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    # 質性研究0502 ###### tags: `質性研究` 人要對自己負責 以: * 防疫APP為例 * 殺警案為例 ## 默會知識 培養問題解決的能力 定理>推論>結論 做中學>需要經過轉化、沉澱跟歷練>才會學到 素養導向,培養學生解決問題的能力>需要學生覺得重要 談高中生一個月交六份小論文的亂象>過度的自主學習 潘前院長:快樂是你完成一份工作的伴隨物 教改像是鐘擺,過與不及需要拿捏 是自己在教學現場,所以要去 所有的知識霸部分都是推論的知識,他只是一種揣測, 論殺警案:事後追述如何推斷當時的意識面? 胡賽爾:人的心理只能用描述的 要對知識報以謙卑:無法確定知識是不是正確的 literary 翻譯 素養>識能 藉由識字而識能> 以老師媽媽看慈濟眼科的故事為例 不會用電腦>功能性文盲 * 課堂教導,指引與啟發 * 能力養成,實際實踐經驗的磨練 所以論文要努力自己寫(誤) 典範性學習 VS 規則性學習 轉譯能力是很重要的 寫論文注意心智圖的概念>心智圖本身就是邏輯的概念 教科書可以建立宏觀認識>以莎士比亞戲劇為例 ## 個案研究 起源:人類學與社會學 ### 個案的概念: 何謂個案? 大可以到一個國家,例如密爾斯提出最好的個案是國家(因為有共同文化與法律,也有場域,有其普遍性 小到可以是個體 但至少要有個邊界或界線,可以劃分範圍 ### 功能特定 個案有要特定的目標或是任務(研究才能聚焦) 諮商界的個案比較重視追蹤 是實證方法 - 用多種方法取得證據 有 獨特性、描述性、啟發性 三種特徵 不用"推論"這個字眼,改用啟發或參考 個案通常都研究"現在" 第四點不要只問"感受",先問事實,再問經驗及感受 重點是事實的呈現 * 本質型:單一個案,專注在該個案本身 * 工具型:扮演支持者的角色,以深入了解某項議題或現象 * 集體型﹕多重個案,多用在探索性研究,目的是找到跨個案間的異同處(前導研究) 現在題目要求盡量短。 - 號可以少用了 笛卡爾提出的方法,最重要的就是 * 比較分析 * 歸納綜合 研究成績改善的調查時,補習班的影響其實很大,但實驗很少人去問 三角檢核 * 資料類型 (錄影,檔案,會議紀錄等) * 資料來源(不同被訪問者之間的檢核) 等都可以去從三個以上的角度去做檢核 質性不建議去寫信效度 紮根不一定要形成理論,也可能只形成概念 研究就是研究時間與空間兩個向度 分為歷史性跟社會性 (時間地點很重要) ![](https://i.imgur.com/fdQubGg.jpg) ## 行動研究 協同教學是其很重要的特徵 一定要有修正計畫 充能賦權 VS 充權賦能 沒有能力卻給予權力 論教師與行政對學生的影響。 美國國小有副校長,負責接手執行處罰,(避免情緒) 研究倫理:原版資訊或許會有私人的在裡面,所以不應該付上 行動研究:目的在於改善或增進實務工作 省思扎記要常常做,避免最後忘記 不管事訪談完,上課上完,規劃完等,都要記錄。 護理,社工等 常常會做質性研究 哈伯瑪斯的 知識形式三大類 1. 科學技術形式 2. 實務道德形式 3. 批判解放形式 以教師媽媽故事為例 行動研究的圖很重要(P486),但要改成自己的 量化是寫研究品質 研究倫理應該要寫在研究文獻中 因為是要解決問題>實用是評鑑的標準之一 ## 訪談同意書 是誰 要做什麼 有什麼規定保護受訪者(建議列點) ## 行動研究文獻 研究目標:缺乏歷程與了解成效(學生改變情形) ## 訪談大綱 題目要寫 跟期末作業要一致 不要做太大,訪問一個人,一個場域即可 觀察記錄只要15分鐘

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