# Taiwan Server1 update history
## Update log
* ### 20250630
* [ChroQueTas in Conda](#ChroQueTas-in-Conda)
* ### 20250327
* [Install pyani](#Install-pyani)
* ### 20250213
* [Install Package from github](#Install-Package-from-github)
* ### 20241105
* [Update MataPhlAn HUMANn](#Update-MataPhlAn-HUMANn)
* ### 20241105
* [Mount NTFS](#Mount-NTFS)
* ### 20240313
* [Install ghost-tree](#Install-ghost-tree)
* ### 20221016
* [Install STAR & Trimmomatic](#Install-STAR-amp-Trimmomatic)
* ### 20220523
* [Restart System](#系統重啟)
* ### 20220316
* [Install SRA Toolkit](#Install-SRA-Toolkit)
* ### 20220224
* [Install Qiime2 version:2019.10](#QIIME2)
* ### 20220222
* [Install R](#Install-R)
* ### 20220208
* [Repo update](#Repo-update)
* ### 20220111
* Add user for miniconda management
* [Install miniconda & QIIME2](#Install-Miniconda-amp-QIIME2)
* [SSH Secure Shell - Algorithm negotiation failed](#SSH-Secure-Shell---Algorithm-negotiation-failed)
* ### 20220107
* [Install Lynx](#Install-Lynx)
* ### 20220106
* [Install XAMPP](#Install-XAMPP)
* [Install NodeJS](#Install-Nodejs)
* [Install Python](#Install-Python)
* ### 20220105
* [Install CentOs](#Install-CentOS)
* Create this note
## Install CentOS
### Source
:::info
[CentOS official download page](https://www.centos.org/download/)
[CentOS-8.5.2111-x86_64-dvd1.iso](http://centos.cs.nctu.edu.tw/8.5.2111/isos/x86_64/CentOS-8.5.2111-x86_64-dvd1.iso)
:::
### Burn CentOS.iso into USB disk in Windows
USB disk should be formated in NTFS(Windows readable writeable, Linux readable)
:::info
[balenaEtcher official download page](https://www.balena.io/etcher/#download)
[balenaEtcher-Portable-1.7.3](https://github.com/balena-io/etcher/releases/download/v1.7.3/balenaEtcher-Portable-1.7.3.exe?d_id=7262a0b2-deda-4d60-920a-1d5b1641cea1R)
:::
### Partition assignment
| Disk | Parition | MountPoint | Size | Descriptions |
| ---- | -------- | ---------- | ----- | ------------ |
| sda | sda1 | /boot/efi | 200MB | 開機磁區 |
| sda | sda2 | /boot | 500MB | 開機磁區 |
| sdc | swap | swap | 128GB | 記憶體交換區 |
| sdc | home | /home | 3TB | 家目錄 |
| sdc | root | / | 2TB | 根目錄 |
| sdc | pkg | /pkg | 2TB | 公用程式 |
| sdc | work | /work | 32TB | 工作目錄 |
* #### /home
User specific space, which stores tools, references and etc. for their own use.
* #### /pkg
Public tools share among users.
Always install packages by root.
* #### /pkg/source
Downloaded packages.
* #### /work
Working space, stores references and working directory for each projects seperately.
* #### /work/reference
Stores references for projects.
## Account and group Settings
```bash=
adduser <New user name>
passwd <New user name>
groupadd MicroBioAd #MicroBio Admin group with sudoers permission
groupadd MicroBio #MicroBio group
visudo #Make MicroBioAd possesses sudoers permission
-insert: %MicroBioAd ALL=(ALL) ALL
usermod -a -G MicroBioAd <New user name>
usermod -a -G MicroBio <New user name>
chown root:MicroBio /work
chown root:MicroBioAd /pkg
chmod 775 /work
chmod 775 /pkg
```
## Environment settings
### 更改語系
:::info
系統安裝時選擇了中文，報錯時中文顯示不方便查詢問題，因此更改語系
:::
```bash=
locale -a|grep en_US #check all en_US avaliable
vi /etc/locale.conf
-replace: LANG="zh_TW.utf8" -> LANG="en_US.utf8"
source /etc/locale.conf
```
### 關閉Root登入
:::info
root作為系統最高權限，SSH 服務對外開放的情況下資安風險極大，透過網路就可以用暴力法嘗試破解 root 的密碼，因此關閉root改用個別帳號登入後用su指令登入root。
:::
```bash=
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
-replace: PermitRootLogin yes -> PermitRootLogin no
systemctl restart sshd
```
### 防火牆設定
```bash=
#開啟PORT
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=[PORT]/tcp --permanent
#開放HTTP連線
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-service=http --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --reload
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-all #check PORT
#需要時關閉PORT
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --remove-port=[PORT]/tcp --permanent
#需要時關閉HTTP
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --remove-service=http --permanent
```
### 系統重啟
:::info
重啟後SSH無法連線，需檢查設定檔
:::
```bash=
#20220523歷程
#透過指令檢查SSH狀態
sshd -t
#循線查到/etc/ssh/sshd_config出現錯誤
#備份/etc/ssh/sshd_config
cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config_bad1
#將預先準備好的檔案覆蓋回來
cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config_bak /etc/ssh/sshd_config
#重啟SSH服務
systemctl restart sshd
```
:::info
重啟Xampp，以啟動Apache MySQL ProFTPD等服務
:::
```bash=
#關閉原生系統HTTPD服務
systemctl disable httpd
systemctl stop httpd
#重啟Xampp
/opt/lampp/xampp restart
```
看見服務都啟動即完成
>Restarting XAMPP for Linux 8.1.1-2...
XAMPP: Stopping Apache...not running.
XAMPP: Stopping MySQL...not running.
XAMPP: Stopping ProFTPD...ok.
XAMPP: Starting Apache...ok.
XAMPP: Starting MySQL...ok.
XAMPP: Starting ProFTPD...ok.
## Install XAMPP
### Source
:::info
[XAMPP official](https://www.apachefriends.org/zh_tw/index.html)
:::
### Commands
```bash=
cd /pkg/source
wget https://downloadsapachefriends.global.ssl.fastly.net/8.1.6/xampp-linux-x64-8.1.6-0-installer.run
chmod +x xampp-linux-x64-8.1.6-0-installer.run
./xampp-linux-x64-8.1.6-0-installer.run
/opt/lampp/lampp start
```
:::danger
Error: libnsl not found
:::
>XAMPP: SELinux is activated. Making XAMPP fit SELinux...
chcon: 無法存取 '/opt/lampp/lib/mysql/*.so': 沒有此一檔案或目錄
Starting XAMPP for Linux 8.1.1-2...
XAMPP: Starting Apache...fail.
httpd: Syntax error on line 522 of /opt/lampp/etc/httpd.conf: Syntax error on line 6 of /opt/lampp/etc/extra/httpd-xampp.conf: Cannot load modules/mod_perl.so into server: libnsl.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
XAMPP: Starting MySQL...ok.
XAMPP: Starting ProFTPD...ok.
```bash=
## Do Repo update first
#Install libnsl
dnf upgrade --refresh
sudo dnf install libnsl
#Activate XAMPP again
/opt/lampp/lampp start
```
>XAMPP: Starting Apache...ok.
XAMPP: Starting MySQL...already running.
XAMPP: Starting ProFTPD...already running.
## Install Python
### Source
:::info
[Python official](https://www.python.org/downloads/)
:::
### Commands
```bash=
cd /pkg/source/
#Download python3.10
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.1/Python-3.10.1.tgz
tar -zxvf Python-3.10.1.tgz
mv ./Python-3.10.1 /pkg/
cd /pkg/Python-3.10.1
mkdir Build
cd Build
../configure
make -j 4 && make install
#compile finished
#Add path into $PATH
vi ~/.bash_profile
-insert: PATH=$PATH:/pkg/Python-3.10.1/Build 在export PATH之前
```
## Install Lynx
### Source
:::info
[Lynx official](https://lynx.invisible-island.net/current/index.html)
:::
### Commands
```bash=
cd /pkg/source
wget http://invisible-island.net/datafiles/release/lynx-cur.tar.gz
tar zxvf lynx-cur.tar.gz
mv lynx2.9.0dev.10/ /pkg
cd /pkg/lynx2.9.0dev.10/
mkdir Build
cd Build
../configure
# Error massage:
# configure: error: No curses header-files found
yum install ncurses-devel
#ncurses-devel install successed, continue lynx install
../configure
make -j 4 && make install
```
## Install Nodejs
### Source
:::info
[NodeJS official](https://nodejs.org/en/)
:::
```bash=
cd /pkg/source
wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v16.13.1/node-v16.13.1-linux-x64.tar.xz
tar Jxvf node-v16.13.1-linux-x64.tar.xz
mv node-v16.13.1-linux-x64 /pkg
#Finished, no need compile
```
## Install Miniconda & QIIME2
### Source
:::info
[Miniconda download page](https://docs.conda.io/en/latest/miniconda.html)
[QIIME2 official doc](https://docs.qiime2.org/2021.11/install/native/#install-qiime-2-within-a-conda-environment)
:::
### Miniconda
```bash=
cd /pkg/source
wget https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
sh Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
- Do you accept the license terms? [yes|no]
yes
- Miniconda3 will now be installed into this location: /root/miniconda3
- Press ENTER to confirm the location
- Press CTRL-C to abort the installation
- Or specify a different location below
/pkg/miniconda3 #Change install path to /pkg/
- Do you wish the installer to initialize Miniconda3 by running conda init? [yes|no]
no
vi ~/.bash_profile
-insert: PATH=$PATH:/pkg/miniconda3/bin 在export PATH之前
# 不重新登入就使設定生效
source ~/.bash_profile
conda update conda -y
conda install wget -y
```
#### QIIME2
```bash=
cd /pkg/source
#安裝2022.8版本
wget https://data.qiime2.org/distro/core/qiime2-2022.8-py38-linux-conda.yml
conda env create -n qiime2-2022.8 --file qiime2-2022.8-py38-linux-conda.yml
#安裝2021.11版本
wget https://data.qiime2.org/distro/core/qiime2-2021.11-py38-linux-conda.yml
conda env create -n qiime2-2021.11 --file qiime2-2021.11-py38-linux-conda.yml
#安裝2019.10版本
wget https://data.qiime2.org/distro/core/qiime2-2019.10-py36-linux-conda.yml
conda env create -n qiime2-2019.10 --file qiime2-2019.10-py36-linux-conda.yml
# Initialize conda shell, activate when login
conda init bash
exit # Re-login
# Cancel activate when login
conda config --set auto_activate_base false
# Activate indicated environment when user login
vi ~/.bash_profile
-insert: conda activate qiime2-2021.11
# 不重新登入就使設定生效
source ~/.bash_profile
```
##### QIIME2 Plugin install
```bash=
# q2-picrust2
conda install q2-picrust2=2021.11 -c conda-forge -c bioconda -c gavinmdouglas
```
#### Python-MySQLdb
```bash=
# miniconda
## "conda install mysql-python" #doesn't work
conda install -c bioconda mysqlclient # download from bioconda channel
# anaconda in windows
pip install mysqlclient
```
## SSH Secure Shell - Algorithm negotiation failed
:::info
使用SSH Secure Shell連線時發生Algorithm negotiation failed的警告訊息
更新對應的演算法以解決金鑰產生的問題
:::
```bash=
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
-insert:
Ciphers aes128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,3des-cbc,arcfour128,arcfour256,arcfour,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc
MACs hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96
KexAlgorithms diffie-hellman-group1-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1,curve25519-sha256@libssh.org
systemctl restart sshd
```
:::danger
經測試依然無法解決SSH Secure Shell不能連線的問題
:::
## Repo update
:::info
安裝時出現錯誤
Error: Failed to download metadata for repo 'appstream': Cannot prepare internal mirrorlist: No URLs in mirrorlist
因此修改兩個repo文件，引導linux自該位址下載
:::
```bash=
sudo vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-AppStream.repo
-insert: baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/$contentdir/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
sudo vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-BaseOS.repo
-insert: baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/$contentdir/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
sudo yum install epel-release
sudo yum -y install htop
```
## Install R
:::info
1. 由於R安裝ggfx時出現錯誤，懷疑是miniconda的R造成的
因此於系統另外安裝R
2. yum install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
yum install R
使用上述指令安裝R時，出現錯誤
Error: Failed to download metadata for repo 'appstream': Cannot prepare internal mirrorlist: No URLs in mirrorlist
3. 因此修改三個repo文件，引導linux自該位址下載
:::
```bash=
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-AppStream.repo
-modify:
註解此行
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=AppStream&infra=$infra
-insert:
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/$contentdir/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-BaseOS.repo
-modify:
註解此行
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=BaseOS&infra=$infra
-insert:
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/$contentdir/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-PowerTools.repo
-modify:
註解此兩行
baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/$contentdir/$releasever/PowerTools/$basearch/os/
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=PowerTools&infra=$infra
-insert:
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/$contentdir/$releasever/PowerTools/$basearch/os/
yum install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
yum install R #網路不好，會出現time out的訊息，這時不要放棄，多打幾次，多段下載才會完成
```
:::info
安裝特定R package時仍然會出現錯誤，如下install.packages('ggfx')
:::
:::danger
--------------------------- [ANTICONF] --------------------------------
Configuration failed to find the harfbuzz freetype2 fribidi library. Try installing:
* deb: libharfbuzz-dev libfribidi-dev (Debian, Ubuntu, etc)
* rpm: harfbuzz-devel fribidi-devel (Fedora, EPEL)
* csw: libharfbuzz_dev libfribidi_dev (Solaris)
* brew: harfbuzz fribidi (OSX)
If harfbuzz freetype2 fribidi is already installed, check that 'pkg-config' is in your
PATH and PKG_CONFIG_PATH contains a harfbuzz freetype2 fribidi.pc file. If pkg-config
is unavailable you can set INCLUDE_DIR and LIB_DIR manually via:
R CMD INSTALL --configure-vars='INCLUDE_DIR=... LIB_DIR=...'
-------------------------- [ERROR MESSAGE] ---------------------------
<stdin>:1:10: fatal error: hb-ft.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.
:::
:::info
觀察錯誤訊息，提示安裝harfbuzz-devel fribidi-devel
發覺不是miniconda的R造成錯誤，改回miniconda的R去安裝
:::
>yum install harfbuzz-devel fribidi-devel
完成後再次於miniconda R輸入
>install.packages('ggfx')
會再次報錯，繼續按提示安裝
>yum install freetype-devel libpng-devel libtiff-devel libjpeg-turbo-devel
會再次報錯，繼續按提示安裝
>yum install -y ImageMagick-c++-devel #沒有解決問題
再次進入R輸入install.packages('ggfx')會有重複的錯誤(此問題可能只存在conda)，改用
>conda install -c conda-forge imagemagick
完成後再次於R輸入，可成功安裝
>install.packages('ggfx')
### Install R package
#### pairwiseAdonis
```bash=
install.packages('devtools')
library(devtools)
install_github("pmartinezarbizu/pairwiseAdonis/pairwiseAdonis")
```
## Install SRA Toolkit
```bash=
#Download sratoolkit
wget https://ftp-trace.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/sdk/3.0.0/sratoolkit.3.0.0-centos_linux64.tar.gz
#extract sratoolkit
tar -zxvf sratoolkit.3.0.0-centos_linux64.tar.gz
# set sratoolkit.2.11.2-centos_linux64/bin/ to PATH
vi ~/.bash_profile
-insert:
PATH=$PATH:/pkg/sratoolkit.2.11.2-centos_linux64/bin/
#configure
vdb-config -i
CACHE>location of user-repository
CACHE>process local-location
save
```
## Install STAR & Trimmomatic
>conda install -c bioconda star
>conda install -c bioconda trimmomatic
## Install ghost-tree
```bash=
# Download ghost-tree by git to /pkg/source
cd /pkg/source
sudo git clone https://github.com/JTFouquier/q2-ghost-tree.git
# Change permission group for MacGyver to install
sudo chown root:MicroBioAd q2-ghost-tree -R
sudo chmod 777 q2_ghost_tree.egg-info -R
cd ./q2-ghost-tree
# Change permission group of python packages for MacGyver to install ghost-tree
sudo chown MacGyver:MacGyver /pkg/miniconda3/envs/qiime2-2023.2/lib/python3.8/site-packages/ -R
# Install ghost-tree
pip install -e .
```
## Install RIMA
```bash=
mkdir RIMA
cd RIMA
#Downlad RMIA pipeline from github
git clone https://github.com/liulab-dfci/RIMA_pipeline.git
wget https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
#Insatll miniconda in RIMA folder
bash Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
#Export Paths
export CONDA_ROOT=/work/RIMA/miniconda3
export PATH=/work/RIMA/miniconda3/bin:$PATH
#Select GCP as RIMA environment parameter
bash ./RIMA_environment.sh -p {platform --AWS, GCP}
source activate RIMA
```
### Download pre-built references
```bash=
cd /work/RIMA
wget http://cistrome.org/~lyang/ref.tar.gz
# unzip the reference
tar -zxvf ref.tar.gz
cd /work/RIMA/RIMA_pipeline
# create ref_files link in RIMA_pipeline folder
ln -s /work/RIMA/ref_files
```
## Update dplyr in conda environment stat_perl_r
```bash=
cd /work/RIMA/RIMA_pipeline
#Export Paths
export CONDA_ROOT=/work/RIMA/miniconda3
export PATH=/work/RIMA/miniconda3/bin:$PATH
source activate /work/RIMA/miniconda3/envs/stat_perl_r
> R
update.packages(ask = FALSE)
install.packages('ggpubr', dependencies = TRUE)
mkdir /work/RIMA/miniconda3/envs/stat_perl_r/R-3.6.3
cd /work/RIMA/miniconda3/envs/stat_perl_r/R-3.6.3
wget https://cran.r-project.org//src/base/R-3/R-3.6.3.tar.gz
tar -zxf R-3.6.3.tar.gz
cd R-3.6.3
./configure --with-readline=no --with-x=no
conda install -c conda-forge r-base=3.6.3
conda install -c conda-forge r-ggpubr
```
### Run RIMA
```bash=
cd /work/RIMA/RIMA_pipeline
#Export Paths
export CONDA_ROOT=/work/RIMA/miniconda3
export PATH=/work/RIMA/miniconda3/bin:$PATH
source activate RIMA
nohup time snakemake -p -s RIMA.snakefile -j 32 > RIMA.out &
```
## Mount NTFS
```bash=
#NTFS3g
su
cd /pkg/source
wget https://tuxera.com/opensource/ntfs-3g_ntfsprogs-2017.3.23.tgz
tar -zxvf ntfs-3g_ntfsprogs-2017.3.23.tgz
cd ntfs-3g_ntfsprogs-2017.3.23/
./configure
make
make install
# EXFAT
yum -y install epel-release http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/dextop/el7/x86_64/nux-dextop-release-0-5.el7.nux.noarch.rpm
yum -y install fuse-exfat exfat-utils
#check dev
lsblk
mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sdb /mnt/usb
mount -t exfat /dev/sdb /mnt/usb
umount /mnt/usb
```
### Mount NAS
```bash=
sudo mount -t cifs //192.168.0.2:/Data\ Storage/work/NAS_mount/Data_Storage -o username=microbio,password=Ngs@70555349#,vers=3.0
sudo mount -t cifs //192.168.0.2:/NAS /work/NAS_mount/NAS -o username=microbio,password=Ngs@70555349#,vers=3.0
#link from mount
TargetDir="250729_M07490_0057_000000000-LYN66"
mkdir /work/NGS_DATA/${TargetDir}
ln -s /work/NAS_mount/NAS/Seq\ Data/${TargetDir}/Data/Intensities/BaseCalls/*.fastq.gz /work/NGS_DATA/${TargetDir}
```
## Updata Databases for metaphlan
```bash=
# Update bowtieDB for metaphlan (latest: vJun23)
metaphlan --install --bowtie2db /work/metaphlan/database/metaphlanDB
# Download CMH13v2 HumanGenome
wget https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/all/GCF/009/914/755/GCF_009914755.1_T2T-CHM13v2.0/GCF_009914755.1_T2T-CHM13v2.0_genomic.fna.gz
# Build Bowtie2 index
bowtie2-build GCF_009914755.1_T2T-CHM13v2.0_genomic.fna.gz CHM13v2 --threads 24
```
### Update MataPhlAn HUMANn
Clone conda envronment and update MetaPhlAn HUMANn
Transfer new enviroment to other server
```bash=
# Clone a new environment
conda create -n metaphlan4_20241224 --clone metaphlan4
conda activate metaphlan4_20241224
# Update mataphlan to indicated version
conda install -c bioconda metaphlan=4.0.6
# Update Humann to indicated version
conda install -c biobakery humann=3.7
# pack environment for other machine
conda env export --name metaphlan4_20241224 > metaphlan4_20241224.yml
# Transfer to target manchine
rsync -avP metaphlan4_20241224.yml Acc@192.168.0.0:/pkg/miniconda3/envs
rsync -avP /work/metaphlan/database/ Acc@192.168.0.0:/work/metaphlan/database/
# On the target machine
conda env create --file metaphlan4_20241224.yml
```
## Install Package from github
```bash=
remotes::install_github("kstagaman/phyloseqCompanion")
```
## Install pyani
```bash=
conda create --name pyani --yes python=3.7
conda activate pyani_env
#mummer is for accerating pyani
#conda install -c bioconda mummer
conda install --yes blast mummer
pip install pyani
```
#### Useage
```bash=
#MUMmer4（最快）
average_nucleotide_identity.py -i genomes/ -o output_mummer --method ANIm
#BLAST(慢但是準確)
average_nucleotide_identity.py -i genomes/ -o output_blast --method ANIb
#Phylogenetic tree
pyani_graph.py -i output_mummer/ -o output_tree --formats newick,svg
```
## ChroQueTas in Conda
A user-friendly software to perform fungicide resistance screening in fungal genomes
```bash=
conda create --name ChroQueTas_v0.6 python=3.8
conda activate ChroQueTas_v0.6
conda config --add channels bioconda
conda config --add channels conda-forge
conda install -c nmquijada chroquetas=0.6
```
#### Useage
```bash=
ChroQueTas.sh \
-g Saccharomyces_cerevisiae_BCRC_20262.fasta \
-s Saccharomyces_cerevisiae -c 1 \
--min_id 75 --min_cov 75 -t 14 \
-o Saccharomyces_cerevisiae
```
## Shell多重視窗管理
```
sudo yum install tmux
```
#### 🟢 基本操作
| 操作 | 指令 |
|----------------|---------------------------------|
| 建立新 session | `tmux new -s <名稱>` |
| 列出所有 sessions | `tmux ls` |
| 連回 session | `tmux attach -t <名稱>` |
| 離開（detach） | `Ctrl + b`，然後按 `d` |
| 結束 session | `exit` 或 `tmux kill-session -t <名稱>` |
---
#### 🔵 窗口操作（類似分頁）
| 操作 | 指令 |
|-------------------|--------------------------------|
| 新增窗口（分頁） | `Ctrl + b`，然後按 `c` |
| 下一個窗口 | `Ctrl + b`，然後按 `n` |
| 上一個窗口 | `Ctrl + b`，然後按 `p` |
| 切換到指定窗口編號 | `Ctrl + b`，然後按 `0` ~ `9` |
| 關閉當前窗口 | `exit` 或 `Ctrl + d` |
---
#### 🟡 分割窗格（分屏）
| 操作 | 指令 |
|-------------------|-------------------------------------------|
| 水平分割（上下） | `Ctrl + b`，然後按 `"` |
| 垂直分割（左右） | `Ctrl + b`，然後按 `%` |
| 在窗格間切換 | `Ctrl + b`，然後按方向鍵（← ↑ ↓ →） |
| 關閉當前窗格 | `exit` 或 `Ctrl + d` |
| 調整窗格大小 | `Ctrl + b`，按住 `Ctrl` + 方向鍵 |
---
#### 🟣 其他有用指令
| 功能 | 指令 |
|-------------------|-----------------------------------------------|
| 重命名 session | `tmux rename-session -t <舊名> <新名>` |
| 重命名窗口 | `Ctrl + b`，然後按 `,`（逗號） |
| 查看快捷鍵清單 | `Ctrl + b`，然後按 `?` |
| 關閉所有 sessions | `tmux kill-server` |
---
## Links
[20220105重灌前](https://hackmd.io/@microbio-bioinformatics/H1z_Vam3F)
###### tags: `Server`
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