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5/4/2024c290
4/5/2024第一天 潛水的第一步,先穿好自己的泳裝,接著穿上一件緊身全套的防寒衣,同時也是為了避免身體被刮傷,身體除了腳踝以下還有手都被覆蓋,接著在套上防滑鞋,基本的部分都結束了。拿著蛙鞋、呼吸管、蛙鏡,這個蛙鏡連鼻子都被蓋住意味著我只能用嘴巴呼吸,真的很不舒服。裝備全數準備好了,要開始訓練技術了。一開始,如果呼吸管浸水怎麼辦? 用力吐氣使水噴出來。如果蛙鏡進水怎麼辦? 按住蛙鏡上方用鼻子吐氣同時頭往上抬。終於,穿上蛙鞋游泳,不得不說蛙鞋的阻力好大,要正常打水非常吃力。入水也是其中重要的一環,有兩種方式,第一種,人往前直挺挺的站著,眼看著前方,按著蛙鏡,向前跨一步,自然地落入水腫,第二種,背滾式,坐在岸邊,護著頭部,按緊蛙鏡,自然向後倒。最後是立泳,站著直直的,腳前後動,使自己處在頭露出水面不動的狀態,只是我太高了,蛙鞋會踢到地板,所以我沒有成功。換好衣服不代表課程結束,剛才使用的都是潛水的輕裝備,接著要簡單介紹所謂的重裝備。分別是氣瓶、浮力背心、管線、鉛塊皮帶。氣瓶,一個鋁合金做的瓶子,最大可以裝到230Bar但在潛水時通常只會裝到200Bar然後剩下的50Bar是急難用途通常不會用到剩那麼少,瓶子上方有個用蓋子蓋住的向前伸的圓洞,那正是氣輸入及輸出的地方,側邊是個滾輪,控制氣的排放,雖然在路上非常重但是在水中它可以自己浮上來。浮力背心,兼負綁住氣瓶跟充氣使人上升的功能,在其後方有兩個圓形的束帶,將背心正面固定在氣瓶出氣口的同方向,其高度也和氣瓶差不多。在背心左側有可以控制氣的進出的控制器,下方的按鈕是充氣,上方的是洩氣,要注意的是洩氣時要將控制器舉高,因為氣往上走,如果控制器在下方,氣將不能從孔洞中順利出來。管線,其形態為中心管和其他四個支線,先將中心管的防塵蓋拿掉,將中心管接到氣瓶的出氣孔上,就完成其安裝了。右邊兩個都是在水中的呼吸器咬著它就能自由用嘴巴呼吸,萬一進水,後方的按鈕一按,水就能排掉,且過程一直也著它就行。左側也是兩個儀器,其中之一是連接浮力背心的,輸送壓縮氣體使背心膨脹,另一個是氣瓶壓力表,用來看目前所剩氣壓。鉛塊皮帶,因為我們整體的浮力過高為了使我們輕易下潛而準備,為保持重心,兩側綁了相同重量的鉛塊,我使用的總重是六公斤。 第二天 先換上了潛水裝,在烈日中組好了重裝備,滿頭大汗,此時有三個女生過來,所以教練先幫他們處理裝備,顯然他們很熟悉一切,應該很常來玩。無論如何,我就先下水清涼一下。隨著他們的下水,我們繼續上課,因為水中無法說話,所以教練先教我一些潛水手勢。從淺灘下去,把背心充氣讓我浮起,在仰游到深水區,洩掉背心的氣,沉下去,首先是如果呼吸器掉了該怎麼辦? 要一直吐泡泡,接著找回呼吸器,咬住,排水,至於為甚麼要土泡泡,教練說明天在解釋。如果有耳壓問題?捏住鼻子,用鼻子吐氣,氣就只能從耳朵出來。接著是蛙鏡進水的處理,查看氣壓表,背心、皮帶掉了,在水中重新穿上。最重要的來了,為了方便潛水,總不能一直下沉或是上升,要保持在中間,為此放掉所有背心裡的氣,接著按一下充氣,等待,不斷重複,直到剛好位於中間為止,此時沉浮會隨著吸吐氣而改變,吸氣浮起,吐氣沉下去,接著就跟老師在水中游著游著之後上岸。 第三天 就跟第二天一樣,不過多上了自救跟救別人的方法,拍自己胸代表快沒氣了,割脖子代表沒氣了,跟別人比完動作後,指一下他的呼吸器,就意味著請他給你呼吸,浮上來時別用浮力背心,用立泳往上,這樣水壓改變太大,如果氣瓶沒氣還可以自己幫背心充氣,吹氣時按洩氣鈕,然後放開,如果情況真的不妙,考慮丟鉛塊。還有滿裝的入水動作。最後老師就讓我練到氣壓剩五十。 第四天 看的潛水知識的影片,不要潛太深,有氮醉的問題,不要憋氣,肺會膨脹過大,不要浮起來太快,有減壓症。
1/22/2024Once upon a time, people lived self-sufficient lives. When they were hungry, they would gather berries and hunt, and when they were thirsty, they would find a river to fetch water. They lived by following the resources available to them. Although there were differences in resource abundance among different tribes, survival was not impossible. With the advent of the 18th-century Industrial Revolution, capitalism became mainstream, and the wealth gap accumulated from generation to generation. Some people's incomes couldn't keep up with the skyrocketing cost of living, and even getting enough to eat became a problem. It was at this time that some voices emerged, suggesting the implementation of a Universal Basic Income (UBI). UBI is a monetary system in which there are no conditions, qualifications, or eligibility restrictions, and every citizen or member is entitled to receive a certain amount of money regularly. However, some people consider this policy to be utterly absurd, while others believe it is a measure that governments should take to protect human rights. Supporters of UBI have three main arguments. Firstly, many dropouts from education are not because the individuals themselves do not wish to continue their education, but due to economic pressures. Young individuals may need to start working at a young age to help support their families. Similarly, some adults may aspire to acquire additional skills through further education but are burdened by overwhelming economic pressures that force them to work long hours. They come home exhausted and have no opportunity for self-improvement. With UBI, everything changes. Students can receive a complete education, and it offers determined adults the opportunity to pursue further education, ultimately improving graduation rates and employment rates.Secondly, this policy is superior to existing welfare assistance programs. For instance, disadvantaged individuals may lack sufficient information and may not even be aware of the assistance programs' procedures or eve their existence. Furthermore, applying for and proving eligibility for such subsidies can damage self-esteem and expose recipients to stigmatization from society.Lastly, UBI empowers non-working parents and caregivers who silently contribute to society. These individuals make significant contributions to the normal functioning of the world but often do not receive fair compensation. They may find themselves in disadvantaged positions within their households. And this policy can give them confidence, making power relationships within families more equal. Opponents of UBI also have three main points of view. Firstly, they argue that unconditional cash payments may lead people to become lazy and lose their motivation to work. People may think, "Why should I bother working when the government provides assistance even if I do nothing?" This could result in a society burdened by individuals who refuse to work and rely on handouts, potentially undermining the nation's economy. Critics believe that such individuals could gradually erode the economic stability of the entire country. Secondly, opponents argue that the funding for UBI comes from taxation, with every citizen contributing. This means that even the impoverished are contributors, and the policy effectively takes money from the poor and redistributes it to everyone. Critics contend that this does not effectively help the truly impoverished, and it can result in wealthy and financially struggling individuals receiving the same amount of money, which they believe is unfair. Lastly, opponents emphasize the high cost of UBI. Maintaining a basic income for the entire nation is a significant financial burden, and it is evident that such a program would require substantial funding. This funding would likely come from increased taxation, which could place a heavier burden on the population, potentially pushing those who were previously able to make ends meet into financial hardship. Alternatively, cutting expenses in other government programs is suggested as a way to fund UBI, but critics argue that this could negatively impact public services and the well-being of the people who rely on those services. Not only theoretical debates, but now many countries have conducted UBI experiments, such as Canada, the United States, Finland, Germany, and others. I believe that these real-world examples are more persuasive and authentic than purely theoretical discussions. Here are examples from the United States and Finland.
1/22/2024or
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