食中我們通常會針對碳水化合物其中的「醣份」,設定「**調低**」攝取熱量比,將蛋白質與脂肪熱量比「調高」,如果不會計算就直接看下方的查表也方便唷 ! 也需要記住: 1g 醣類 / 蛋白質 提供 4大卡 1g 脂肪 提供 9 大卡 1g 膳食纖維 提供 2 大卡 (脂肪酸) 1g 酒精 提供 7 大卡 那麼到底該怎麼估算我該吃多少熱量與營養比例呢? 現在就舉個例子如下: (來一起算數學囉~) 假設你估算出「每天都要運動」條件下一日 TDEE 需要約 1700 大卡(因為要減重,我們可扣掉 300 大卡,且有高於基礎代謝率 BMR),可以得到估計熱量赤字值為 1400 大卡(即為 RDA 建議計劃攝取量 ) 如果你的 TDEE 扣掉 300 大卡後會小於基礎代謝率(BMR),請就直接先以你的 BMR 作為 RDA 基準。 簡單好記的比大小原則就是 ==「TDEE > **RDA** ≥ BMR」== 不要低於 BMR 是讓身體不要誤判為自己遭遇了饑荒,反而更努力儲存脂肪。 TDEE 數值因為是以人群平均統計公式估算的,如果你有測量 Inbody 報告請優先參考,會比只看身高體重的估計值更精確。 計畫中,醣類+蛋白質+脂肪的攝取量比例,加起來請要湊滿 100% ~ 要採用減醣飲食,理想目標可以是:醣類 20% 蛋白質 40% 脂肪 40% 一開始也可循序漸進先從「醣類 30% 蛋白質 30% 脂肪 40%」開始練習,請依據個人體況回饋調整並不需要一下子就直接改為 醣類 20% 或更低,以免身體不適應產生諸多不良反應。 ## 三大營養素速查表 - 舉例,請看下方對照表 如果我要滿足 RDA 1400 大卡,且醣類 20% 蛋白質 40% 脂肪 40% 一天就是需要 : **醣類 70g、蛋白質 140g、脂肪 62g** ==醣類-攝取量速查表== ![](https://i.imgur.com/0gs0yJI.png) ==蛋白質-攝取量速查表== ![](https://i.imgur.com/0tHAAOL.png) ==脂肪-攝取量速查表== ![](https://i.imgur.com/FSI2LKr.png) ## 如何統計我的攝取熱量比例 - 當我知道三大營養素的營養攝取量之後要怎麼換算盛裝食物的重量呢? 這時候就可以學習對照看看已經有專家整理好的 [食物代換表](https://www.hpa.gov.tw/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeid=485&pid=8380) 囉! 查表可以大略知道一份醣或一份蛋白質的食物大約是多少(g)重 例如: 飯 約 1/4碗 40g 為一份醣 (15g) 一個全蛋就是一份蛋白質 (7g) 35g 肉或魚大約含一份蛋白質 (7g) 也同時會含有脂肪 50g 蝦或毛豆大約含一份蛋白質 (7g) 很簡單的方法,大家試試看吧 ! 如果是搭配使用 [FatSecret APP](https://www.vogue.com.tw/beautyblog/caterina/article/4850) 記錄每日飲食內容會更清楚掌握攝取量喔 ! 在 APP 中輸入你的 RDA 目標數據與每餐飲食內容物分量就可以自動幫你概估計算攝取量了,也方便回顧自己最近吃了什麼。 如果使用 [Cofit APP](https://events.cofit.me/cofitme) 服務,也能輕鬆的進行科學化飲食紀錄,並且與社群上的朋友一起學習交流,參加研習課程。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/W1waptZ.png) 因為不同人每日實際 TDEE 的身體需求仍有個體差異,會因為工作量、運動量而變動,如果查詢一天需求大約是 1600 大卡,但吃了三餐仍總覺得餓,就可能是實際需求要再提高,或者要檢查食物內容蛋白質與脂肪比例是否不足要校正哦! 用餐順序,一般來說可蔬菜類、蛋白質優先進食為原則,避免吃加工食品、精緻澱粉、含糖飲料。如果原本是胃不好的朋友,建議務必蛋白質先使用,不適合吃糙米的話也可以吃一些白米飯沒有關係,因為至少米飯的澱粉結構仍是原態,只要不吃過量,仍比麵條麵包造成的影響小很多。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/3WkzHk9.jpg) 減重後身體組成比例會變動,例如水分降低、體脂率減少,能用 Inbody 測量獲得建議數據來調整攝取計畫會更好,肌肉的比例也是很重要的,因此通常透過減醣飲食減重後,第二階段就要規劃展開肌力訓練會更棒,有助修飾身材線條與增肌! 水分攝取的部分建議至少為個人體重kg x 30~40cc,如果還不喜歡喝開水,也可以用氣泡水喔! ## 何謂 211 飲食法? - 211 是目視食物餐盤「體積」來進行飲食管理的常用方式,省略學習計算食物 g 克數重量,所以是新手執行減醣飲食的簡便方法。 一份餐盤中包含:兩份蔬菜、一份蛋白質、一份全穀類簡稱 211,另外加上適量好油 ( Omega 3, Omega 9 的可稱為好脂肪,這部分會另外專題跟大家講解 ),通常用圓形餐盤來示範。 新手先習慣 211 比例餐盤之後,應該就能在執行第一階段約一個月感受到身體多餘水分排出的減重體驗,也可以視需要再搭配運動、進階酌量減少全穀類,相對提高蛋白質或好的脂肪食物比例(例如:對身體有益的高脂鯖魚當雙主菜就可以兼顧) 若要精準控制飲食管理,仍建議要學習計算營養量來配餐喔!買一個簡便的食物秤,搭配家中的食物容器就可以練習掌握食物份量/重量,很快能學會目測評估與紀錄食物攝取量的技巧。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/w6M5028.jpg) ## 何謂 168 間歇性斷食? - [168 間歇性斷食](https://campaign.commonhealth.com.tw/main/168-IF-481) 是一種控制自己進食時段區間的技巧,一天中進食時間範圍自己約束在 8 小時內,可分為三餐或兩餐攝取一日足夠的 RDA 營養量。其餘 16 小時(包含睡眠時間)則不攝取巨量營養素,只能喝無糖/軟性飲料,如此可以讓身體減少分泌胰島素、自然多燃燒脂肪的好處。 進食時間的選擇「請要依據個人作息」需求而定,如果是晨型工作者,建議略過晚餐的方式優於略過早餐,例如:早上 9:00 至晚上 17:00 為進食時間,可避免衍生膽結石問題或壓力性的空腹血糖受損問題。而略過早餐時段的方式則通常設定為第一餐從中午 12:00 至晚上 20:00,蠻適合作息可以較晚起床上班的上班族,大原則就是起床後第一餐時間不要離實際起床時間間隔太久,如果長期都起床後間隔超過3小時才開始進食,膽汁也容易淤積結晶,身體也會習慣要自行升糖來應付活動需求。 一般來說 168 是屬於進階飲食管理技巧,==新手建議應該先學習好執行好減醣飲食==、建立運動習慣再評估是否需要銜接 168 間歇性斷食,如果一開始就急著做 168,同時要顧慮的事情很多出錯機率就相對高,對身體來說也可能出現適應不良的情況。尤其學生族早上要上課,晚上也可能還要補習十分需要體力,非常不建議略過早餐或沒吃晚餐喔~ **注意!!!** 如有糖尿病、脂肪肝+膽結石患者則不建議自行操作 168 間歇性斷食,==應先與營養師討論評估適用性==,避免空腹血糖控制不穩定、發生低血糖風險或長時間未進食導致原有的膽結石症狀惡化問題,由於這種情況時有所聞,所以 **特別提醒大家注意** 要先評估了解自己體況風險因素,確認安全無虞再開始執行,以免傷害身體得不償失。 ## 想要進階學習 給你優惠鼓勵! - 如果你「已經拿到營養師處方」,想知道更多如何執行的細節或補充生理營養學基礎知識、或對醫師的減重指示還有不懂的地方亦可提供線上衛教。 網路無國界,研習均可以遠距通話、共讀經過醫師專家審定的資料書籍方式進行,每次講解一小時內課程費用可搭配公益方案優惠減免。 請透過官方帳號 : LINE ID : [@jans](https://lin.ee/j7l1xVR) 聯繫預約時間,可研習交流指導的相關保健主題請 [參考這篇](http://talk.jans.tw),謝謝大家 !

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