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    # 在保守思維的傳統企業中實踐敏捷導入 - 董大偉 David Tung * 以前常在大企業(TSMC, ViewSonic...)幫忙敏捷轉型,現在想其它中小型公司是不是也能導入 * 中小企業才是台灣的真實現況 * 97.65都是中小企業 * 80%左右員工都在中小企業工作 * 台灣大多數公司是200人以下的 * 通常缺乏數位化基礎 * COVID-19疫情成為數位/敏捷轉型的重要推手 * Greenfield vs Brownfield * Greenfield * 沒有包袱 * 員工年輕 * 工作模式易於調整 * Brownfield * 固定,難改變 * 客戶背景 * 30-80人,公司歷史>30年 * 數位化工具導入比例低 * 都聽過敏捷,但不知道具體內容 * 呂世浩 - 學歷史的大用 * 碰到書上描述的關鍵內容,我也會把書關起來,想一想我會怎麼做 * 待會會有情境,大家也可以做一些選擇 * 你會怎麼開始導入敏捷? * 辦教育訓練 * 對團隊訪談 * [o]設定短期目標 * 找種子團隊試行 * [x]打預防針,先說敏捷適合或不適合什麼組織 * LIKE SCRUM, NONE OF THESE FIX ANYTHING * 體重計,血壓計,鏡子 * 客戶其實不會不知道自己的問題在那裡 * 只是不知道怎麼處理 * 或不想付出代價來處理 * 不想聽"會被突顯問題,但無法解決" * 簡化需求設定短期目標(提出承諾) * Can be used to gain early wins - 多少? * Are small enough to be achievable in a reasonalbe time-frame * Have benefits that are significant enough to be obvious to the organization ## 第一個錯誤 * 客戶有自己的節奏 * 太快,客戶會反彈 * 必須 盡快&持續 讓客戶看到成效 * 增加力道(但阻力也會變更大)or放緩(回到過去),都不會讓你想要的改變發生 * 當你積極推動敏捷,同仁開始抗拒,你會怎麼做? * 尋求上級資源,更用力 * 配合組織同仁,放緩 * [o] 讓大家更快看到成效 * 請大家吃飯 * 推力 vs 阻力 vs 成效 * 有看到成效,阻力才會降低,絕不是因為推力的關係 * 領導力的五個層次 - John C. Maxwell 從內做起 * 尊敬 - 因為你的為人和信念 * 立人 - 是因為你為他所做的一切 * 成果 - 是因著你成就的一切 * 認可 - 自願 * 職位 - 因為不得不 * Value stream 價值流程圖 - 提供企業變革時的 思考和決策 參考 * TOC 限制理論 * 找出瓶頸 * 改善系統而非單一節點 * 再次強調 提出承諾 很重要 * 滾動式轉型 絕對不是一件好事 * 不能一直改變方向 ## 怎麼開始一個敏捷轉型 * 敏捷轉型 * 維運單位 * 視覺化 (Kanban) * 透明度 * 軟體開發 * 自動化 * 看板導入很重要 * 不關切,不在意,不更新->怎麼辦? * 截圖 email 給大家 * 加可愛圖片 * [o] Daily meeting * 連結到績效考核 * 全是例行性工作 (做報表做報表,測試測試...) * 難道你的工作沒有任何可優化的? * 員工:那是主管的工作 * 例行性工作是否要放上團隊看板? * 從事例行性工作的成員,要不要參與 daily scrum * 會不會,這顆2人根本就不是一個團隊... * 怎樣的一群人才是一個團隊 * 同辦公事? * 同部門? * 相同工作? * [o] 共同目標 * 共同的利害關係 * 水平團隊 vs 垂直團隊 -> 最想改變的,但一直很難做 * 水平 * 彼此易競爭,不易合作,本位主義 * 垂直 * 凝聚力向心力會高很多 * 1910年的組織圖,跟現在其實長差不多 * 企業的組織結構 * 紅綠燈 vs 圓環 * 那個效率好?(圓環) * 那個肇事率高?(紅綠燈) * 如果你是市長... * 圓環 - 靠團隊成員 * 紅綠燈 - 主管控制 * 如何面對低產值的事務性工作? * 找工讀生 * [o] 自動化 * [o] 委外 * 試試看不做會怎樣 * 同仁沒有可連結的目標,也沒有PSPI... * 我很敏捷,但無法產出成果 * 無法產出成果 是沒用的 * 必須有目標 * 如何設定目標 * 明確可量測 * 可實現但有挑戰性 * 你可以用 * Impact Mapping * OKR/CRF * WIG * 願景 * 高雄發大財 * to be * 目標 * 從願景展開,短時間,小範圍,可量測 * to achieve * 落後指標+領先指標 * 以減重為例 * 願景:成為一個健康的人 * 目標:減重 * 落後指標:三個月內減少10kg * 領先指標:降低卡路里,運動量 * 找到領先指標,你就: * 找到實現目標的路徑 * 成為好爸爸 * 願景:成為好爸爸 * 目標:改善親子關係 * 落後指標:提升孩子主動與自己談心的次數 * 領先指標:增加一起去看球賽,演唱會的次數 * 問題與挑戰 - Goal * 傾向訂定保守或一定可以達成的目標(害怕無法達標) * 因為潛意識相信:無法達標會跟績效綁在一起 * 不要把個人目標跟績效考核連結在一起 * 但要把團隊目標跟績效考核連結在一起 * 團隊氛圍會更好 * 例如:樂團,球隊 * 問題與挑戰 - Sprint * 無止盡的插單 * 多工,多專案 * 放心,你不孤單 * Evaporating cloud (衝突圖) * 背後的原因 -> 人力資源需要有效規劃與使用 * 問題與挑戰 - Daily Scrum * 問題與挑戰 - Review Meeting * 問題與挑戰 - Retrospective * 竟然都沒碰到問題 * 順序 * 感謝其它夥伴 * 那些地方我們做的不錯? * 那些可以更好? * Blameless Postmortem * 成員疏失,團隊損失數十萬元,你該怎麼辦 * 放手?保護?掩蓋? * 我陪你一起負責,然後你對自己負責,團隊則一起成長 * 結論-給SM * SM/Coach看似美好 * 團隊需要引導/陪伴/協助,而非管理 * 結論-原則 * 不能很Scrum,也可以很敏捷 * 視覺化,透明度,專注於交付改善呈現價值 * Early Wins * 降低阻力的最好方法是 * 只有敏捷沒有產出一樣沒用 * 結論-工具 * Value Stream Mapping * Eisenhower Matrix ## Questions * 敏捷適用的情況 * 有些情境確實沒那麼適合,例如:有些出錯會死人的,如醫療 * Daily meeting 每天開很多會 * 絕對不要延長他

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