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    # Apache 项目成熟度模型 ## 原文链接 https://community.apache.org/apache-way/apache-project-maturity-model.html ### 翻译:刘天栋 Ted,审核:姜宁 Willem \\ Apache 项目成熟度模型为评估 Apache 项目社区及其维护的代码库的整体成熟度提供了一个建议框架。虽然该模型专门针对 Apache 软件基金会(ASF)的项目,但其中许多因素适用于任何开源项目。 ## 概述 本成熟度模型的目标是以简洁、高层次的方式描述阿帕奇项目是如何运作的,并提供一个基本框架,供项目选择用来评估自己。 它也可以在 ASF 之外使用,适用于希望采用部分或全部这些原则的项目。那些计划在某个时候转入 ASF 的项目可以开始采用这些原则,为转入 ASF 做准备。 它并不描述我们的项目如何运作的所有细节,而是旨在捕捉 Apache 项目的不变量,并在需要时指出其他信息。为了尽可能简明扼要,我们使用脚注来说明不属于核心模型的内容。 与其他成熟度模型相反,我们没有定义分阶段的部分合规水平。成熟的 Apache 项目符合本模型的所有要素,欢迎其他项目采用适合其目标的要素。 请注意,我们在下文中尽量避免使用 "必须 "一词。该模型描述的是一个成熟项目的状态,而不是一套规则。 在 ASF 孵化的项目可能并不符合这一模式的所有部分;但孵化的一个主要目标是拉近项目社区与项目的距离。 我们欢迎在 [comdev 邮件列表](https://lists.apache.org/list.html?dev@community.apache.org) 中提出有关此模型的问题和反馈。 ## 1. 代码 CODE | 代号 | 描述 | | ---- | ------------------------------------------------------- | | CD10 | 本项目为免费向公众分发而生产开源软件 | | CD20 | 容易被公开发现和取得 | | CD30 | 公开的标准工具,可重复生产的方式来构建 | | CD40 | 完整历史能透过版本管理系统取得,能被重新创建 | | CD50 | 透过源代码管理系统明确每一行代码的出处,及其提交者(含第三方)的可信的签字认证 | ## 2. 许可证及版权(著作权)Licenses and Copyright | 代号 | 描述 | | ---- | ------------------------------------------------------ | | LC10 | 代码发布声明引用 Apache 许可证 v2.0 | | LC20 | 项目代码必须采用和依赖的库,不得产生比 Apache 许可证更多的限制 | | LC30 | 上述的库也可和开源软件一样的方式取得和使用 | | LC40 | 提交者受到个人贡献者协议 (Individual Contributor Agreement - ICLA) 的约束,该协议定义了提交者可以提交哪些代码,以及需要辨识非自身的代码 | | LC50 | 清楚定义和记录本项目生产的一切事物的版权所有权 | ## 3. 发布版 RELEASES | 代号 | 描述 | | ---- | ------------------------------------------------------- | | RE10 | 包含以标准和开放的可读的归档 (archive) 格式分发的源代码 | | RE20 | 由项目管理委员会批准 (参考 CS10),以形成基金会的标准举措 | | RE30 | 经过正式签署及/或分发,并伴随着可靠、能验证该下载项目归档 (archives) 的项目摘要 | | RE40 | 便利二进制文件 (Convenience binaries ) 可以和源代码一起分发,但不能被视为 Apache 发布版 – 而只是为用户之便利使用而提供,不带任何保证 | | RE50 | 发布流程需被完整记录,且可被新用户独立地重复制作相同而完整的版本 | ## 4. 质量 QUALITY | 代号 | 描述 | | ---- | ------------------------------------------------------- | | QU10 | 对项目的质量保持开放且诚实的态度。只要能清楚的沟通,不同软件模块有不同层次的质量和成熟是理所当然而且可以接受的 | | QU20 | 生产高安全性的软件是项目的优先考量 | | QU30 | 提供完整记录、安全且私密的渠道以报告并回应安全问题 | | QU40 | 对向下兼容优先考量,也记录不兼容的改动,并提供工具与文档协助用户顺利转移到的新功能 (或特性) | | QU50 | 对记录在案的 Bug Report 努力地且即时回应 | ## 5. 社区 COMMUNITY | 代号 | 描述 | | ---- | ------------------------------------------------------- | | CO10 | 有一个广为人知的官网,指向所有根据成熟度模型而运营项目所需的信息 | | CO20 | 欢迎所有怀有信心,尊重他人并能为项目增加价值的贡献者 | | CO30 | 贡献不仅只是源代码,还包含了文档、建设性的 Bug 报告、建设性的讨论、营销和其他一切能对项目增加价值的行动 | | CO40 | 努力推动精英治理,并以赋予更多权利和责任给能对项目增加价值的贡献者为目标 | | CO50 | 清楚记录如何一视同仁地赋予贡献者更多权利,如提交的权限或决策权力 | | CO60 | 社区根据有决策权成员 (参考 CS10) 的共识来运营。独裁者 (无论是否仁慈) 在项目中不受欢迎 | | CO70 | 努力并即时地回答用户的问题 | ## 6. 共识 CONSENSUS | 代号 | 描述 | | ---- | ------------------------------------------------------ | | CS10 | 项目维护一个公开的名单:由有决策权的贡献者组成项目管理委员会 (PMC) | | CS20 | 由 PMC 成员依共识形成决策,并记录与该项目的主要沟通渠道 (如邮件列表)。项目社区的意见会被考量 | | CS30 | 当讨论不足以形成决策时,有文档记录的投票规则则用来建立共识 | | CS40 | 项目里, 否决只适用于代码提交,同时需要提出合理的技术解释 | | CS50 | 所有重要讨论,异步发生并以文字形式记录于该项目的主要沟通渠道 (如邮件列表)。凡是在线下,面对面或私聊讨论而影响该项目者,皆须记录于该渠道 | > 注: > 1. 版本发布、成为提交者 (Committer)、成为项目委员会 (PMC) 成员,皆须经过 +1 Binding (具约束力) 投票 > 2. 其它议题可以采取懒人共识 (Lazy Consensus,亦即没人反对即代表通过) ## 7. 独立性 INDEPENDENCE | 代号 | 描述 | | ---- | ------------------------------ | | IN10 | 项目独立于任何公司或组织的影响 | | IN20 | 贡献者只代表个人,而非任何公司或组织的代表 |

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