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    # ACE 評估 ## 評估流程 ![](https://i.imgur.com/gNzob32.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/JCiXSqF.png) - 有經驗的教練必須充分理解客戶需求,確定適當的測試組合,然後創建恰當的時間線 ### 評估項目 - 健康風險 - 淨息測量:心律/血壓/身高/體重 - 靜態姿勢 - 柔韌度 - 動作篩查 - 平衡 - 核心功能 - 健康相關評估 - 肌肉耐力 - 肌肉力量 - 技能相關 - 身體組成 - 心肺適應能力 ### 評估工具 - 自感用力度 - 鍛鍊感覺量表 - 行為概述範本 ## 健康風險評估 - 於初步探討時進行 ### PAR-Q 問卷 - 是最低限度但安全的運動前篩查 - 易於實施且無損害性 - 缺乏細節,可能忽略重要的健康狀況、藥物和過去損傷狀況 - 若有至少一個問題答「是」,最好請客戶聯繫醫師 ### ACSM 風險分級 - 幫助確認: - 是否存在已知心血管、肺部和/或代謝病? - 是否存在心血管風險因素? - 是否存在指示心血管、肺部和/或代謝病的體徵或症狀? - 過程涉及三個步驟: - 確定冠狀動脈(CAD)風險因素 - 基於 CAD 風險因素進行分級 - 確定是否需要體和醫療監督 | 風險因素 | 標準 | 分數 | | - | - | - | | 年齡 | [男性|女性] >= [45|55] 歲 | +1 | | 家族史 | [父親|母親]或一級[男性|女性]親屬在 [55|65] 歲前出現心肌梗塞、冠狀動脈血運重建或猝死 | +1 | | 吸菸 | 目前吸煙或戒菸未滿 6 個月、或暴露於二手菸環境 | +1 | | 坐式生活 | 三個月內未達到每週運動 3 天、至少 30 分鐘的中等強度運動 | +1 | | 肥胖 | BMI >= 30 或[男性|女性]腰圍大於[102|88]公分 | +1 | | 高血壓 | 收縮壓 >= 140 和/或舒張壓 >= 90,通過至少在兩個不同時間測量確定,或目前正在服用降壓藥 | +1 | | 血脂異常 | LDL 膽固醇 >= 130 或 HDL 膽固醇 < 40 或正在服用降血脂藥,或血清膽固醇 >= 200 | +1 | | 糖尿病前期 | 空腹血糖 >= 100 且 <= 125,或者患有葡萄糖耐量降低,OGTT 值 >= 140 且 <= 199 | +1 | | HDL 膽固醇 | >= 60 | -1 | - 風險分級 - < 2 :低風險,完全不用醫生 - >= 2:中風險,劇烈運動要醫生 - 有已知的心血管/肺/腎/代謝病:高風險,全都要醫生 ### 其他評估 - 知情同意書 - 免責聲明書 - 健康史問卷 - 運動史與運動態度問卷 - 免責就醫授權書 - 測試表 > 在專業關係建立之初就應該進行生理評估? ## 功能評估 ![](https://i.imgur.com/72Fp2UU.png) ### 靜態姿勢評估 - 骨盆前傾(腰椎前凸) + 胸椎正常 = 脊椎前凸(下交叉症候群) - 骨盆前傾(腰椎前凸) + 胸椎後凸 = 駝背 - 骨盆後傾(腰椎後凸) + 胸椎正常 = 平背 - 骨盆後傾(腰椎後凸) + 胸椎後凸 = 搖擺背 - 脊椎側凸 #### 肌肉平衡如何達成動作效率? - 肌肉平衡 - 正常的長度-張力關係 - 正常的力偶關係 - 正確的關節力學 - 有效受力與發力 - 促進關節穩定性與靈活性 - 動作效率 #### 運用鉛垂線 - 額狀面觀 - 正面 - 背面 - 矢狀面觀 - 橫斷面觀 #### 可能的偏離 - 踝關節旋前/旋後以及對脛骨/股骨旋轉的影響 - 髖內收(髖上提) - 骨盆前傾/後傾 - 肩部與胸椎 - 肩胛前伸 - 翼狀肩胛 - 頭部姿勢 ### 動作篩查 - 屈髖提起 - 跨欄步 - 俯臥撐穩定性 - 胸椎靈活度 ### 柔韌性與肌肉長度測試 - 湯瑪士測試 - 檢測髖關節屈肌/股四頭肌的長度 - 被動直腿抬高 - 檢測膕繩肌的長度 - 肩部靈活性 - 屈曲 - 伸展 - 內旋 - 外旋 - Apley 摸背 ### 平衡與核心測試 - 強化 Romberg 測試 - 鶴姿站立平衡 - 男性 - 50 秒以上:優秀 - 41~50 秒:良好 - 31~40 秒:中等 - 20~30 秒:尚可 - < 20 秒:較差 - 女性 - 30 秒以上:優秀 - 25~30 秒:良好 - 16~24 秒:中等 - 10~15 秒:尚可 - < 10 秒:較差 - McGill 軀幹肌肉耐力測試 - 伸展能力要比屈曲能力好 - 軀幹屈肌/伸肌耐力 - (屈/伸) < 1.0 - 軀幹側向耐力 - 0.95 < (右/左) < 1.05 - (左/伸) < 0.75 - (右/伸) < 0.75 ## 生理評估 ### 瘦組織與脂肪組織 - 流體靜力秤重 - 皮脂厚度測量 - 男 - 腋前線與乳頭中點/髖與膝的中點/肚臍旁 3 公分 - 女 - 肩峰與鷹嘴突中點/髖與膝的中點/髂前上脊正上方 ### 體型大小 - BMI - 圍長 - 腰臀比 - 風險門檻 - 男 > 0.95 - 女 > 0.86 ### 心肺適應能力 #### 最大攝氧量 - YMCA 腳踏車測試 - Rockport 步行測試 - 1.5 英里跑步測試 #### 通氣閾 - VT1 談話測試 - VT2 測試 #### 心律 - YMCA 次最大踏階測試 ### 肌耐力 - 俯臥撐測試 - 捲腹 - 自重深蹲 ### 肌力 - 1 RM 臥推 - 1 RM 腿推 - 1 RM 深蹲 #### 重複表 - 5次 = 87% 1RM - 6次 = 85% 1RM - 8次 = 80% 1RM - 12 次 = 67% 1RM ### 爆發力 - 立定跳 - 縱跳 ### 速度/敏捷性/快速反應性 - Pro 敏捷測試 - 40 碼衝刺跑 ### 適應能力測試精度 - 客戶因素 - 教練因素 - 設備因素 - 環境因素 ###### tags: `ace-cpt`

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