# Institutions in a 'Post-technological' Society
# “后技术”社会机制

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> *本文系在纽约MOMA的专题发言稿（1972.1.8-9）
1972 MOMA “The Universitas Project”

In January 1972, The Museum of Modern Art hosted "The Universitas Project," a two-day conference sponsored by the Museum's International Council and the Institute for Architecture and Urban Studies. The distinguished participants, including Jean Baudrillard, Umberto Eco, Gyorgy Kepes, Octavio Paz, and Meyer Schapiro, engaged in a multidisciplinary debate on the future of design and design institutions in the postindustrial era.

The Universitas Project Emilio Ambasz
"a critical and prospective inquiry into the relation of man to the natural and the sociocultural environment... specifically planned to explore the possibility of establishing in the United States a new type of institution centered around the task of evaluating and designing the man-made milieu."
http://radical-pedagogies.com/search-cases/a18-universitas-project-museum-modern-art-moma/

> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Ambasz
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* The future society will not be an industrial society but an **urban society**.
未来的社会，将不再是“工业社会”，而是“都市社会”。
* The term '**design**' in the American sense is full of meaning and hopes.The designer, a real demi-god(demiurge), would capable of modifying the environment and creat a new space so long as he is supplied with new values.
对“自由”的设计所寄予的期望——对比建筑/规划设计

1. -关于Emilio Ambasz的讨论（工程领导者）
总体的改变从何说起？

2. -关于实验大学的建设讨论
符号学家的批判
“This semiology was caught in a cross-fire: on the one hand, the realists, including M. Schapiro and the economists, referred to the practical aspects of the construction and constitution of the city; on the other, the leftists and the ultra-leftists who showed that signs and significants inevitably emanated today from the failed and condemned society.”

1. -关于Christopher Alexander的讨论
为何放弃参数化，放弃将控制论应用于建筑

1. -阿兰·图莱纳：大学应该生产知识，而不是意识形态

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**‘space, the production of space, and the political economy of space'
《空间、空间的生产和空间政治经济学》**

* 导论
* **政治经济学的危机**
* 对不动产的提倡与空间的动产化
* 走向空间政治经济学
* 空间的生产

政治经济学危机与语言学、历史学危机之差别

语言学：二元性的破除
'signifier-signified' (Saussure and his school).
the notion of **value** （价值的观念）plays a decisive and specific role even in linguistics: value attaches itself to the polysemy of all words: the relationship signifier-signified, real or reality is not univocal and depends on 'values' which are not simply connotations or elements of a second degree but specific ensembles.

历史学：
否定历史的批评-一种积极的批评（the modern world is entering a world 'time' that cannot be thought of any longer according to a traditional historicity but in terms of the concept of 'strategy'.）

各学科对社会“**生产关系的再生产**”的无视。
他们把作为一门学科的政治经济学和作为实践、技术、权利行为的政治经济学混为一谈。他们的”模型化“，越来越有意识地被精心加工成了为国家权利服务、为它确定目标的东西。