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    # 高爾夫球 ###### tags: `RD1-Sport` :::spoiler 目錄 > [TOC] ::: ![](https://i.imgur.com/BL4wjhT.png) ## 基本規則 ![](https://ianlin17.github.io/Golf_intro/images/fairway.jpg) - 一般十八洞的球場,是由四個短洞,四個長洞以及十個中洞所構成,標準桿為七十二桿,然而,若有地形特殊和土地面積大小等因素的差異,其標準桿亦可介於七十二桿加減三桿之間。易言之,十八洞標準桿在六十九至七十五桿之間皆可被接受,而短、中、長洞的距離規定如下: - 男子標準 – - 250碼以內 3桿 - 251~445碼 4桿 - 446~600碼 5桿 - 601碼以上 6桿 - 女子標準 – - 210碼以內 3桿 - 211~400碼 4桿 - 401~575碼 5桿 - 576碼以上 6桿  - 短洞-標準桿三桿 (Par3),長度在250碼以下。 - 中洞-標準桿四桿 (Par4),長度在251至470碼之間。 - 長洞-標準桿五桿 (Par5),長度在471碼以上。 - 高爾夫球場每一洞由發球台、球道、果嶺及粗草區、障礙區組成。 ## 賽制 - 總桿賽(Stroke Play) 以一場18洞打完的總成績來決定勝負的比賽方法。桿數最少的人為剩(稱總桿冠軍) 但在業餘比賽時通常會以總桿(GROSS)扣除差點(HANDICAP)所得的成績來決定勝負(稱淨桿冠軍) 例如:A差點5,B差點10,C差點15,D差點30 比賽結果:總桿A:78桿,B:82桿,C:90桿,D:101桿 淨桿成績:A:78-5=73,B:82-10=72,C:90-15=75,D:101-30=71 淨桿冠軍為D君71桿 職業選手每一場比賽均已四天72洞的成績計算,總和最少者為勝。如有二人以上成績相同就需進入延長賽(PLAYOFF)。 - 逐洞賽(Match Play) 為每一個洞為一單元來決定輸或贏之比賽,每一洞桿數最少之一方,即為該洞之獲勝者,在比賽規定之洞數,一般均為18洞,但也有2回會36洞之逐洞賽,如果一方領先之洞數超過未打之洞數,勝負已分故可終止比賽,領先之一方即為優勝者。 例如:假設球員A和球員B參加一對一比賽,在第一洞比賽中,A擊出的杆數少於B,於是A贏得了該洞的勝利,這時表述為「A領先1洞」,如以B為主語,則表述為「B落後1洞」。這樣在一輪比賽中,選手在每一個洞決出一個小分,最後當其中一方選手領先優勢已不能被逆轉(超分)時,這一回合比賽結束。這時勝利一方的領先洞數(X)和剩餘未比賽的球洞數(Y)被記錄下來,表述為「X and Y」。舉例來說,當一方選手經過數輪比賽後,領先另一方5洞,但剩餘球洞只有4個,因此該選手必定取得勝利,因此表述為「某某以5 and 4獲勝」。當領先洞數等於剩餘洞數時,領先球員會被稱為「等洞方」(Dormie),意為他基本上可以在剩下的比賽中安心等待勝利的來臨。 - 四人二球賽(Foursomes) 二人對二人之比賽,而且是每隊各打一個球之比賽。各洞打球時,同隊之打者應輪流替換打球,直到將球打進洞為止,而在T台發球也應輪流替換,即同隊之球友一個人負責開奇數洞之球,另一個人則負責開偶數洞之球。各洞如遇有罰球時,不影響其打球順序。逐洞賽時,如同隊之球員沒有照順序打球,則該洞即算輸。而總桿賽如順序打錯,則應罰兩桿,並應從打錯順序之位置重新打。 - 四球賽 - 四球逐洞賽(Four-Ball Match Play)  兩隊每隊各派兩人對兩人之比賽,每人各打一個球,但是在接下去之第二桿,各隊可選擇同組中較佳之球位置打第二桿,即同隊之兩人,均可在同組中第一桿最佳球位置,各打一桿算第二桿。 假設 第4桿 上果嶺後,也是可選擇較靠近洞口之位置,同組兩個人可在該位置推兩次,當然如先推的人,已推進洞,另一人則可不必推了。如果果嶺後,同組的第一位先推沒推進,而另一人隨後推進,則該洞他們成績算3桿。也就是同組的人雖有二人打球,但只有一份成績,而比每洞桿數較少者為贏,如同桿則為平手(HALVED)。 - 四球總桿賽(Four-Ball Strok Play) 兩隊每隊各派兩人為一組,共4人,每人各打1個球,同組中同隊兩人的桿數較低者,為該隊之成績,即在某洞同隊中1人打3桿、1人打四桿, 則該洞該隊之成績繫以較好之3桿計。由於一組中同隊的球友均有2人,因此如有一人無法完成比賽或放棄某洞之比賽也無所謂,因只要另一人有成績出來即可。 - 每一洞均有其基準桿數稱為標準桿(PAR)。當成績比標準桿多或少時其名稱如下: - 博蒂Birdie 該洞成績低於標準桿1桿。 - 老鷹Eagle 該洞成績低於標準桿2桿。 - 雙鷹Double eagle該洞成績低於標準桿3桿。 - 一桿進洞Hole in one - 柏忌Bogey 該洞成績高於標準桿1桿。 - 雙柏忌Double Bogey 該洞成績高於標準桿2桿。 - 三柏忌Triple Bogey 該洞成績高於標準桿3桿。 - 雙標準桿Double par以標準桿兩倍桿數完成。 - Par 該洞成績平標準桿。 - 罰桿 是因為球員違反了規則而付出的代價,包括主動用額外的杆數換來更好的機會;雖然都是要計入總的杆數,但罰杆不等於擊球,罰杆就是罰杆,不能說「算一桿」。而球員在一個洞或一場球的「杆數」,等於其「擊球」的次數加上「罰杆」的數量。 ## 賽事 男子組賽事: - 四大錦標賽 - 美國名人賽,每年4月均在奧古斯塔高爾夫球俱樂部舉行。 - 美國公開賽,每年6月舉辦,主辦方是美國高爾夫球協會(USGA)。比賽選手名額為156名. - 英國公開賽,每年7月舉辦,主辦方是R&A,它是聖安德魯斯英國皇家古老高爾夫俱樂部。 - PGA錦標賽,原為每年8月舉辦,但由於美國8月氣候的不確定性,加上為了避免聯邦快遞杯季後賽賽事與歐洲各國足球賽季衝突,以及奧運重新將高爾夫列為比賽項目等諸多因素,自2019年開始更改為每年5月舉辦。 比賽規則: - 賽制採用:總桿賽 - 一場比賽要打 72 洞,分為四天進行比賽。 - 第一天和第二天作為淘汰賽,以每次參加比賽的人數定一個標準,過了就可以晉級,繼續打後兩天的比賽。 - 當爭冠軍時,出現桿數相同者,得於當天進行"延長賽",每次延長賽以"四洞總桿賽"進行冠軍爭拔,如果成績在次相同,就延長打到分出勝負為止! - 萊德盃 全名是萊德盃高爾夫球對抗賽,是一項高爾夫球頂級賽事,以森姆·萊德命名, 每兩年舉行一次,由美國隊與歐洲隊對賽。 比賽規則: - 賽制採用:逐洞賽 - 賽程的第一二天 - 上午各舉行四組的"四人二球逐洞賽" - 下午各舉行四組的"四球逐洞賽"(球員可重複) - 第三天賽程為12人的逐洞賽。 - 總統杯(Presidents Cup) 是一項兩年一度高爾夫球集體賽事,在美國代表隊和世界各國代表隊(不包含歐洲選手)之間進行。傳統上總統杯在偶數年舉行,而萊德杯在奇數年舉行。但2001年美國發生的911慘案導致當年的萊德杯取消,並將這兩項賽事都往後順延一年,因此目前總統杯在奇數年舉辦。賽事舉辦地往往選在美國或歐洲以外的其他國家和地區。 比賽規則: - 賽制採用:逐洞賽 - 賽程的第一二天 - 上午各舉行6場"四人二球逐洞賽" - 下午各舉行6場"四球逐洞賽"(12球員均需下場) - 第三天賽程為12人的逐洞賽。 - 女子組賽事: - 美國女子公開賽 - 英國女子公開賽 ## 投注玩法 ### 錦標賽優勝冠軍 `優勝冠軍投注就是投注比賽或錦標賽的贏家。` ### 個人錦標賽對抗賽 `投注一名選手的排名是否高於另一名選手。` ### 杆數 `投注一名選手的進洞杆數` ### 獨贏 `投注比賽可能獲勝隊伍或選手` ## 參考資料 [高爾夫球介紹](https://www.sportslottery.com.tw/zh-tw/innovation/74) [體育投注知識](https://hackmd.io/KvOf-fzRQX2CkqbeJ7YxiA)

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