為思考做一些紀錄
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    # 【MBTI心得筆記02 - 為什麼要了解榮格八維功能? 】 榮格認為人的意識發展就是「自性化」的過程 (也就是個體化的過程,如何從父母乃至整體社會給予的觀念破繭而出) 並非要大家拒絕所有外界資訊 而是認識更完整的自己,形成自我意識與認知 或是說,意識到「自我」的存在 「自我」由各種感覺、知覺、思維和情感組成 透過對自我人格的分化、整併與調和 個體人格的結構在意識的作用之下會進行篩選 (例如:聽到一段話會先注重什麼,是邏輯因果關係?還是對方的情緒語氣?又或是對方目的是什麼?) 這些能使個體人格能保持連續性,也不斷的塑造、更新並充實自我 *連續性的重要在於,不易使個體產生嚴重的認知衝突,使自我能保持穩定性 ## 簡介 根據榮格分析心理學的原型 我們可以將心智功能分為八種功能 這八個功能態度的「不同表現」 (用不同表現這個詞是讓大家習慣功能順序與強弱無關) 形成了我們所熟知的16種人格類型 上篇提到不能只用四個英文字母就判斷每個類型的差異 例如:ISFJ與INFJ雖然看起來差別在於N、S而已 但他們兩個的 Si(內傾感覺)一個在第一,另一個則是第八 這也就是為什麼用I/E、N/S、T/F、J/P這四個偏好判斷時 容易錯判且時常變動人格類型 一般習慣了八個功能有位置順序的關係 所以往往認為第一功能發展得最好,第八功能則最差 不過事實並非如此,每個位置有其特殊意義 每個人對於八個功能有不同的使用偏好與表現 因此造就了不同的人格類型 然而不同功能會互相作用,所以即便在同樣位置的同樣功能 所展現出來的樣態也會不一樣 例如:ISTJ以及INTJ的第二功能皆為 Te(外傾思考) 但是在同一位置也會受到不同的主導功能(第一功能)影響 (ISTJ 為 Si , INTJ 則是 Ni) ISTJ偏向根據自己的經驗來參考他人的做法,會紮實的去解決某個問題 而INTJ偏向想像、預測該作法的結果後,再決定找出有無更好的做法 ## 不同位置的意義 我們會將1 ~ 4的功能稱為「陽面功能」,5~8則是「陰面功能」 陽面較容易優先分化發展與運用 陰面從字面上可以想成是個體心裡的陰影面 也能理解成陽面功能的相互補償與防禦機轉 ### 《陽面功能》 【第一功能】又稱主導功能,原型為英雄(國王) 是我們最早發展出來(兒童時期)的功能,也會下意識的使用它 正因為是自己的優勢並帶來了自信 個體依賴並本能運用,為個體人格核心之所在 【第二功能】又稱輔導功能,原型為父親(宰相) 開始發展的時間大約是在青少年階段(二三功能時間差不多) 受到第一依戀對象(通常是父母)以及家庭教養方式影響 通常用來幫助他人,對他人、自己給予支援並幫助發展產生互動 輔助功能與主導功能運用得當時 便能相輔相成,將前面兩個功能發揮出強大的效益 但如果個體在壓力很大的情況之下,有可能出現關閉第二功能 則會造成一三功能循環( 13 loop ),有點類似情緒與思維的死胡同 為什麼在不正常情況,只使用第一第三功能會出問題? 是因為我們每個功能都是內外內外 or 外內外內來相互排序 有輸入輸出才會讓個體不至於過度內耗或完全只接收外界的訊息 例如:ISFJ的第二功能為Fe(外傾情感) 此功能偏向製造團體和諧,維護團隊氣氛 如果在這些與他人相處之中受挫,累積許多不平 容易形成Si-Ti的循環,不停的質疑自己經驗所形成的內在價值觀 其他功能沒有很好的發揮打破這個循環時,便會一日又一日的內耗 【第三功能】原型為永恆少年(參謀) 永恆少年意味著永遠停留於這個年紀 像我們青春期一樣不受控,時而高漲時而低靡 因此功能的表現不太穩定,需要第二功能(父親的腳色)去保護與增強 通常與青少年時期的成長環境有關 像是當時你與父母之間互動方式或自己所做的選擇 (偏向主觀與否?先思考事情的對錯?還是先傾向聆聽對方情緒?) 【第四功能】又稱劣勢功能 這個位置是我們不擅長使用或不受控制的 但它卻是在探索與發展主導功能的驅動程式 且與第五功能的內外傾向一樣 因此是連接「陰面功能」重要的橋梁 這邊先破題,因為八個功能排序遵守一定的規律 內為i;外為e 而有了(iei**e**,**e**iei)或是(eie**i**,**i**eie) ### 《陰面功能》 陰面四維就是陽面四維的陰影 許多時候常被我們所刻意排斥與遠離 但有光就有影,它也實實在在的影響著 有正面也有負面的作用 就看每個人如何去擁抱自己的陰影功能 承認它,也與它相處、和解 因為如果沒有意識到陰影的存在 便會難以達成我們第一篇提到的「自性化」 不容易發揮功能適切之外 也很常造成功能之間的惡性循環 【第五功能】又稱膠水功能 也就是主導功能的陰影,他們彼此內外互補 例如: <1>為 Ni(內傾直覺)時,<5>就是Ne(外傾直覺) 它扮演著平衡陰陽的角色 所以我們可以看到在發展成熟的個體上 一、五功能的使用程度與偏好程度會差不多 (不過因為主導功能不同,就算一五都用得很好,兩個類型思考源頭是完全不一樣的) 【第六功能】又稱批評家功能,原型為長老 作為第二功能「父親」的陰影 本來是個給予他人幫助與支持的角色 此時卻成為了妨礙、批評的長老 像個食古不化的老人拒絕改變 去懷疑自我、抨擊反抗他人 如果正視它的存在或意識到並給予限制 就能降低第六功能帶來的危險 在我們將第二功能發展成熟後 第六功能也可以發揮它的優勢 藉著其挑剔的本性,察覺事情違和之處 【第七功能】又稱盲點功能(原型為小丑) 與年少時創傷經驗相關 身為第三功能的陰影,很大不同的是 <3>這個永恆少年雖然不太穩定還是能有所發揮的 但盲點就是讓個體難以察覺到自己是否正在這個狀態 或完全沒意識到該不該使用 【第八功能】又稱魔鬼功能 是我們最隱晦、最不想面對的功能 其實我們也對它毫無警覺 大部分的人都無法意識到惡魔功能帶給他人的影響 從年幼剛開始發展第一功能時 便將之丟棄,撿來使用的機會微乎其微 不過當我們面臨壓力時,第一第二受到壓制 魔鬼便會出來破壞並給予極大的傷害 例如:ENTP的第八功能為Se(外傾感覺) 當他們遇到慌亂且無法解決的問題時 壓抑了第一第二功能( Ne & Ti ) 為了逃避而追求當下的快樂與體驗來麻痺自我 這也使得他們放棄看見其他的可能性(Ne) --- 後記: 我們每個人都有能力與自己對話 只不過潛意識就像水面下的冰山那樣 龐大而隱密 陰暗而冰冷 邁向自我覺察的道路實屬不易 縱然知道永遠不可能把堅硬的冰晶全部敲破 卻還是拾起槌子,拾起勇氣直視自己的陰影 ###### tags: `MBTI`

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