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    --- tags : DIT 11th 教學 -- 新生教學 --- {%hackmd BJrTq20hE %} # 聯軸器 ## 概要 $\;\;\;\;\;\;\;$聯軸器(coupling)是==直接連結兩條軸來傳輸動力的裝置==,使用於原動機和迴轉軸(馬達與軸相連)、迴轉軸與迴轉軸(軸與軸相連)的連接。 **使用目的** * 連結二個個別製造的旋轉機器的軸(如馬達和其他機械),在需要更換或維修時可以脫開。 * 增加機械的==可撓性==,允許軸有小幅度的偏差。 * 保護傳動軸,避免過轉矩。 **選擇方法** * 傳輸扭矩大小 * 迴轉軸的迴轉速度 * 連接軸直徑尺寸、固定方式 * 在聯軸器上作用的負荷種類 ## 分類 $\;\;\;\;\;\;\;$聯軸器依使用目的不同,結構上也不同設計,主要分為三類: :::success :::spoiler 剛性聯軸器(點擊) $\;\;\;\;\;\;\;$剛性聯軸器的好處是可以精確的傳遞扭矩,不過對於二個軸的同心度要求非常高,要求二個轉軸要在同一直線上。剛性聯軸器可分為以下幾類: * 套筒型:聯軸器以軸套的方式連接二個軸。 <center> <img src="https://i.imgur.com/VdZS7Ov.jpg" style="width:300px;"> <p style="font-size:14px">套筒型聯軸器示意</p> </img> </center> * 夾殼型:用夾殼與螺栓夾緊兩軸,同心度較低。 <center> <img src="https://i.imgur.com/5jKhRZy.jpg" style="width:300px;"> <p style="font-size:14px">夾殼型聯軸器示意</p> </img> </center> ::: :::success :::spoiler 撓性聯軸器(點擊) $\;\;\;\;\;\;\;$撓性聯軸器允許在有軸向、徑向或角度偏差時傳遞力矩,舉例如下: * 十字滑塊聯軸器:用於兩軸平行不共線的場合,由三個圓盤組成,在旋轉時,滑塊圓盤會有徑向的運動。 <center> <img src="https://i.imgur.com/9PQRcXb.jpg" style="width:300px;"> <p style="font-size:14px">十字滑塊聯軸器示意</p> </img> </center> * 萬向接頭:兩軸在任何角度下均可運作,不過兩軸不平行時當傳動軸等速旋轉,從動軸會有轉速變化。 <center> <img src="https://i.imgur.com/qvJnbHj.jpg" style="width:300px;"> <p style="font-size:14px">萬向接頭示意</p> </img> </center> ::: :::success :::spoiler 扭力限制聯軸器(點擊) $\;\;\;\;\;\;\;$扭力限制聯軸器又稱安全離合器、安全聯軸器,可以保護系統,避免出現過大的扭力。當發生過載故障時(扭矩超過設定值),扭力限制器便會產生分離,從而有效保護了驅動機械(如電機、減速機、伺服馬達)。 <center> <img src="https://i.imgur.com/8bJHqhB.jpg" style="width:300px;"> <p style="font-size:14px">扭力限制聯軸器示意</p> </img> </center> ::: $\;\;\;\;\;\;\;$ **** $\;\;\;\;\;\;\;$ # 齒輪傳動 ## 概要 $\;\;\;\;\;\;\;$齒輪為最常用的機械元件之一,之所以這般普及主要原因是不管是鐘錶齒輪,或大型輪船,齒輪都能確實傳遞動力。經由不同齒數的組合,可以得到不同的轉速比,利用齒輪組合數的增減則可以自由變換迴轉軸之間的相對位置。 $\;\;\;\;\;\;\;$齒輪的傳動功率和速度適用範圍較廣,具有恆定的轉速比且傳動效率高,然而齒輪的製造和安裝精度要求較高,價格昂貴,==精度低時震動與雜訊也較大,不宜用於軸間距離大的傳動。== ## 分類 $\;\;\;\;\;\;\;$齒輪種類繁多,根據齒輪傳動軸性來區分可分為三類:平行軸、相交軸、交錯軸類型,這些類型可在依齒型往下分類: * 平行軸齒輪:==正齒輪==、螺旋齒輪、內齒輪、==齒條== * 相交軸齒輪:==直齒傘形齒輪==、彎齒傘型齒輪 * 交錯軸齒輪:交錯軸螺旋齒輪、==蝸輪蝸桿== ![](https://i.imgur.com/cK5nZPA.png) 平行軸齒輪示意 ![](https://i.imgur.com/pETjRXO.png) 相交軸齒輪、交錯軸齒輪示意 $\;\;\;\;\;\;\;$ **** $\;\;\;\;\;\;\;$ # 時規皮帶 ## 概要 $\;\;\;\;\;\;\;$時規皮帶是一種透過==撓性傳動==(flexibledrive)傳遞動力的機械元件。當主動軸與從動軸軸距較遠,無法使用直接傳動時(如齒輪)則可使用同步帶。時規皮帶與平帶不同,平帶使用摩擦力與拉力傳遞,因此平帶與驅動輪間不可避免的會有相對運動,無法精確傳導。時規皮帶由於工作面與齒輪相似,能與時規皮帶輪的齒槽做嚙合傳動,==故時規皮帶與時規皮帶輪沒有相對滑動。== $\;\;\;\;\;\;\;$時規皮帶的傳動效率高、轉速傳遞精確,且適合連結軸距較遠的主從動軸,因此常被用於伺服機構中如機械手臂,機器人底盤等。 <center> <img src="https://i.imgur.com/UV36I5l.png"> <p style="font-size:14px">同步帶示意圖</p> </img> </center> :::success :::spoiler 撓性傳動(點擊) $\;\;\;\;\;\;\;$當主動軸與從動軸距離過遠,無法使用直接接觸傳動時,必須藉助具有撓曲性之聯接物,利用拉力與摩擦力兩機件連動而傳達運動或功率的方法,稱為「撓性傳動」(flexibledrive)。 $\;\;\;\;\;\;\;$常用的撓性聯接物有皮帶、繩索及鏈條等。 <center> <img src="https://i.imgur.com/peeM2G2.jpg" style="width:300px;"> <p style="font-size:14px">撓性傳動示意</p> </img> </center> ::: $\;\;\;\;\;\;\;$ ## 分類 $\;\;\;\;\;\;\;$按照齒形進行分類,時規皮帶主要分為梯形齒和圓弧齒兩大類。與齒輪傳動相對應,梯形齒的帶輪齒形為漸開線,圓弧齒則對應圓弧齒形。 <center> <img src="http://i1.kknews.cc/t_Ht-QA1OC9umcnj2QLLLEC8nSHno4Y5N7oCp6xvN8c/0.jpg"> <p style="font-size:14px">梯形齒(左)、圓弧齒(右)示意圖</p> </img> </center>

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