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    Nos oignons et ses hébergeurs ============================= Nos oignons n'existerait pas sans les hébergeurs qui acceptent d'accueillir les relais Tor de l'association. Nous sommes ravi·e·s d'annoncer que le fournisseur d'accès Internet associatif bordelais [Aquilenet](https://www.aquilenet.fr/) nous permet aujourd'hui d'[ajouter 50 Mbps de capacité au réseau Tor](https://metrics.torproject.org/rs.html#details/F47B13BFCE4EF48CDEF6C4D7C7A99208EBB972B5) ! Nous avons toujours préféré les *petits* hébergeurs, malgré le coût souvent supérieur. Lorsque nous invitons à [participer au financement de l'association](https://nos-oignons.net/Donnez/index.fr.html), nous indiquons qu'un relai coûte en moyenne, par mois, aux alentours de 200 euros. Cela surprend les personnes qui connaissent l'existance d'offres bien moins chères proposés par des hébergeurs *grand public*. Nous avons pourtant décidé d'aller voir ailleurs, chez les associations [tetaneutral.net](https://tetaneutral.net/), [Globenet](http://www.globenet.org/), et chez des hébergeurs commerciaux de taille moyenne, [Gandi](https://gandi.net/) et [Ielo-Liazo](http://www.ielo-liazo.com/). Pour une association comme Nos oignons qui visent à renforcer le réseau Tor, le coût n'est justement qu'un des critères de selection parmis d'autres. ## La diversité du réseau Le réseau Tor souffre d'un [problème de diversité](https://metrics.torproject.org/bubbles.html#as) : une grande majorité des relais est hebergée chez OVH, Online et Hetzner, trois mastodontes de l'hébergement grand public à tout petit prix. Avec l'algorithme actuellement utilisé par Tor pour choisir ses chemins entre les relais, il suffirait malheureusement de compromettre ces trois entités pour obtenir une vue conséquente du réseau, et ainsi facilement mener diverses attaques de désanonymisation. En plaçant nos relais chez d'autres hébergeurs, Nos oignons améliore qualitativement le réseau Tor : plus les relais sont chez des opérateurs différents, plus il est difficile de mener une surveillance globale du réseau, meilleur est sa sécurité. ## La gestion des abuses Internet n'étant pas uniquement constitué d'entités bienfaisantes, il s'y déroule en permanence diverses attaques : scans à la recherche de vulnérabilités à exploiter, campagnes de spams et de [phishing](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hame%C3%A7onnage), tentative de bruteforce de mots de passes… La procédure standard pour mettre fin à une attaque est d'envoyer un email de signalement à l'adresse `abuse@` de l'hébergeur de l'attaquant, afin qu'il prenne des mesures adéquates. Ces emails de signalement sont appelés par abus de langage des *abuses*. Le réseau Tor est parfois utilisé à des fins malveillantes, c'est pourquoi nos nœuds, qui représentent un peu plus de 1,5% du trafic de sortie, génèrent une bonne quantité d'*abuses* (la plupart générés par des sytèmes automatiques). Dans certains cas, il peut s'agir de [réquisitions judiciaires](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9quisition_judiciaire), auxquelles il faut répondre avec diligence. Afin d'être plus réactif et de soulager nos hébergeurs, nous demandons une délégation dans [la base WHOIS](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whois) pour les adresses IP de nos relais, afin que les *abuses* nous parviennent directement, et une équipe au sein de Nos oignons est dédiée à leur gestion. Obtenir une délégation est malheureusement souvent impossible chez de gros hébergeurs : ce sont uniquement leurs équipes qui s'occupent des *abuses*, et il leur est souvent bien plus simple de couper le serveur incriminé plutôt que d'enquêter, voir même d'interdire tout simplement Tor, afin de soulager leurs équipes de gestion des *abuses* ainsi que leur service juridique. ## Une relation de confiance La notion de confiance entre également en jeu : nous avons confiance en nos hébergeurs pour ne pas altérer ni regarder le trafic qui sort de nos nœuds, parce que nous les connaissons bien, et interragissons régulièrement ensemble. Ce n'est pas le cas avec d'autres hébergeurs grand public, que nous connaissons bien moins, et à qui nous n'accorderions sûrement pas la même confiance, surtout [par les temps qui courent](https://www.nextinpact.com/news/105612-renseignement-surveillance-par-boite-noire-a-debute.htm). Nous choisissons aussi des opérateurs soucieux de respecter la [neutralité du net](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralit%C3%A9_du_r%C3%A9seau). ## Une relation plus humaine Internet, ça ne sont pas uniquement des machines qui parlent entre elles, mais également des être humains, qui échangent, communiquent, construisent, réparent, produisent… Nous préférons avoir une relation humaine et solidaire avec nos hébergeurs, plutôt que de n'être qu'un numéro client qui paye des factures : nos hébergeurs nous aident (humainement et financièrement) parce qu'ils sont convaincus que ce que nous faisons est important. Parce qu'ils sont de taille réduite, ils n'ont pas les même moyens que les géants, sont donc plus chers mais également plus enclins à nous faire des prix réduits dans la mesure du possible. ## Merci ! Ce sont ces relations de confiance et l'intérêt partagé pour le réseau Tor que nous tissons annés après années qui amène par exemple [tetaneutral.net](https://tetaneutral.net/) à nous proposer d'augmenter significativement le débit de notre nœud *marylou* ([1](https://metrics.torproject.org/rs.html#details/578E007E5E4535FBFEF7758D8587B07B4C8C5D06), [2](https://metrics.torproject.org/rs.html#details/90FD830C357A5109AB3C505287713F1AC811174C)) après une [renégociation](https://lists.tetaneutral.net/pipermail/technique/2018-June/003239.html) de leur [capacité de transit](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transit_IP). Nos oignons a pu ainsi ajouter 250 Mbps de capacité au réseau Tor sans toucher à son budget ! Un autre membre de la [Fédération des Fournisseurs d'Accès Internet Associatif](https://www.ffdn.org/), [Aquilenet](https://www.aquilenet.fr/) a souhaité contribuer au réseau Tor. L'association nous a donc proposé de prendre en charge le coût d'une machine virtuelle et de 50 Mbps de transit. Ce [nouveau nœud de sortie]( https://metrics.torproject.org/rs.html#details/F47B13BFCE4EF48CDEF6C4D7C7A99208EBB972B5 ) s'appelle `elenagb`. En hommage à [Elena Gianini Belotti]( https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elena_Gianini_Belotti), auteure et sociologue, qui a mis en évidence dans [Du côté des petites filles](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du_c%C3%B4t%C3%A9_des_petites_filles) l'étendue des discriminations sexistes qui existent dès la petite enfance. Au-delà de nos relais, merci à toutes les organisations et les personnes qui nous aident [matériellement]](https://nos-oignons.net/Partenaires/) et [financièrement](https://nos-oignons.net/Donnez/) ! -+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ *Version anglaise* Nos oignons and its hosting providers ===================================== Nos oignons wouldn't exist without the providers accepting to host our Tor relays. We are more than pleased to announce that the associative Internet Access Provider from Bordeaux [Aquilenet](https://www.aquilenet.fr/) is now helping us to [add 50 Mbps of capacity to Tor network](https://metrics.torproject.org/rs.html#details/F47B13BFCE4EF48CDEF6C4D7C7A99208EBB972B5)! We have always prefered small hosting providers, despite the often large incurred cost. On our [donation webpage](https://nos-oignons.net/Donnez/index.en.html), we're giving a rough estimation of how much a single relay costs us per month: it's around 200 euros. This might surprise some people used to much cheaper offers by mainstream hosters. We're making the conscious choice to look for alternatives, like the [tetaneutral.net](https://tetaneutral.net/) or [Globenet](http://www.globenet.org/) associations, or medium-sized commercial hosting providers like [Gandi](https://gandi.net/) and [Ielo-Liazo](http://www.ielo-liazo.com/). For an association like Nos oignons, dedicated to strengthen the Tor network, cost is just one criteria amongst others. ## The diversity of the network The Tor network is currently suffering from a [diversity issue](https://metrics.torproject.org/bubbles.html#as): a large majority of the relays is hosted by OVH, Online and Hetzner, three mastodons of mainstream web hosting; offering very competitive price. Because of the way paths are constructed inside the Tor network by the clients, a comprehensive view of the network could be obtained by compromising these three entities, allowing to conduct various straightforward deanonymization attacks. By chosing to use other hosters, Nos oignons significatively improves the quality of the Tor network: the more relays are hosted by different entities, the more difficult it is to conduct global monitoring of the network, and therefore the more secure it is. ## Abuse management Internet isn't only made of friendly entities, various dragnet attacks are permanently taking place: scans to search vulnerabilities to exploit, spams and [phishing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phishing) campains, credentials bruteforcing… The go-to procedure to mitigate those is to send an email at the `abuse@` address of the attacker's hoster, so that appropriate actions, like a contract termination, could be taken. The Tor network is sometime used for malicious purposes, that's why our relays, who represent a bit more than 1,5% of the total exit trafic of the Tor network, generate a significant amount of abuses (most of them are generated by automatic systems). In some cases, these may be legal requisitions, calling for a swift answer. In order to be more responsive and to alleviate our hosters, we are asking them for a delegation in [the WHOIS database](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHOIS) for the IP addresses of our relays, so that abuses are sent to us directly: we do have, within Nos oignons a dedicated team to handle them properly. Unfortunately, it is often impossible to obtain a delegation from the aforementioned large hosting companies: the only people dealing with abuses are their own employees, and it is often much easier to shut down the offending servers than to investigate. Sometimes Tor is simply completely banned from their network, to reduce the load on their abuse management and legal teams. ## A relationship based on trust The concept of trust also matters a lot: we do trust our hosters to not tamper with, nor modify the connections coming out of our relays, because we know them well, and we regularly interact with each other. This is not the case with other mainstream hosters, that we don't know as well, and in whom we surely do not have the same trust, especially [those days](https://www.nextinpact.com/news/105612-renseignement-surveillance-par-boite-noire-a-debute.htm). We're also chosing hosters that are abiding by the [net neutrality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_neutrality) rules. ## A human-based relationship Internet, is not only made of machines exchanging data together, it's also human being, talking, communicating, building, repairing, producing… We do prefer to have a more human and solidary relationship with our hosters, instead of being yet an other client number that pays the bills: our hosters are helping (materially and humanely) because they are convinced that what we're achieving is important. Because they're small, they don't have the same means as the tech giants, so they are therefore more expensive but also more inclined to make us discounted prices when possible. ## Thank you! Trust, relationships and shared interest in the Tor network created years after years bring for example [tetaneutral.net](https://tetaneutral.net/) to offer to significately raise the bandwidth of our relay marylou ([1](https://metrics.torproject.org/rs.html#details/578E007E5E4535FBFEF7758D8587B07B4C8C5D06), [2](https://metrics.torproject.org/rs.html#details/90FD830C357A5109AB3C505287713F1AC811174C)) after an evolution [renegociation](https://lists.tetaneutral.net/pipermail/technique/2018-June/003239.html) of their [peering agreement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_backbone#Peering_agreements). This allowed Nos oignons to increase the capacity of the Tor network by 250 Mbps without any impact on its budget! An other member of the [Fédération des Fournisseurs d'Accès Internet Associatif](https://www.ffdn.org/en), [Aquilenet](https://www.aquilenet.fr/) wanted to contribute to the Tor network by offering us a virtual machine and 50 Mbps of bandwidth, for free. This [new exit node]( https://metrics.torproject.org/rs.html#details/F47B13BFCE4EF48CDEF6C4D7C7A99208EBB972B5 ) is called `elenagb`, after Elena Gianini Belotti, writer and sociologist, who highlighted in her book "Dalla parte delle bambine" the extent of sexist discrimination that exists from early childhood. Beside our relays, many thanks to every organisation and people that are helping us in a [material](https://nos-oignons.net/Partenaires/) and [financial](https://nos-oignons.net/Donnez/) way!

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