# Beautiful Trouble 摘譯 [作業版本]

* Beautiful Trouble 是一本抗爭工具書，分成戰術、原則、理論與案例研究四個部分。[官方網站](http://beautifultrouble.org/)上可以閱讀所有的條目。
* 本摘譯計畫目的在於摘譯讓大家方便檢索這本工具書。
* 目前先以[最初版本的條目](http://beautifultrouble.org/all-modules/)為主，之後再補上[新的條目](http://beautifultrouble.org/new/)。
---
* **登入hackmd後即可協作，有任何建議或問題請直接寫在這裡**
* Step 1 - 翻譯已摘錄於此的綱要與引言（請先保留英文，以便於後續修稿作業）
* Step 2 - 進入原條目網址摘譯主文（順便建立條目網址的超連結）
* Step 3 - 建立並摘譯新的條目（見上文）
---

## [TACTICS 戰術](http://beautifultrouble.org/tactic/)

**MODES OF ACTION 行動的模式**

Specific forms of creative action, such as a flash mob or an occupation.
創意行動的具體形式，像是快閃或佔領。

> “Tactics ... lack a specific location, survive through improvisation, and use the advantages of the weak against the strong.”
> —Paul Lewis et al.
>
> 「戰術⋯⋯沒有具體的地點，要靠臨機應變存活，並使用弱者的優勢來對抗強者。」
> ——保羅・路易士等人

*Every discipline has its forms. Soldiers can choose to lay siege or launch a flanking maneuver. Writers can try their hand at biography or flash fiction. Likewise, creative activists have their own repertoire of forms. Some, like the sit-in and the general strike, are justly famous; others, like flash mobs and culture jamming, have a newfangled pop appeal; yet others — like debt strike, prefigurative intervention, eviction blockade — are mostly unknown but could soon make their appearance on the stage of history. If art truly is a hammer with which to shape the world, it’s time to gear up.*

所有學門都有其形式，軍人可以選擇包圍戰術或突襲側翼。作家可以著力於傳記或微型小說。同樣，有梗的行動者也擁有自己的技能樹。靜坐或總罷工，只是其中比較為人所知的；其他像是快閃或文化干擾，則有著很潮的群眾吸引力；還有其他——像是債務抗爭、預言式干預、擋拆——大多不為人所知，但很快就能在歷史舞台上出現。如果藝術真是一把可以形塑世界的錘子，那就是使用的時候了。

### Advanced leafeting / 升級版的發傳單

To get important information into the right hands.
把重要的訊息交到正確的人手上。

### Artistic vigil / 守夜

To mourn the death of a public hero; to link a natural disaster or public tragedy to a political message; to protest the launch of a war.
哀悼公眾英雄的死亡；將自然災害或公共悲劇與政治訊息連結；反對戰爭發動。

### Banner hang / 掛布條

To boldly articulate a demand; to rebrand a target; to provide a message frame or larger-than-life caption for an action.
大膽地描繪訴求；重新打造對手的形象；替行動提出一個定調的訊息或重於泰山的標語。

### Blockade / 封鎖

To physically shut down something bad (a coal mine, the World Trade Organization), to protect something good (a forest, someone’s home), or to make a symbolic statement, such as encircling a target (the White House).
實體阻止某些壞事情發生

### Creative disruption / 有梗的鬧場

To expose and disrupt the public relations efforts of the armed and dangerous. Particularly useful at speeches, hearings, meetings, fundraisers and the like.
去暴露或干擾危害份子的公關舉動。在演講、聽證會、會議、募款等類似活動特別有效。

> “Human salvation lies in the hands of the creatively maladjusted.”
>
> —Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
>
> 「人類的救贖就在有創意的社會適應不良份子手上。」
>
> ——馬丁路德・金恩博士

### Creative petition delivery / 有梗的連署書投遞

To translate online outcry into online action; to make mass public opposition unavoidably visible to a campaign target.
將線上的呼籲轉換成線上行動；將倡議對象無法不看見社會大眾的反對意見

### Debt strike / 抗債

To fight back against financial exploitation when many people are crushed by debt.
當許多人被債務壓垮時，反擊這些財務剝削。

> “If you owe the bank $100, that’s your problem; if you owe the bank $100 million, that’s the bank’s problem.”
>
> —John Paul Getty
>
> 「如果你欠銀行一百塊，那就是你的麻煩；如果你欠銀行一億元，那就是銀行的麻煩。」

### Détournement/Culture jamming / 文化干擾

Altering the meaning of a target’s messaging or brand; packaging critical messages as highly contagious media viruses.

抽換對手的訊息或品牌背後的意涵；以具有高度病毒傳播力的手法，來包裝批判的訊息。

### Direct action / 直接行動

To shut things down; to open things up; to pressure a target; to re-imagine what’s possible; to intervene in a system; to empower people; to defend something good; to shine a spotlight on something bad.

擋下某些事；促成某些事；壓迫對手；重新想像什麼是可能的；在系統內進行干擾；培力民眾；保衛好的事物；把聚光燈頭在壞的事物上。

> “Direct action gets the goods.”
>
> —Industrial Workers of the World
>
> 「直接行動有搞頭。」
>
> ——世界工業工人

### Distributed action / 各地串連行動

To demonstrate the breadth, diversity and power of a movement; to swarm a large target in diverse locations.
證明一個運動的廣度、多樣性與力量；在不同地點進行號召大量民眾群聚。

### Electoral guerrilla theater / 參選游擊劇場

Running for public office as a creative prank — not to win the election, but to get attention for a radical critique of policy or to sabotage the campaign of a particularly heinous candidate.
以有梗惡搞的方式來參選——不是要贏得選舉，而是要吸引群眾注意對於政策的批判，或欉康一個令人髮指的候選人。

### Eviction blockade / 擋拆

To organize a strong show of physical resistance to an unjust eviction; to force a moral confrontation with a system that operates amorally.
組織一股強而有力的抵抗措施，對抗不正義的強迫搬遷；迫使不道德的系統面對道德衝突。

> “Home is where the heart is.”
>
> —Proverb
>
> 心在哪，家就在哪。
>
> ——諺語

### Flash mob / 快閃

To organize a show of dissent on short notice; to quickly replicate a successful tactic in a dispersed yet coordinated way; to create a shared moment of random kindness and senseless beauty.
組織一場吸引短期注意的抗爭表演；以分散但協調的方式，快速地複製一場成功的戰術；創造一個共享時刻，屬於任意隨機的友善與無目的性的美感。

### Forum theater / 論壇劇場（按：出自受壓迫者劇場）

Forum theater is a tool for exploring and rehearsing possible actions that people can take to transform their world. It’s often used both in preparation to taking action and in anti-oppression workshops.

### General strike / 大罷工

To put effective pressure on a corporate or political target by shutting down business as usual; to overcome the challenges of organizing vulnerable workers in isolated sectors.

> “Win or lose, mass strikes reveal the truth.”
>
> —Jeremy Brecher, Strike!

### Guerrilla projection / 游擊投影

To broadcast a message; to frame an action; to rebrand a target; to entertain a crowd.

### Hoax / 騙局

To create a momentary illusion that exposes injustice through satirical exaggeration, or that demonstrates how another reality is possible.

> “Sometimes it takes a lie to expose the truth.”
>
> —Sun Tzu, The Art of War

### Human banner / 人體排字

To make a single, unified statement with thousands of people.

### Identity correction / 形象破壞

To embarrass your target; to correct the public record; to expose corporate malfeasance; to reframe an issue.
“Artists use lies to tell the truth. Yes, I created a lie. But because you believed it, you found something true about yourself.”
—Alan Moore

### Image theater / 圖像劇場（按：出自受壓迫者劇場）

To foster dialogue and develop action strategies; to create a compelling public image in a direct action.

### Infiltration / 滲入會議

To learn from, expose, or disrupt the meetings of the powerful.
暴露或擾亂權勢者的會議，或從中學習。

### Invisible theater / 隱形劇場

To pose a moral dilemma in the midst of everyday life this can be particularly useful on a topic that people might normally be “too polite” to bring up, such as poverty, racism or homophobia.

### Mass street action / 大規模街頭行動

To pressure a corporate or government target with a mass of people in the street telling a unified story.

### Media-jacking / 媒體挾持

To undermine your opposition’s narrative by hijacking their event; to draw attention to your side of the story; to capitalize on your target’s media presence; to reframe an issue; to be a jackass.

### Nonviolent search and seizure / 非暴力研究與揭密

Does the government or a polluting corporation have hidden documents or secret plans? Liberate them!
政府或污染企業是不是有些隱藏文件或秘密計畫呢？解放這些檔案吧！

### Occupation / 佔領

To hold public space; to pressure a target; to reclaim or squat property; to defend against “development”; to assert Indigenous sovereignty.
> “Lost a job, found an occupation”
>
> — Occupy Wall Street

### Prefigurative intervention / 預言式干擾

To give a glimpse of the Utopia we’re working for; to show how the world could be; to make such a world feel not just possible, but irresistible.

> “You never change things by fighting the existing reality. To change something, build a new model that makes the existing model obsolete.”
>
> —Buckminster Fuller

### Public filibuster / 公眾版的法案拖延戰術

Interrupting or shutting down a hearing or government vote.

### Strategic nonviolence / 策略性的非暴力

To create a framework for broad-based direct action conducive to building large, inclusive, diverse and effective movements.

### Trek / 苦行

To link disparate locations that seek to have impact on a common issue; to model alternative community; to demonstrate commitment to a cause through endurance; to physically embody a pathway to an alternative.

> “The path is made by walking.”
>
> —Antonio Machado

### Write your own TACTIC / 寫下你自己的戰術

- COMMON USES 一般用途
- EPIGRAPH 引言
- PRACTITIONERS 實行者
- FURTHER INSIGHT 進一步參閱
- How does it work? 如何運作（脈絡與具體描述）
- CONTRIBUTED BY 貢獻者
---

## [PRINCIPLE 原則](http://beautifultrouble.org/principle/)

**DESIGN GUIDELINES 設計指引**
Hard-won insights that can inform creative action design.
得來不易的洞見可以形成富有創意的行動設計

> “Knowledge emerges only through invention and re-invention, through the restless, impatient, continuing, hopeful inquiry human beings pursue in the world, with the world, and with each other.”
>
> —Paulo Freire
>
> 「知識是從發明與在發明中崛起，是人們勤奮、急切又持續地與他人在這個世界上，對於所在世界的共同追求與探索。」
>
> ——保羅・弗雷勒

*After decades of making foolish mistakes, veteran creative activists tend to acquire a set of mental short-cuts. Whether they’re conscious of them or not, they bring these operating principles to bear on each new action or campaign they cook up. After a string of late-night truth serum injections and fugue-state urban vagabonding, we managed to pry a bunch of them loose. Enjoy.*
*犯下愚蠢錯誤的數十年後，老練的創意行動者們獲得了一組心智捷徑。不論有沒有意識到，他們都會把這些運作原則帶到他們搞出來的新行動或倡議上。 在一連串的真理血清注射以及成群結伴的的都市漫遊後，我們撬出了其中幾塊。請慢用*

### Anger works best when you have the moral high ground / 在你取得道德正當性時，憤怒才有效

Anger is potent. Use it wisely. If you have the moral higher ground, it is compelling and people will join you. If you don’t, you’ll look like a cranky wing-nut.

> “The truth will set you free, but first it will piss you off.”
>
> —Gloria Steinem

### Anyone can act / 任何人都可以行動

Don’t worry about being a lousy actor — you’re a great one.

> “Acting is the least mysterious of all crafts. Whenever we want something from somebody or when we want to hide something or pretend, we’re acting. Most people do it all day long.”
>
> —Marlon Brando

### Balance art and message / 平衡藝術性與訊息

Effective creative interventions require a judicious balance of art and message. It’s not just what you say, it’s how you say it. If the role of the artist is to “deepen the mystery,” what is the role of the political artist?

> “Art is not a mirror held up to reality, but a hammer with which to shape it.”
>
> —Bertolt Brecht

### Beware the tyranny of structurelessness / 當心無架構的暴政

Sometimes the least structured group can be the most tyrannical. Counter by promoting accountability within the group.

### Brand or be branded / 標籤或者被標籤（按：需要更好的翻譯）

Branding is one of the more misunderstood communication concepts, especially among anti-corporate activists, who can and should use branding to their advantage.
“Success means never letting the competition define you. Instead you have to define yourself based on a point of view you care deeply about.”
—Tom Chappell, Tom’s of Maine

### Bring the issue home / 把議題拉到生活中

Creative activists can make an otherwise abstract, far-away issue relevant by making it personal, visceral and local.

> “If facts are the seeds that later produce knowledge and wisdom, then the emotions and the impressions of the senses are the fertile soil in which the seeds must grow.”
>
> —Rachel Carson

### Challenge patriarchy as you organize / 在組織的同時挑戰父權

Like all other unjust and arbitrary systems of authority and power, patriarchy must be actively challenged in political organizing if we are to achieve collective liberation.

> “Patriarchy is a political-social system that insists that males are inherently dominating, superior to everything and everyone deemed weak, especially females, and endowed with the right to dominate and rule over the weak and to maintain that dominance through various forms of psychological terrorism and violence.”
>
> —bell hooks

### Choose tactics that support your strategy / 選擇與戰略一致的戰術

Don’t let an individual tactic distract from a larger strategy. Strategy is your overall plan, and tactics are those things you do to implement the plan — a distinction critical for structuring effective campaigns.

> “If you don’t have a strategy, you’re part of someone else’s strategy.”
>
> —Alvin To´er

### Choose your target wisely / 聰明地挑選你的目標

We increase our chances of victory when our actions target the person or entity with the institutional power to meet our demands.

> “Power concedes nothing without a demand. It never did and it never will.”
>
> —Frederick Douglass

### Consensus is a means, not an end / 共識是途徑，而非目標

（眾人充分參與與容納多元意見的價值才是目標）
The two foundational values of consensus decision making are empowering every person’s full participation in decision making, and respecting and accommodating diverse opinions. These values are more important than the form itself, which activists should modify as needed to uphold these values.

> “The problem is not that of taking power, but rather who exercises it.”
>
> —Subcomandante Marcos

### Consider your audience / 考量你的受眾

If a banner drops in the forest and your target audience isn’t around to see it, will it make a difference? Probably not.

### Debtors of the world, unite! / Kleiner 全世界的負債者們，團結起來！

Today the burden of debt unites millions in common struggle, providing the basis of a new mass movement and new forms of large-scale organizing.

### Delegate / 交派任務

In the final analysis, groups don’t get things done, people do. Delegate!

> “Leadership is getting people to want to do what you want them to do.”
>
> —Dwight D. Eisenhower

### Do the media’s work for them / 替媒體做他們的工作

Often journalists want to cover an important issue, but can’t for editorial reasons. The right creative action (that you photograph or film yourself) can give them the excuse or materials they need.

> “Don’t hate the media, become the media.”
>
> —Jello Biafra

### Don’t dress like a protester / 不要穿得跟暴民一樣

If you look like a stereotypical protester, it’s easy for people to write you off. If you look like someone who doesn’t usually hit the streets (the guy next door or an airline pilot in full uniform), people can more easily identify with you. Therefore, don’t dress like a protester.

> “Dress like a Republican so you can talk like an anarchist.”
>
> —Colman McCarthy

### Don’t just brainstorm, artstorm! / 不要只是腦力激盪，更要美力激盪

When seeking to awaken collective intelligence, brainstorming can only get you so far. “Artstorming” invites participants to jump directly into the unmediated experience of creation, engaging the full spectrum of our creative intelligence. Better ideas, and often amazing creations, result.

> “Often such little small cultural experiments open up space and possibility for the bigger changes to happen. The real seeds for revolutionary changes can grow in artistic practices.”
>
> —John Jordan

### Don’t mistake your group for society / 不要把團體與社會混為一談

Don’t get too caught up in trying to make your little activist group “inclusive,” “democratic,” or other qualities that we all want for society. Why? Because your group isn’t society.

### Enable, don’t command / 要教導，不要指揮

Supportive, enabling leaders awaken the creative potential of participants.

> “Leaders who do not act dialogically, but insist on imposing their decisions, do not organize the people they manipulate them. They do not liberate, nor are they liberated: they oppress.”
>
> — Paulo Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed

### Escalate strategically / 策略性地提高層級

If dissident political groups tend to become more extreme over time, then good leaders should help define what ‘extreme’ in constructive ways looks like.

### Everyone has balls/ovaries of steel / 每個人都有鐵蛋蛋／鐵卵巢（按：勇氣）

Courage is in the eye of the beholder.

### If protest is made illegal, make daily life a protest /

如果抗議被視為非法，那就讓日常生活成為抗議
When standard dissent is made impossible by overwhelming state repression, find ways to make ordinary acts subversive.

### Kill them with kindness / 用良善的舉止來幹掉他們（按：萌殺）

Kindness, smiles, gifts and unicorns (well, maybe not unicorns) can be potent weapons in the struggle against evil-doers.

> “Above all, be kind.”
>
> —Kurt Vonnegut

### Know your cultural terrain / Duncombe 了解你的文化脈絡（並轉為你的優勢）

The first rule of guerrilla warfare is to know your terrain and use it to your advantage. This holds true whether you are fighting in an actual jungle or in the metaphoric wasteland of mass culture.

> “What the world’s governments should really fear is an expert in communication technologies.”
>
> —Subcomandante Marcos

### Lead with sympathetic characters / 用引人同情的形象領導

Good actions tell a good story; good stories revolve around sympathetic characters.

### Maintain nonviolent discipline / 維持非暴力紀律

Nonviolent action works best when you stay nonviolent.

> “We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protests to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force.”
>
> —Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

### Make new folks welcome / 讓新參者受到歡迎

Recruitment and retention go hand in hand. A few simple procedures for orienting new participants can go a long way to ensuring their ongoing involvement.

> “You are invited. By anyone, to do anything. You are invited, for all time. You are so needed, by everyone, to do everything. You are invited, for all time.”
>
> —The Dismemberment Plan, You Are Invited

### Make the invisible visible / 讓不可見的被看見

Many injustices are invisible to the mainstream. When you bring these wrongs into full view, you change the game, making the need to take action palpable.

> “We who in engage in nonviolent direct action are not the creators of tension. We merely bring to the surface the hidden tension that is already alive.”
>
> —Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr

### Make your actions both concrete and communicative (but don’t confuse the two) / 讓你的行動同時暨具體又具傳染力（但不要混為一談）

Concrete tactics have measurable goals and are designed to have a direct physical impact. Communicative ones can be more symbolic. Knowing the difference and planning accordingly is important.

### No one wants to watch a drum circle / 沒有人想在鼓圈外頭看著（按：讓人參與，而不只是觀看）

Participating in a drum circle is amazing, transformative and fun. Watching a drum circle, on the other hand, is torture. Don’t ask people to watch you have fun: get them involved!

### Pace yourself / 調整腳步

Taking care of ourselves and having fun in our work for social change are essential to building stronger, larger, more effective movements.

> “Let’s treat each other as if we plan to work side by side in struggle for many, many years to come. Because the task before us will demand nothing less.”
>
> —Naomi Klein, address to Occupy Wall Street

### Play to the audience that isn’t there / 與不在場的受眾對話

In a hyper-mediated world, often the audience you care about is not the one in the room with you, but the one you’ll reach through mass and social media. Design your action with them in mind.

### Praxis makes perfect / 實踐以臻完美

Theory without action produces armchair revolutionaries. Action without reflection produces ineffective or counter-productive activism. That’s why we have praxis: a cycle of theory, action and reflection that helps us analyze our efforts in order to improve our ideas.

### Put movies in the hands of movements / 讓電影為運動所用

Theory without action produces armchair revolutionaries. Action without reflection produces ineffective or counter-productive activism. That’s why we have praxis: a cycle of theory, action and reflection that helps us analyze our efforts in order to improve our ideas.

> “Making the movie and getting it to screen is only 50% of the job. What to do when the lights come up — how to harness that energy in the room… well that’s the other 50%.”
>
> —George Stoney

### Put your target in a decision dilemma / 讓你的對手進退兩難

Design your action so that your target is forced to make a decision, and all their available options play to your advantage.

### Reframe / 重新框架

The easiest way to win an argument is to redefine the terms of the debate.

> “There is a basic truth about framing. If you accept the other guy’s frame, you lose.”
>
> —George Lakoff

### Seek common ground /尋求共同的基礎

In search of allies and points of agreement, we must grow comfortable adopting the rhetoric of worldviews we might otherwise oppose.

### Shift the spectrum of allies / 轉變同盟的光譜（按：擴大結盟與挪動整個光譜）

Movements seldom win by overpowering the opposition; they win by shifting the support out from under them. Determine the social blocs at play on a given issue, and work to shift them closer to your position.

### Show, don’t tell / 要表現，不要說教

Use metaphor, visuals and action to show your message rather than falling into preaching, hectoring or otherwise telling your audience what to think.

### Simple rules can have grand results / 簡單規則可創造巨大成果

Movements, viral campaigns and large-scale actions can’t be scripted from the top down. An invitation to participate and the right set of simple rules are often all the starter-structure you need.

> “Sept 17. Wall Street. Bring tent.”
>
> —Adbusters

### Stay on message / 保持訊息一致與聚焦

When we stay on message, we communicate exactly what we want our audience to know. We create harmony between our words, visuals and actions and we deliver a clear, powerful and irresistible call to action.

> “What you do speaks so loudly I can’t hear what you are saying.”
>
> —Ralph Waldo Emerson

### Take leadership from the most impacted / 領導最受衝擊的群體

Effective activism requires providing appropriate support to, and taking direction from, those who have the most at stake.

### Take risks, but take care / 承擔風險，但要小心

Needlessly endangering the safety of you or the people around you hurts the movement. Don’t sacrifice care of self or others for the sake of being “hardcore.”

> “Martyrdom is a fascist tendency.”
>
> —Gopal Dayanenni

### Team up with experts (but don’t become “the expert”) / 與專家合作（但不要成為專家）

Cultivating a fluid, symbiotic relationship between activists and experts is key to organizing effective interventions into complex issues.

### Think narratively / 敘事思考

Sometimes the best response to a powerful enemy is a powerful story.

### This ain’t the Sistine Chapel / 這裡不是西斯汀教堂（按：美學標準不要過高）

Sky-high artistic expectations can not only slow you down, but can also critically impair execution of your tactic and strategy.

> “We have no art. We do everything as well we can.”
>
> —Balinese saying

### Turn the tables / 交換位置

Sometimes the most compelling way to expose an injustice is to flip it around and visit it upon the powerful.

> “Make the enemy live up to their own book of rules.”
>
> —Saul Alinsky

### Use others’ prejudices against them / 使用別人的偏見來對抗他們自己

Your enemy’s prejudices about you are a weakness that you can exploit to your advantage.

### Use the Jedi mind trick / 使用絕地武士的心靈控制

The Jedi mind trick worked for Luke Skywalker, and it can work for you, too. You just have to believe in yourself, and others will, too.

> “Whether you think you can, or you think you can’t — you’re right.”
>
> — Henry Ford

### Use the law, don’t be afraid of it / 使用法律，不要害怕法律

Talk to more than one lawyer and pick the one whose advice you want to follow.

### Use the power of ritual / 使用儀式的力量

Rituals like weddings, funerals, baptisms, exorcisms and vigils are powerful experiences for participants. By adapting sacred and symbolic elements you can use the power of ritual to give your actions greater depth and power.

> “Ritual and ceremony in their due times kept the world under the sky and the stars in their courses.”
>
> —Terry Pratchett

### Use your radical fringe to slide the Overton window / 運用你的外緣去挪動奧佛頓之窗（按：擴大中對於政策合理性或接受度的範圍）

The Overton window is the limit of what is considered reasonable or acceptable within a range of public policy options. Slide the window of acceptable debate by focusing attention on a position that is more radical than their own.

### We are all leaders / 我們都是領袖

An otherwise healthy distrust of hierarchy can lead to a negative attitude toward all forms of leadership. Actually, we want more leadership, not less.

> ”They surrounded the boat, and when they lowered the gangplank, Sheri¡ McGray walked to the end of it and said, ‘Who are your leaders here?’ And they shouted back with one voice: ‘We are all leaders here!’ Well, that scared the tar out of the law, you know…”
>
> —Utah Phillips, “Fellow workers”
>

### Write your own PRINCIPLE / 寫下你自己的原則

* IN SUM 總結
* EPIGRAPH 引言
* PRACTITIONERS 實行者
* FURTHER INSIGHT 進一步參閱
* *What’s the secret? 奧妙何在？*
* CONTRIBUTED BY 貢獻者

---

## [THEORIES 理論](http://beautifultrouble.org/theory/)

**CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS**

Big-picture ideas that help us understand how the world works and how we might go about changing it.

> “Without revolutionary theory, there can be no revolutionary movement, comrade.”
>
> —V.I. Lenin (though he didn’t actually say the “comrade” part)

*Ever wish someone would take the most complex ideas from the likes of Brecht, Gramsci, Marx, Foucault & Co. and cook them down into fierce, accessible little nuggets of theory tailored to the pragmatic needs of the working revolutionary? Well, somebody did. Have at it.*

### Action logic / 行動邏輯

Your actions should speak for themselves. They should make immediate, natural sense to onlookers. They should have an obvious logic to the outside eye.

> “Actions speak louder than words.”
>
> —Ruckus Society motto

### Alienation effect / 異化效應
The alienation e¡ect was Brecht’s principle of using innovative theatrical techniques to “make the familiar strange” in order to provoke a social-critical audience response.

> “Sometimes it’s more important to be human than to have good taste.”
>
> —Bertolt Brecht

### Anti-oppression / 反壓迫

Anti-oppression practice provides a framework for constructively addressing and changing oppressive dynamics as they play out in our organizing.

> “If you have come to help me, you are wasting your time. But if you have come because your liberation is bound up in mine, then let us work together.”
>
> —Lila Watson

### Capitalism / 資本主義

Capitalism is a profit-driven economic system rooted in inequality, exploitation, dispossession and environmental destruction.

> “Capitalism turns men and women into economic cannibals, and having done so, mistakes economic cannibalism for human nature.”
>
> —Edward Hyman

> “Capitalists don’t control capital; capital controls capitalists.”
>
> —Unknown

### Commodity fetishism / 商品拜物教

There is nothing natural or inevitable about money, debt, property rights, or markets; they are symbolic systems that derive their e´cacy from collective belief. Activists should inspire radical hope by exposing the mutability of these social relationships.

### The commons / 共有財

Our common wealth — the shared bounty that we inherit and create together — precedes and surrounds our private wealth. By building a system that protects and expands our common wealth rather than one that exploits it, we can address both our ecological and social imbalances.

> “Even an entire society, a nation, or all simultaneously existing societies taken together, are not the owners of the earth. They are simply its possessors, its beneficiaries, and have to bequeath it in an improved state to succeeding generations as boni patres familias [good heads of the household].”
>
> —Karl Marx

### Cultural hegemony / 文化霸權

Politics is not only fought out in state houses, workplaces or on battlefields, but also in the language we use, the stories we tell, and the images we conjure in short, in the ways we make sense of the world.

> The most obvious, important realities are often the ones that are hardest to see and talk about. Stated as an English sentence, of course, this is just a banal platitude, but the fact is that in the day to day trenches of adult existence, banal platitudes can have a life or death importance.”
>
> —David Foster Wallace

### Debt revolt / 債務革命

Today’s class consciousness falls increasingly along debtorcreditor lines rather than worker-capitalist lines.

> “I ain’t a Communist necessarily, but I been in the red all my life.”
>
> —Woody Guthrie

### Environmental justice / 環境正義

By exposing the connections between social justice and environmental issues we can most e¡ectively challenge abuses of power that disproportionately target indigenous and other economically and politically disenfranchised communities.

> “As a black person in America I am twice as likely to live in an area where air pollution poses the greatest risk to my health. I am five times more likely to live within walking distance of a power plant or chemical facility, which I do. Fortunately there are people like me who are fighting for solutions that won’t compromise the lives of low-income communities of color in the short term — and won’t destroy us all in the long term.”
>
> —Majora Carter

### Ethical spectacle / 倫理場景

To be politically effective, activists need to engage in spectacle. By keeping to certain principles, our spectacles can be ethical, emancipatory, and faithful to reality.

>“Boredom is always counter-revolutionary. Always.”
>
> —Guy Debord

### Expressive and instrumental actions / 表現性與工具性行動 

Political action tends to be driven by one of two di¡erent motivations: expressing an identity, and winning concrete changes. It’s important to know the di¡erence, and to strike a balance between the two.

>“If the real radical finds that having long hair sets up psychological barriers to communication and organization, he cuts his hair.”
>
> —Saul Alinsky

### Floating signifier / 浮動能指

An empty or “floating” signifier is a symbol or concept loose enough to mean many things to many people, yet specific enough to galvanize action in a particular direction.

>“We are…the face that hides itself to be seen.”
>
>—Subcomandante Marcos

>“We are the ones we’ve been waiting for.”
>
>—Barack Obama

>“We are the 99 percent.”
>
>—Occupy Wall Street

### Hamoq & hamas / 憤怒與笨怒
Turning anger into action is necessary to move the powers that be, but that anger is most e¡ective when it is disciplined and intelligently focused (hamas). Uncontrolled, stupid anger (hamoq) mostly undermines your own cause.

### Hashtag politics / 主題標籤政治

Your action or campaign doesn’t just send a message, it convenes a conversation. By strategically defining the hashtag and curating the ensuing conversation, you can expand and deepen your support base.

### Intellectuals and power / 知識份子與權力

Intellectuals should use their specialized knowledge to expose the machinations of power, utilize their position in institutions to amplify the voices of people struggling against oppression, and work tirelessly to reveal the ways that they themselves are agents of power.

### Memes / 戲仿

Memes (rhymes with “dreams”) are self-replicating units of cultural information that spread virally from mind to mind, network to network, generation to generation.

### Narrative power analysis / 敘事權力分析

All power relations have a narrative dimension. Narrative power analysis is a systematic methodology for examining the stories that abet the powers that be in order to better challenge them.

### Pedagogy of the Oppressed / 受壓迫者教育學

An approach to education that aims to transform oppressive structures by engaging people who have been marginalized and dehumanized and drawing on what they already know.

> “Education either functions as an instrument which is used to facilitate integration of the younger generation into the logic of the present system and bring about conformity or it becomes the practice of freedom, the means by which men and women deal critically and creatively with reality and discover how to participate in the transformation of their world.”
>
> —Paulo Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed

### Pillars of support / （按：權力的）支柱

Power stems not just from a ruler’s ability to use force, but from the consent and cooperation of the ruled, which can be voluntarily and nonviolently withdrawn by identifying, targeting and undermining the ruler’s “pillars of support” — the institutions and organizations that sustain its power.

### Points of intervention / Reinsborough & Canning

A point of intervention is a physical or conceptual place within a system where presure can be put to disrupt its smooth functioning and push for change.

### Political identity paradox / 政治認同的弔詭

Group identity o¡ers embattled activists a cohesive community, but also tends to foster a subculture that can be alienating to the public at large. Balancing these two tendencies is crucial to sustaining the work of an e¡ective group, organization or movement.

### The propaganda model / 政令宣導模型

The propaganda model seeks to explain the behavior of news media operating within a capitalist economy. The model suggests that media outlets will consistently produce news content that aligns with the interests of political and economic elites.

> “Any dictator would admire the uniformity and obedience of the U.S. media.”
>
> —Noam Chomsky

### Revolutionary nonviolence (or “The marriage of Gandhi and Che”)/ 革命性的非暴力（甘地與切格瓦拉的結合）

Revolutionary nonviolence emphasizes unity among radicals and proposes a militant nonviolent praxis based on revolutionary transformation and mass civil resistance.

### The shock doctrine / 震撼主義

Pro-corporate neoliberals treat crises such as wars, coups, natural disasters and economic downturns as prime opportunities to impose an agenda of privatization, deregulation, and cuts to social services.

> “Only a crisis — actual or perceived — produces real change.”
>
> —Neoliberal economist Milton Friedman

### The social cure / 社會治療

People are more likely to be motivated to action by peer groups than by information or appeals to fear. The social cure is a method of harnessing this power of social groups for social change.

### Society of the spectacle / D. Mitchell

Modern capitalism upholds social control through the spectacle, the use of mass communications to turn us into consumers and passive spectators of our own lives, history and power.

> “Politics is that dimension of social life in which things become true if enough people believe them.”
>
> —David Graeber

### The tactics of everyday life / 日常生活戰術

Tactics are not a subset of strategy, but a democratic response to it.

### Temporary Autonomous Zone (TAZ) / 臨時自治區

An alternative to traditional models of revolution, the T.A.Z is an uprising that creates free, ephemeral enclaves of autonomy in the here-and-now.

> “Are we who live in the present doomed never to experience autonomy, never to stand for one moment on a bit of land ruled only by freedom?”

—Hakim Bey

### Theater of the Oppressed / 受壓迫者劇場

Theater of the Oppressed provides tools for people to explore collective struggles, analyze their history and present circumstances, and then experiment with inventing a new future together through theater.

> “The theater itself is not revolutionary: it is a rehearsal for the revolution.”
>
> —Augusto Boal

### Write your own THEORY / 寫下你自己的理論

* IN SUM 總結
* EPIGRAPH 引言
* ORIGINS 出處
* PRACTITIONERS 實行者
* FURTHER INSIGHT 進一步參閱
* *What’s the big idea? 要旨何在？*
* CONTRIBUTED BY 貢獻者

### **NEW MODULE OF THEORY**

### [Framing / ](http://beautifultrouble.org/theory/framing/)

In the words of media researcher Charlotte Ryan, “A frame is a thought
organizer, highlighting certain events and facts as important, and
rendering others invisible.” Framing a message correctly can make or
break an entire campaign.

### [Dunbar’s number / 鄧巴係數](http://beautifultrouble.org/theory/dunbars-number/)

Dunbar’s number refers to the approximate number of primary, care-based
relationships people can maintain. The concept carries interesting
implications for navigating the leap from organizing among friends to
organizing under formal structures.

---

## [Case Studies 案例研究](http://beautifultrouble.org/case/)

**WHERE THE RUBBER MEETS THE ROAD**

Capsule stories of successful creative actions, useful for illustrating how tactics, principles and theories can be successfully applied.

> “Success means going from one failure to the next with no loss of enthusiasm.”
>
> —Winston Churchill

*Revolutionaries practice without safety nets. Our laboratory is the world around us — the streets, the Internet, the airwaves, our own hearts, as well as the hearts and minds of our fellow citizens. We experiment, we fail, we change things up, we try again, maybe this time a little less disastrously, a little more beautifully until we win. Always we learn. Case studies are where we learn what we’ve learned.*

### 99% bat signal / Read Barbie

### Liberation Organization / Bonanno

### Battle in Seattle / 西雅圖戰役

### Bidder 70 / Bichlbaum & Meisel

### The Big Donor Show / Harreby

### Billionaires for Bush / Varon, Boyd & Fairbanks

### Citizens’ Posse / Sellers

### Clandestine Insurgent Rebel Clown Army / Jordan

### Colbert roasts Bush / Ginsberg

### The Couple in the Cage / Ginsberg

### Daycare center sit-in / Boyd

### Dow Chemical apologizes for Bhopal / Bonanno

### Harry Potter Alliance / 哈利波特同盟

### Justice for Janitors / Fithian

### Lysistrata project / Blume

### Mining the museum / Ginsberg

### Modern-Day Slavery Museum / CIW

### The Nihilist Democratic Party / Roel & Ginsberg

### Public Option Annie / Boyd

### Reclaim the Streets / 奪回街道

### The salt march / Bloch

### Santa Claus Army / Ginsberg

### Small gifts / Shah

### Stolen Beauty boycott campaign / Schurr

### Streets into gardens / Read

### Taco Bell boycott / Dirks

### Tar sands action / Meisel & Russell

### Teddy-bear catapult / D. Mitchell

### Trail of Dreams / Pacheco

### Virtual Streetcorners / Ewing

### Whose tea party? / Boyd

### Wisconsin Capitol Occupation / 佔領威斯康辛州政府

### Yomango / Saura

### Write your own CASE STUDY / You