Try   HackMD

ELevating CentOS 7 to AlmaLinux 9

As the Leapp tool is designed to perform one-step migrations, in order to migrate your CentOS 7 machine to AlmaLinux 9 you need to split the migration process:

  • CentOS 7 to AlmaLinux 8
  • AlmaLinux 8 to AlmaLinux 9

Migrate CentOS 7 to AlmaLinux 8

  • Update the system to get the latest updates and reboot your machine.

    ​​​sudo yum update -y
​​​sudo reboot

  • Install elevate-release package with the project repo and GPG key.

    ​​​sudo yum install -y http://repo.almalinux.org/elevate/elevate-release-latest-el$(rpm --eval %rhel).noarch.rpm

  • Install leapp packages and migration data for AlmaLinux:

    ​​​sudo yum install -y leapp-upgrade leapp-data-almalinux

  • Start a preupgrade check. In the meanwhile, the Leapp utility creates a special /var/log/leapp/leapp-report.txt file that contains possible problems and recommended solutions. No rpm packages will be installed at this phase.

    Preupgrade check will fail as the default install doesn't meet all requirements for migration.

    ​​​sudo leapp preupgrade

    This summary report will help you get a picture of whether it is possible to continue the upgrade.

    In certain configurations, Leapp generates /var/log/leapp/answerfile with true/false questions. Leapp utility requires answers to all these questions in order to proceed with the upgrade.

  • The following fixes from the /var/log/leapp/leapp-report.txt file are the most popular for CentOS 7, but it's recommended to review the whole file.

    ​​​sudo rmmod pata_acpi
​​​echo PermitRootLogin yes | sudo tee -a /etc/ssh/sshd_config
​​​sudo leapp answer --section remove_pam_pkcs11_module_check.confirm=True

    Check the ELevate Frequent Issues page for known and frequent issues and guidance steps to solve them.

  • Start an upgrade. You'll be offered to reboot the system after this process is completed.

    ​​​sudo leapp upgrade
​​​sudo reboot

  • A new entry in GRUB called ELevate-Upgrade-Initramfs will appear. The system will be automatically booted into it.
    See how the update process goes in the console.

  • After reboot, login to the system and check how the migration went. Verify that the current OS is the one you need. Check logs and packages left from previous OS version, consider removing them or update manually.

cat /etc/redhat-release
cat /etc/os-release
rpm -qa | grep el7 
cat /var/log/leapp/leapp-report.txt
cat /var/log/leapp/leapp-upgrade.log

Prepare the system for migration to AlmaLinux 9

When successfully migrated to AlmaLinux 8 OS, consider performing these steps to prepare your system for migration to AlmaLinux 9:

  • Navigate to the /etc/ directory and use an editor of your choice to edit the yum.conf file. You need to remove everything from the exclude line especially that refers to elevate or leapp.

    An example of yum.conf file:
    ​​​[main]
​​​gpgcheck=1
​​​installonly_limit=3
​​​clean_requirements_on_remove=True
​​​best=True
​​​skip_if_unavailable=False
​​​exclude=python2-leapp,snactor,leapp-upgrade-el7toel8,leapp

  • Then navigate to the /etc/dnf/ directory and use an editor of your choice to do the same in the dnf.conf file.

  • Now you can remove/manually upgrade packages left from CentOS 7 without any conflicts.

  • Check packages left from CentOS 7:

    ​​​rpm -qa | grep el7

    An example output with a list of packages:

    ​​​leapp-upgrade-el7toel8-0.16.0-6.el7.elevate.17.noarch
​​​yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch
​​​python2-leapp-0.14.0-1.el7.noarch
​​​leapp-data-almalinux-0.1-6.el7.noarch
​​​kernel-3.10.0-1160.102.1.el7.x86_64
​​​kernel-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64
​​​java-1.7.0-openjdk-headless-1.7.0.261-2.6.22.2.el7_8.x86_64
​​​btrfs-progs-4.9.1-1.el7.x86_64
​​​elevate-release-1.0-2.el7.noarch
​​​leapp-0.14.0-1.el7.noarch

    As mentioned above, consider removing these packages or upgrading them manually to proceed with migration to AlmaLinux 9.

    If you face difficulties while removing the packages, the following command might help you:

    ​​​rpm -e --nodeps <package_name>

  • You can also check for the packages left from the migration process and remove them:

    ​​​rpm -qa | grep elevate
​​​rpm -qa | grep leapp

  • Check whether you have the /root/tmp_leapp_py3 directory created and if so delete it.

    ​​​sudo rm -fr /root/tmp_leapp_py3

  • Clean up your machine.

    ​​​sudo dnf clean all

  • You may also have to remove old RSA/SHA1 GPG keys. List the keys:

    ​​​rpm -q gpg-pubkey --qf '%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE}\t%{SUMMARY}\n'

    To remove them, use use the rpm -e command:

    ​​​rpm -e [keyname]

After these preparations are completed, you can migrate your AlmaLinux 8 machine to AlmaLinux 9.

Migrating AlmaLinux 8 to AlmaLinux 9

  • Install elevate-release package with the project repo and GPG key.

    ​​​sudo yum install -y http://repo.almalinux.org/elevate/elevate-release-latest-el$(rpm --eval %rhel).noarch.rpm

  • Install leapp packages and migration data for AlmaLinux:

    ​​​sudo yum install -y leapp-upgrade leapp-data-almalinux

  • Start a preupgrade check. In the meanwhile, the Leapp utility creates a special /var/log/leapp/leapp-report.txt file that contains possible problems and recommended solutions. No rpm packages will be installed at this phase.

    Preupgrade check will fail as the default install doesn't meet all requirements for migration.

    ​​​sudo leapp preupgrade

    This summary report will help you get a picture of whether it is possible to continue the upgrade.

    In certain configurations, Leapp generates /var/log/leapp/answerfile with true/false questions. Leapp utility requires answers to all these questions in order to proceed with the upgrade.

  • The following fixes from the /var/log/leapp/leapp-report.txt file are the most popular fixes for RHEL8-based operating systems:

    ​​​sudo sed -i "s/^AllowZoneDrifting=.*/AllowZoneDrifting=no/" /etc/firewalld/firewalld.conf
​​​sudo leapp answer --section check_vdo.no_vdo_devices=True

    You might also find the following issue in the leapp-report file that can interfere with the migration. Consider removing the file:

    ​​​ Network configuration for unsupported device types detected
​​​ Summary: RHEL 9 does not support the legacy network-scripts package that was deprecated in RHEL 8 in favor of NetworkManager. Files for device types that are not supported by NetworkManager are present in the system. Files with the problematic configuration:
​​​   - /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

    Check the ELevate Frequent Issues page for known and frequent issues and guidance steps to solve them.

  • Start an upgrade. You'll be offered to reboot the system after this process is completed.

    ​​​sudo leapp upgrade
​​​sudo reboot

    You might want to remove the make-devel package as it conflicts when running leapp upgrade and thus this step fails.

  • A new entry in GRUB called ELevate-Upgrade-Initramfs will appear. The system will be automatically booted into it.
    See how the update process goes in the console.

  • After reboot, login to the system and check how the migration went. Verify that the current OS is the one you need. Check logs and packages left from previous OS version, consider removing them or update manually.

cat /etc/redhat-release
cat /etc/os-release
rpm -qa | grep el8
cat /var/log/leapp/leapp-report.txt
cat /var/log/leapp/leapp-upgrade.log
Last changed by 
 
AlmaLinux
AlmaLinux
0
203

Read more

tags: processing

Hello, Community! After AlmaLinux OS has shifted its direction, it now aims to provide more of additional content for the Community. For such purpose, two additional repositories have been added - Testing and Synergy. AlmaLinux OS Foundation is announcing that both repositories are now available for AlmaLinux OS 8 and AlmaLinux OS 9.

Feb 6, 2025
Errata template

Subject: [type of advisory Advisory] errata ID, severity: short description update Hi, you are receiving an AlmaLinux Bugfix/Enhancement/Security update email because you subscribed to receive errata notifications from AlmaLinux. Type: type Severity: severity Release date: release date Summary:

Feb 6, 2025
Announcing ELevate upgrades between OS versions 8 to 9 goes stable

Hello, Community! We&apos;d like to announce that ELevate project now supports upgrades from 8.x to 9.x within your chose distrubution! Visually, you can see ELevate supports the following migration directions: * - migration to CentOS Stream 9 is currently in process and will be available later. ** - migration to Oracle Linux 9 is available with the Oracle Leapp utility and will not be supported by ELevate project. As usual, this is a simple reminder to make sure you have backups and/or snapshots of your system before you proceed. It is recommended to do a trial run in a sandbox to verify that migration worked as expected before you attempt to migrate any production system. For more details, please, visit the the webpage and ELevate wiki page. You may also wanna check out the ELevate Quick Start Guide to start with. We are eager to get your feedback, contributions, and bug reports as they are helpful in making the migration more stable and adding support for other operating systems and making the migration more stable.

Feb 6, 2025
Testers needed for updated packages: Intel and AMD CPUs affected

Earlier this week a few vulnerabilities have been reported to affect Intel and AMD CPUs. AlmaLinux OS Foundation calls for community to help to test updated packages for AlmaLinux OS 8 and AlmaLinux OS 9.

Feb 6, 2025
Read more from AlmaLinux
Published on HackMD