高中數學
      • Sharing URL Link copied
      • /edit
      • View mode
        • Edit mode
        • View mode
        • Book mode
        • Slide mode
        Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
      • Customize slides
      • Note Permission
      • Read
        • Owners
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Owners Signed-in users Everyone
      • Write
        • Owners
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Owners Signed-in users Everyone
      • Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
    • Invite by email
      Invitee

      This note has no invitees

    • Publish Note

      Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note No publishing access yet

      Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
      Your note is now live.
      This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
      Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.

      Your account was recently created. Publishing will be available soon, allowing you to share notes on your public page and in search results.

      Your team account was recently created. Publishing will be available soon, allowing you to share notes on your public page and in search results.

      Explore these features while you wait
      Complete general settings
      Bookmark and like published notes
      Write a few more notes
      Complete general settings
      Write a few more notes
      See published notes
      Unpublish note
      Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
      View profile
    • Commenting
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
      • Everyone
    • Suggest edit
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
    • Emoji Reply
    • Enable
    • Versions and GitHub Sync
    • Note settings
    • Note Insights New
    • Engagement control
    • Make a copy
    • Transfer ownership
    • Delete this note
    • Insert from template
    • Import from
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
      • Clipboard
    • Export to
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
    • Download
      • Markdown
      • HTML
      • Raw HTML
Menu Note settings Note Insights Versions and GitHub Sync Sharing URL Help
Menu
Options
Engagement control Make a copy Transfer ownership Delete this note
Import from
Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
Export to
Dropbox Google Drive Gist
Download
Markdown HTML Raw HTML
Back
Sharing URL Link copied
/edit
View mode
  • Edit mode
  • View mode
  • Book mode
  • Slide mode
Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
Customize slides
Note Permission
Read
Owners
  • Owners
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Owners Signed-in users Everyone
Write
Owners
  • Owners
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Owners Signed-in users Everyone
Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
  • Invite by email
    Invitee

    This note has no invitees

  • Publish Note

    Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note No publishing access yet

    Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
    Your note is now live.
    This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
    Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.

    Your account was recently created. Publishing will be available soon, allowing you to share notes on your public page and in search results.

    Your team account was recently created. Publishing will be available soon, allowing you to share notes on your public page and in search results.

    Explore these features while you wait
    Complete general settings
    Bookmark and like published notes
    Write a few more notes
    Complete general settings
    Write a few more notes
    See published notes
    Unpublish note
    Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
    View profile
    Engagement control
    Commenting
    Permission
    Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    Enable
    Permission
    • Forbidden
    • Owners
    • Signed-in users
    • Everyone
    Suggest edit
    Permission
    Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    Enable
    Permission
    • Forbidden
    • Owners
    • Signed-in users
    Emoji Reply
    Enable
    Import from Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
       Owned this note    Owned this note      
    Published Linked with GitHub
    3
    • Any changes
      Be notified of any changes
    • Mention me
      Be notified of mention me
    • Unsubscribe
    # 算幾不等式 ###### tags: 高一數學、最大最小值、算幾不等式 ### 基礎定義 實數 $a,b>0$,則 $\frac{a+b}{2} \ge \sqrt{ab}$ 恆成立,等號成立於 $a=b$ 時。 ### 題目分析 此類題型應用於求「極值」 * 給定 $a+b$ 為定值,可以求 $ab$ 最大值 * 給定 $ab$ 為定值,可以求 $a+b$ 最小值 掌握原則:「給相加則求相乘最大值」、「給相乘則求相加最小值」。 ### 基礎例題(解答見最後) 1. $a,b>0$ 且 $a+b=10$,求 $ab$ 之最大值 2. $a,b>0$ 且 $3a+4b=10$,求 $ab$ 之最大值 3. $a,b>0$ 且 $a^2+b^2=10$,求 $ab$ 之最大值 4. $a,b>0$ 且 $9a^2+16b^2=10$,求 $ab$ 之最大值 5. $a,b>0$ 且 $ab=10$,求 $a+b$ 之最小值 6. $a,b>0$ 且 $ab=10$,求 $3a+4b$ 之最小值 7. $a,b>0$ 且 $\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=10$,求 $ab$ 之最小值 8. $a,b>0$ 且 $ab=10$,求 $a+b$與$\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}$ 之最小值 --- ### 特殊例題(解答見最後) 1. $a,b>0$ 且 $9a^2+16b^2=10$,求$(3a-4b)^2$之最小值 2. $x>0$,求$x+\frac{1}{x}$之最小值 3. $x>-1$,求$x+\frac{1}{x+1}$之最小值 4. $x$在第一象限,求$cosx+\frac{1}{cosx}$之最小值 6. $a,b>0$ 且 $2a+5b=10$,求$log(ab)$之最大值 7. $a,b>1$ 且 $ab=15$,求$loga \times logb$之最大值 8. $ab=12$,且令$f(x)=2^x$,求$f(a)f(b)$之最小值 這種題目通常結合不同函數自身的性質(互為倒數、乘法公式、指數、對數、三角函數等),注意看最後要求的東西是相加還是相乘,是求最大值還是最小值,再回推算幾不等式的形態。 --- ### 危險題型(題目出得太乾淨,誤導觀念) (來自翰將複習講義108課綱,P.22例題8的詳解) #### 例題1 $a,b>0$ 且 $ab=16$,求$a+b+ \sqrt{a^2+b^2}$之最小值 > $\frac{a+b}{2} \ge \sqrt{ab}=4$,故$a+b \ge 8$,最小值$8$發生於$(a,b)=(4,4)$ $\frac{a^2+b^2}{2} \ge \sqrt{a^2b^2}=16$,故$a^2+b^2 \ge 32$,最小值$32$發生於$(a,b)=(4,4)$ 故總體最小值$Min=8+32=40$,發生在$(a,b)=(4,4)$ 這個例題具有誤導性,讓我們以為$f(a,b)+g(a,b)$的極值可以分開算再合併在一起。我們看看例題2 #### 例題2 $a,b>0$ 且 $ab=16$,求$3a+4b+ \sqrt{a^2+b^2}$之最小值 > $\frac{3a+4b}{2} \ge \sqrt{12ab}=6\sqrt{3}$,故$3a+4b \ge 12\sqrt{3}$,最小值$12\sqrt{3}$發生於$(a,b)=(4\sqrt{3},3\sqrt{3})$ $\frac{a^2+b^2}{2} \ge \sqrt{a^2b^2}=16$,故$a^2+b^2 \ge 32$,最小值$32$發生於$(a,b)=(4,4)$ 故總體最小值$Min=12\sqrt{3}+32$,發生在$(a,b)=(4,4)$與$(4\sqrt{3},3\sqrt{3})$ 兩項發生最小值的數對$(a,b)$不同,是不合理的。因為當$f(a,b)$有最小值時,帶入$g(a,b)$可能不是最小值。反之亦然。 所以$Max[f(x)+g(x)]=Max[f(x)]+Max[g(x)]$的關係式根本不存在。除非發生最大值時的$x$相同。希望同學不要倍這個題目誤導。 --- ### 歷屆試題 #### 107學測選填C ![](https://i.imgur.com/DKRCKr4.png) > $\Delta PAB=\frac{1}{2}r\sqrt{25-r^2}=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{r^2(25-r^2)}$之最大值:問相乘之最大值,找是否有相加 $\rightarrow r^2+(25-r^2)=25$為定值 算幾不等式:$\frac{r^2+(25-r^2)}{2}=\frac{25}{2} \ge \sqrt{r^2(25-r^2)}$ $\rightarrow \frac{25}{4} \ge \frac{1}{2} \sqrt{r^2(25-r^2)}$ 歷屆試題的算幾不等式一定會結合應用題,可能是幾何或情境。注意題目是否求「最大值 / 最小值」,以及尋找「可變動的變數」,找到「變動變數」是否相加或相乘為定值。掌握原則:「給相加則求相乘最大值」、「給相乘則求相加最小值」。 此外,有時候最大最小值的運算,需要思考最大最小值的四則運算與函數運算。請參考「[極值專題文章](https://hackmd.io/@aaronliu3140222/SJHqKIq6q)(建立中)」 ### 超出範圍之補充 #### 補充(一)均值不等式子:$HM-AM-GM-QM$ $Ineq$ $HM$:調和平均值 $\frac{2}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}}$ $AM$:算數平均值 $\frac{a+b}{2}$ $GM$:幾何平均值 $\sqrt{ab}$ $QM$:平方平均值 $\sqrt{\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}}$ 定理:對於$a,b>0$來說,$HM \ge AM \ge GM \ge QM$恆成立,等號成立於 $a=b$ 時。 #### 補出(二)高維度算幾不等式 二維:$\frac{a+b}{2} \ge \sqrt{ab}$ 三維:$\frac{a+b+c}{3} \ge {(abc)}^{\frac{1}{3}}$ N維:$\frac{1}{2}\ge {(abc)}^{\frac{1}{3}}$ ### 例題之解答 解答格式為「最大值$Y^*$發生在$(a^*,b^*)$時」 1. $25,(5,5)$ 2. $\frac{25}{12},( \frac{5}{3}, \frac{5}{4})$ 3. $5,(\sqrt{5},\sqrt{5})$ 4. $\frac{5}{12},( \frac{\sqrt{10}}{3}, \frac{\sqrt{10}}{4})$ 5. $2 \sqrt{10},(\sqrt{10},\sqrt{10})$ 6. $4 \sqrt{30},(\frac{2}{3} \sqrt{30},\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{30})$ 7. $\frac{1}{25},(\frac{1}{5},\frac{1}{5})$ 8. $2 \sqrt{10},(\sqrt{10},\sqrt{10})$ 與 $\frac{\sqrt{10}}{5},(\sqrt{10},\sqrt{10})$ ### 特殊例題之解答 1. $0,( \frac{\sqrt{10}}{3}, \frac{\sqrt{10}}{4})$ 2. $2,x=1$ 3. $1,x=0$ 4. $2,cosx=1$ $or$ $x=0$ 5. $log(2.5), (2.5,1)$ 6. $\frac{log(15)}{2}^2,(\sqrt{15},\sqrt{15})$ 7. $2^{4 \sqrt{3}}, (2\sqrt{3},2\sqrt{3})$

    Import from clipboard

    Paste your markdown or webpage here...

    Advanced permission required

    Your current role can only read. Ask the system administrator to acquire write and comment permission.

    This team is disabled

    Sorry, this team is disabled. You can't edit this note.

    This note is locked

    Sorry, only owner can edit this note.

    Reach the limit

    Sorry, you've reached the max length this note can be.
    Please reduce the content or divide it to more notes, thank you!

    Import from Gist

    Import from Snippet

    or

    Export to Snippet

    Are you sure?

    Do you really want to delete this note?
    All users will lose their connection.

    Create a note from template

    Create a note from template

    Oops...
    This template has been removed or transferred.
    Upgrade
    All
    • All
    • Team
    No template.

    Create a template

    Upgrade

    Delete template

    Do you really want to delete this template?
    Turn this template into a regular note and keep its content, versions, and comments.

    This page need refresh

    You have an incompatible client version.
    Refresh to update.
    New version available!
    See releases notes here
    Refresh to enjoy new features.
    Your user state has changed.
    Refresh to load new user state.

    Sign in

    Forgot password
    or
    Sign in via Facebook Sign in via X(Twitter) Sign in via GitHub Sign in via Dropbox Sign in with Wallet
    Wallet ( )
    Connect another wallet

    New to HackMD? Sign up

    By signing in, you agree to our terms of service.

    Help

    • English
    • 中文
    • Français
    • Deutsch
    • 日本語
    • Español
    • Català
    • Ελληνικά
    • Português
    • italiano
    • Türkçe
    • Русский
    • Nederlands
    • hrvatski jezik
    • język polski
    • Українська
    • हिन्दी
    • svenska
    • Esperanto
    • dansk

    Documents

    Help & Tutorial

    How to use Book mode

    Slide Example

    API Docs

    Edit in VSCode

    Install browser extension

    Contacts

    Feedback

    Discord

    Send us email

    Resources

    Releases

    Pricing

    Blog

    Policy

    Terms

    Privacy

    Cheatsheet

    Syntax Example Reference
    # Header Header 基本排版
    - Unordered List
    • Unordered List
    1. Ordered List
    1. Ordered List
    - [ ] Todo List
    • Todo List
    > Blockquote
    Blockquote
    **Bold font** Bold font
    *Italics font* Italics font
    ~~Strikethrough~~ Strikethrough
    19^th^ 19th
    H~2~O H2O
    ++Inserted text++ Inserted text
    ==Marked text== Marked text
    [link text](https:// "title") Link
    ![image alt](https:// "title") Image
    `Code` Code 在筆記中貼入程式碼
    ```javascript
    var i = 0;
    ```
    var i = 0;
    :smile: :smile: Emoji list
    {%youtube youtube_id %} Externals
    $L^aT_eX$ LaTeX
    :::info
    This is a alert area.
    :::

    This is a alert area.

    Versions and GitHub Sync
    Get Full History Access

    • Edit version name
    • Delete

    revision author avatar     named on  

    More Less

    Note content is identical to the latest version.
    Compare
      Choose a version
      No search result
      Version not found
    Sign in to link this note to GitHub
    Learn more
    This note is not linked with GitHub
     

    Feedback

    Submission failed, please try again

    Thanks for your support.

    On a scale of 0-10, how likely is it that you would recommend HackMD to your friends, family or business associates?

    Please give us some advice and help us improve HackMD.

     

    Thanks for your feedback

    Remove version name

    Do you want to remove this version name and description?

    Transfer ownership

    Transfer to
      Warning: is a public team. If you transfer note to this team, everyone on the web can find and read this note.

        Link with GitHub

        Please authorize HackMD on GitHub
        • Please sign in to GitHub and install the HackMD app on your GitHub repo.
        • HackMD links with GitHub through a GitHub App. You can choose which repo to install our App.
        Learn more  Sign in to GitHub

        Push the note to GitHub Push to GitHub Pull a file from GitHub

          Authorize again
         

        Choose which file to push to

        Select repo
        Refresh Authorize more repos
        Select branch
        Select file
        Select branch
        Choose version(s) to push
        • Save a new version and push
        • Choose from existing versions
        Include title and tags
        Available push count

        Pull from GitHub

         
        File from GitHub
        File from HackMD

        GitHub Link Settings

        File linked

        Linked by
        File path
        Last synced branch
        Available push count

        Danger Zone

        Unlink
        You will no longer receive notification when GitHub file changes after unlink.

        Syncing

        Push failed

        Push successfully