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    # 情境主义国际:革命服务于诗 张寻 ## 0. 1968 “让想象力夺权” ![](https://i.imgur.com/7Tivjw0.png) 《关于学生生活的贫困》 1966 ![](https://i.imgur.com/lnPfBJq.png) 巴黎 1968,摄影: Bruno Barbey ## 1. 情境主义国际的来源 * **字母主义运动** 领导者:Isidore Isou 在电影、视觉形象方面的先锋实践,陌生化和开始觉醒的批判意识,但缺少对社会的唯物主义批判 后分离出字母主义国际(Michele Bernstein, Gil Wolman):通过文化革命持续艺术创新与日常生活变革;关于建筑和都市生活的开创性观点 ![](https://i.imgur.com/QJqr5KP.png) Isidore Isou * **IMIB包豪斯印象运动国际** 来源于CoBrA与the Nuclear Art Movement 关注:音乐、摄影、视觉实验,也包括与LI一致的兴趣:建筑、都市、文化人类学 1956年,两个团体在 First World Congress of Visual Artists 相遇并决定合并为一个新的组织**情境主义国际**(1957年完成)。1958年开始发行旗舰刊物 *Internationale Situationniste*. ## 2. 情境主义国际的发展 ### 目标与方法 情境主义国际相信自己有潜力去实现超现实主义的最初承诺:生活变革与欲望实现。最终**目标**:艺术与生活的综合,每个人创造潜力的实现。 但需要避免超现实主义的问题:对无意识及其美学的迷恋,使其容易陷入神秘、被文化产业征用的境地。 **方法**:对现代消费社会的社会政治学批判,为社会变革发展可行策略。 这就需要对战后资本主义的透彻理解,尤其是从生产到消费的重大转向(Lefebvre也观察到这点)。 ### 激进立场导致的分裂:第二情境主义国际(1962) ### 情境主义国际重要理论贡献: **景观**概念是情境主义国际消费资本主义和日常生活批判的核心。 ![](https://www.amuyshondt.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/521ee-screenshot2b2015-09-162b20-57-43.png) **德波《景观社会》** 1967 > 在现代生产条件无所不在的社会,生活本身展现为景观的庞大堆聚。直接存在的一切全都转化为一个表象。 资本主义的生产-消费转向,消费成为资本主义再生产的中心,接受全方位的监视和控制。 在景观中,生活经验逐渐被媒体和广告图像取代,主动参与被被动凝视取代。 ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/73/The_Revolution_of_Everyday_Life_%28French_edition%29.jpg) **范内格姆《日常生活的革命》** 1967 在景观的逻辑下,我们只能消费得更多更快,生存主义(survivalism)意识形态就此发生。生存是被缩减为经济需要的生活。因此如今的生存是缩减为可消费物的生活。 > 工作为了生存,通过消费生存,生存为了消费,这个恶性循环完整了。在经济主义的统治下,生存即是必须的也是足够的。这就是资产阶级社会的基本事实。 抵抗景观,无产阶级要通过实践理论,构建他们自己的情境,有意识地创造历史。情境主义国际不作为一个政治机构(抗拒专门化),而是作为催化剂、治疗师来促成。 **对抗景观的关键策略:** * 异轨 (détournement) 一种颠覆的游戏,利用景观自己提供的材料-照片、影片、图像、广告词-把材料放在新的语境中,或者增加新的材料,转换原意。 * 漂移 (dérive) 一种与城市社会生活相关的实验行为模式:一种快速通过各种各样环境的技巧。目的是创造离个人欲望和情感更近的新环境。 ## 3. 列斐伏尔的影响 * 日常生活批判 * “情境”(situation)与“瞬间”(moment) * 关于生活空间的批判 * 资本主义新阶段

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