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    # [Time Series] - TS2Vec(Towards Universal Representation of Time Series) 論文筆記 ###### tags: `Literature Reading` `Time Series` `Self-supervised` `Unsupervised` `deep learning` `Signal Process` - 彙整2022年底深度學習方法在處理時間序列資料上的資源、趨勢與SOTA模型,詳見[Deep Learning with Time Series data](https://hackmd.io/@YungHuiHsu/r1yCihCPo) ============================================= ==[2022。AAAI。TS2Vec: Towards Universal Representation of Time Series](https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.10466)== ![](https://i.imgur.com/DWk54ru.png =500x) - comment - 輕量、運算時間相當快、可輕易取得學習的特徵 - 支援多變量時間序列 - 同時透過不同層級多尺度的特徵比對提供不同層次的語意,提高特徵學習與通用化的能力 - 時序(temporal)、不同實例(instance) - 但缺乏頻率方面的特徵提取? - performance - ![](https://i.imgur.com/bpCcKYE.png =600x) - ![](https://i.imgur.com/0qIcqqK.png) - [github](https://github.com/yuezhihan/ts2vec) ## TS2Vec核心概念 ### 1. 模型架構 - 主要由一個編碼器組成,內含三層結構 - input projection layer - 將輸入透過簡單的線性全連結層映射為時間點(timestamp)的高維潛向量(high-dimensional latent vector) - timestamp masking module : - 將通過input projection layer產出的高維潛向量進行隨機遮蔽 - 注意,不是取原始資料,而是轉型過的高維潛向量 - dilated CNN擴張卷積(1-D) - 拓增感受的視野並維持filter大小 - 使用跳接的殘差模塊(residual blocks)萃取前後時間序列的特徵(contextual representation at each timestamp) - CNN運用於語言模型,為了捕捉長距離關係用的手段,後面常會接maxpool提取最顯著特徵 ### 2. 語境一致性(Contextual Consistency) - 過去應用於TS資料型態比對正樣本的策略 - 比對正樣本的(語意)一致性 - 包括時間上的(Temporal)、相鄰序列的(Subseries)、資料增強轉換(Transformation) ![](https://i.imgur.com/9CaMB2g.png) - 問題 - 當資料有shift或發生異常時,可能取到錯誤的正樣本 ![](https://i.imgur.com/K2fd2Gj.png) ### 3. 分層對比(Hierarchical Contrasting) - 以跨階層比較取得不同層級的語意一致性: - Temporal Contrastive Loss($L_{temp}$):同一時間序列相鄰時間 - 在正樣本選擇上,TS2VEC編碼器透過對相鄰時間樣本進行隨機裁切(Crop)後線性投影轉型成高維潛向量向後再遮蔽(Masking)(圖1),後面再使用擴張卷積(1-D dilated CNN)增加視野感受範及跳接的殘差模塊(residual blocks)萃取前後時間序列的特徵(contextual representation at each timestamp),以比對正樣本的(語意)一致性。 - Instance-wise Contrastive Loss($L_{inst}$):同一批次內的其他樣本 - 在負樣本選擇上,則以同批次的的其他資料作為負樣本,並透過階層式對比(Hierarchical Contrasting),各層間則以Maxpool 提取反映最大的特徵,強制讓編碼器在不同層級(論文使用3層)學習到的表徵具有一致性。 TS2VEC的損失函數則可以下列簡化的正、負樣本對loss計算組成 $$ Loss = L_{temp} + L_{inst} $$ --- ## Deep Learning相關筆記 ### Self-supervised Learning - [[Self-supervised] Self-supervised Learning 與 Vision Transformer重點筆記與近期發展](https://hackmd.io/7t35ALztT56STzItxo3UiA) - [[Time Series] - TS2Vec(Towards Universal Representation of Time Series) 論文筆記](https://hackmd.io/OE9u1T9ETbSdiSzM1eMkqA) ### Object Detection - [[Object Detection_YOLO] YOLOv7 論文筆記](https://hackmd.io/xhLeIsoSToW0jL61QRWDcQ) ### ViT與Transformer相關 - [[Transformer_CV] Vision Transformer(ViT)重點筆記](https://hackmd.io/tMw0oZM6T860zHJ2jkmLAA) - [[Transformer] Self-Attention與Transformer](https://hackmd.io/fmJx3K4ySAO-zA0GEr0Clw) - [[Explainable AI] Transformer Interpretability Beyond Attention Visualization。Transformer可解釋性與視覺化](https://hackmd.io/SdKCrj2RTySHxLevJkIrZQ) - [[Transformer_CV] Masked Autoencoders(MAE)論文筆記](https://hackmd.io/lTqNcOmQQLiwzkAwVySh8Q) ### Autoencoder相關 - [[Autoencoder] Variational Sparse Coding (VSC)論文筆記](https://hackmd.io/MXxa8zesRhym4ahu7OJEfQ) - [[Transformer_CV] Masked Autoencoders(MAE)論文筆記](https://hackmd.io/lTqNcOmQQLiwzkAwVySh8Q)

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