Chih-Cheng Liang
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    # Feedback to Astro on QF 感謝寫這篇文章介紹。我就直接講我的看法。文章有抓到「人頭」這件事的影響,但文章描述平方募資的目的和我的認知不一樣。 平方募資目的並不是為了解決「財富分配不均」的現象,而是要解決「公共財」募資上本質上的不效率。 公共財是一種市場失靈,高中公民課本應該會介紹與私有財、共有財、俱樂部財的不同。 你寫文章應該最能理解公共財的困境,因為文章與開源軟體一樣有很強的公共財性質。也就是同一時間很多人們可以同時使用你的文章,人們看了你的文章之後文章也不會突然變少,如果文章是公開的,你也不能阻止別人看。與之相對應的概念是私有財,像 iphone 一樣,一支手機你在用的時候,我就不能用,你可以阻止別人使用你的手機。 因此公共財的生產,只有很需要、最在乎的人才會去投入金錢。不太在乎但受益的人會等著別人消費或投資。這個問題俗稱搭便車問題(free-rider)。 現在解決公共財問題有幾種方式。一種是像你的部落格一樣,加上付費牆,也就是把公共財變成私有財,付費的人才能看。另外是有一個中央單位,像政府一樣強制大家出錢投資(收稅)我們需要的國防、空氣品質等。 但付費牆的問題是沒看到文章的人都是經濟效率的損失。中央單位的問題則是,投資效率就不像私有財的 VC 、民間投資單位有足夠的私利去冒險、鑽研一個目標,投出像 iphone 這種品質的產品。 平方募資做到的事情是,他利用募資池去鼓勵想搭便車的人去出資。以前的情況是投資公共財時,你只考慮到這個專案對自己的好處,因此很在乎的人去投,不太在乎的等別人投。但其實你的貢獻,不只會影響你自己,也會讓別人受益。平方募資的公式讓你在貢獻時不會只想到你自己,而是你的貢獻對其他人的好處,也要以某種方式回饋給你。那種方式就是募資池會再多補助這個公共財,讓你能從這個公共財受益。這個思路反映在平方募資的公式的兩兩交乘項,代表你的貢獻與其他人的貢獻交互影響的部分。 所以平方募資想做到的是減少公共財募資的效率損失。他設計了更好的誘因讓人們更願意去出資,更誠實反映一個公共財對自己的好處。也讓一個補助池的投資效率,從中央政府單位更逼近民間單位的那種效率一點點。 從資源使用者的角度也可以這樣看。你在做平方投票,決定資源池應該怎麼配置資源到哪些專案上。(你投的票數是你出資的開根號 <==> 你的出資是票數的平方) 跟直接做平方投票的不同是。平方投票要是前決定哪些候選選項,如果各種專案誰可以被投票還要先決定,就有爭議性。平方募資沒有議程設定的問題,不用事先決定有哪些專案可以投,而是新專案自己來報名。

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