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    # 光的干涉與繞射實驗 0611025 郭庭均 ###### tags: `academy` ## 實驗記錄 紅光二極體雷射波長理論值: $\lambda = 630 \ \text{(nm)}$ ### 雙狹縫干涉 > $D$: 屏幕至雙狹縫模組的垂直距離,$y_m$: 第$m$條亮紋或暗紋至中央亮紋距離 1. 雙狹縫間距$d=5\times10^{-4} \ \text{(m)}$,$D=0.8 \text{(m)}$ ![](https://i.imgur.com/OjqMEAZ.png) 2. 雙狹縫間距$d=2.5\times10^{-4} \ \text{(m)}$,$D=0.8 \text{(m)}$ ![](https://i.imgur.com/32irdJ7.png) --- ### 單狹縫繞射 > $D$: 屏幕至單狹縫模組的垂直距離,$y_m$: 第$m$條亮紋或暗紋至中央亮紋距離 1. 單狹縫寬度$b=1.6\times10^{-4} \ \text{(m)}$,$D=0.8 \text{(m)}$ ![](https://i.imgur.com/3rYBkan.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/HYKkCB3.png) 2. 單狹縫寬度$b=8\times10^{-5} \ \text{(m)}$,$D=0.8 \text{(m)}$ ![](https://i.imgur.com/WZ2IHdM.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/LCXAKOh.png) ### 圓孔繞射 1. 圓孔直徑$b=4\times10^{-4} \ \text{(m)}$,$D=0.8 \text{(m)}$ ![](https://i.imgur.com/n3CaIq4.png) 2. 圓孔直徑$b=2\times10^{-4} \ \text{(m)}$,$D=0.8 \text{(m)}$ ![](https://i.imgur.com/eTpfR4n.png) ### 光柵繞射 1. 相鄰兩狹縫間距$d = 1\times10^{-5} \ \text{(m)}$,$D = 0.97 \ \text{(m)}$ ![](https://i.imgur.com/WjQgrDO.png) 3. 相鄰兩狹縫間距$d = 3.33\times10^{-6} \ \text{(m)}$,$D = 0.97 \ \text{(m)}$風 ![](https://i.imgur.com/lAwM1Pe.png) ## 誤差分析 1. 系統誤差 - 設備: 紅光二極體雷射器材有時會有強度不夠強、無法聚焦的問題。透過多次實驗才正確取得$y_m$的值 - 理論與實驗方法誤差: 由於計算波長的公式$sin\theta \approx tan \theta = \dfrac{y_m}{D}$有取近似值,若$D$愈小近似會愈不準確。 - 環境誤差: 實驗室的燈光影響光感應器測量的光強度。透過減少外界環境的燈光影響也可以減少對光感應器的影響。 2. 人為誤差 - 擷取Data Studio的值時,經常有波峰波谷不夠明確的狀況發生。透過放大scale以及加大擷取頻率也可以改善狀況。 - 干涉繞射條文是否於螢幕上呈現,為人主觀判斷,會有看不出微小角度傾斜的狀況。 - 光柵繞射於方格紙上的標記條文有人為誤差的影響 3. 隨機誤差 ## 問題回答 1. 若雷射光非垂直入射狹縫,屏幕上呈現的干涉條紋是否會改變? 會改變,相鄰兩暗紋間距=相鄰兩亮紋間距會變大,亮帶寬度也會變大。 2. 在不改變實驗架構下(含狹縫規格,狹縫至屏幕距離),僅改變雷射光波長,所測得的干涉或繞射條紋將如何改變? 因為亮帶的位置$\theta$與雷射光波長有關,波長不同所產生的亮帶位置會有所不同。 3. 楊氏當初進行實驗時並無雷射光源,他是如何透過實驗驗證光具有波動性? 製作點光源: 利用經過一個小孔的光作為點光源,點光源發出的光穿過紙上的兩條平行狹縫投射在螢幕上,觀測者就能觀察出干涉條紋。

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