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    # 敏捷的假設思維 - 李智樺 Ruddy Lee > 從這開始共筆,您可以分享任何聽到、學到的事物。 :::info 假設思維(Hypothesis )為大量被運用在許多歷史悠久的顧問公司(波士頓、麥肯錫…)的一種解題思維法則。是顧問們之所以能夠快速解題的一種手法。假設思維;其實它大量的被運用在敏捷開發的各種工具上,例如: 影響地圖 (Impact mapping)、看板方法(Kanban method) 中,只是我們一直沒有單獨把它拿出來討論,本session 將說明如何將假設思維運用在敏捷開發的小增量、多迭代與回饋上頭,讓熟悉敏捷的我們能夠更加敏捷。 ::: 假設值錢的地方: > 假設通常被定義為有根據的猜測,因為他是根據你對某個主題已經了解的知識所得出的。 # 假設思維是一種敏捷的思維方式 - 讓敏捷更敏捷的假設思維,能快速達到目標 - 要看到一件是全貌時要把邊界加大,在一開始盡量的往後退到能看見全貌。 - 以終為始,以結論為起點的思考模式 - 是解決問題的能力 # 敏捷的假設思維 ## 源由 - 幫助孩子準備面試,重點讓孩子看起來聰明,最快的方式是教他假設 ## 需求與假設 需求與假設都需要持續驗證 ### 敏捷的假設思維 - 客戶假設:有了這個功能,我便能輕鬆完成我的工作 - 敏捷開發假設:小增量、多迭代、尋求回饋 - 客戶檢核:讓客戶有機會持續驗證他的假設 最後交付給超過預期,所以通常會提前交付 小增量、多迭代不等於完全敏捷,也有可能是不敏捷 ### 假設思維讓你變得更聰明 - 因為當你做假設時,會對自己有信心,在應答之間會顯得更聰明 - 問題:每年有多少顧客會去光臨你最喜歡的餐廳 - 釐清問題:哪一家餐廳是我最喜歡的 - 假設1&2&3:周圍的空間、每周平均次數、有多少餐廳 - 衡量審查 - 驗證 - 要有多準確就去收集準確的材料,讓假設更準確 - 準漸縮小範圍,讓準確度更高 - 問題:轉角的那家早餐店一年可以賣掉多少三明治? - 用剛才那個方法 ### 假設思維是創新的 - 可以運用於製作簡報 - 幽靈簡報 Ghost Deck 簡報製作法 - 以終為始,先看見全貌再回來主題 - 團隊一起進行假設思維 ### Design Thinking 是一種假設思維 - 步驟1.運用假設發現目標 - 步驟2.運用假設解決問題 先發散再收斂 ## 小增量 讓衝刺的目標具有持續的效果 ### 用信息量看假設思維 - 用假設的思維推導解決問題的方法 ### 實踐假設思維 1. 設定假設 2. 驗證假設 3. 快速調整 - 傳統的方式是行不通的 - 未經證實的假設訊息可能是一直存在直到被駁斥為止,所以為必要百分之百清楚 ### 假設思維可以運用在coding上 - 是最快速coding的一種方法 - 透過debug的方式假設思維進入心流狀態,如果不確定就要多做測試 ## 多迭代 - 假設驗證才能落實持續學習的效果 - work smart 避開過往易犯的錯誤 ## 讓假設視覺化-影響地圖 Impact Mapping - 假設 = 里程碑的驗證 - 業務目標(Why)-影響假設(Who)-功能假設(How)-功能項(What) - 發覺目標的假設:影響假設 - 對什麼人產生什麼影響可以幫助實現目標 - 解決問題的假設:功能假設 - 提供甚麼樣的產品功能或服務才能產生這樣的影響 - 科學的假設 1. 明確而可檢驗 2. 合乎邏輯 3. 務實而正面 ### 影響地圖為PO塑照了小增量、多迭代 - 透過視覺化的假設 - 讓PO 容易看到增量的位置 - 看到多迭代的具體評估 ## 回饋的假設思維 ### 主管運用假設思維的三個時間點 - 前置回饋:建議、面授機宜。在事情還沒發生前,是最重要的,也是假設思維最好發生的時機 - 即時回饋 - 後至回饋:檢討改善 - 假設思維+前置回饋+情境理論 - 能力 vs 意願,能力低用假設討論,能力高用假設驅動 - 意願高能力低:支持型 - 意願低能力低:授權型 - 意願高能力高:教練型 - 意願低能力高:指令型 ## 作假設的好處 - 比敏捷更敏捷的起步方式-科學驗證的精神,很快的實驗出結果 - 經驗與創意的累積效益-經驗主義,團隊的經驗傳承,準確度與深度會提高 - 持續學習與實驗的具體實踐-快速失敗 faile early, fail fast,DevOps工作法的第三步驟 - 以假設發現問題、解決問題-資訊爆炸時代的解題方式,捨棄資料比蒐集資料更重要。 - 先確認問題,只要蒐集跟假設有關的資料 # 參考資料 ## 這件事敏捷嗎?用假設思維做判斷 1. 它做了甚麼假設 2. 有經過驗證嗎 3. 具體而言學到什麼? [敏捷的假設思維](https://ruddyblog.wordpress.com/author/ruddyllee/)

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