OCF 開放文化基金會
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    # 國際開源發展史 | 💪 大家一起共筆吧 在這個展區中我們希望刻劃出臺灣和國際事件的時間軸,讓交織和互相作用的社群與科技發展線合而為一。 ::: success * XXXX 年:空白範本(有缺的請複製) * 影響: * 連結或圖片: ::: :::info * (範本)1991 年:AT&T 控告 BSD 內含 UNIX 程式碼, (標題 20 字) * 影響:開源的 FreeBSD 出現 (內文 200 字) * 影響:軟體程式碼以文字形式的方式,受著作權保護 * 連結或圖片:http://old.linux.vbird.org/linux_basic/0320bash/csh/no1-1-10.html ::: * 1983 - Richard Stallman 發起了自由軟體運動,帶動社會推崇一陣釋放軟體程式碼自由的風氣。 * 自由軟體運動 - Richard Stallman 想要修改出問題的印表機驅動程式而向廠商要求程式原始碼,但遭到拒絕。他認為不公開原始碼會限制軟體科技的正向發展,因此他決心要創造一個完全自由,並能夠相容當時較為普遍的作業系統 UNIX 的軟體,同時強調這個軟體和 UNIX 系統完全不同:命名為 GNU(Gnu is Not UNIX)。 * 影響:Richard Stallman 提出了軟體應有的四大自由,他認為軟體應該是能夠被自由使用、研究、修改和散佈的,不應被商業公司以專有軟體的形式獨佔。GNU 計劃的誕生,強調了使用者的自由和權利,反對專有軟體的限制,並鼓勵開放和協作的開發模式,引起不少人認同,演化為一場社會和文化的運動。 * 連結或圖片:https://www.fsf.org/history/img/event/gnusenet-manifesto.png (Image: gnu-announce, CC BY 4.0 @Free Software Foundation, Inc) * 1985 年:自由軟體基金會成立 - 1985年,自由軟體基金會(Free Software Foundation,簡稱FSF)成立。這一重要事件推動了自由軟體的發展,提供法律和技術支援,確保使用者擁有軟體的自由,包括自由使用、修改、分享和發佈的權利。FSF的成立激勵了許多開源專案和社群的興起,使開源運動迅速擴展,深刻影響全球軟體開發模式。FSF還推廣了GNU計畫,這是Linux操作系統的基石之一,對現代計算領域產生巨大影響。FSF在技術和法律層面提供支持,保護開發者和使用者的權利,促進自由軟體的廣泛使用和發展。 * 連結或圖片:自由軟體基金會網站 - 1998 年:開放源碼促進會成立 - 1998年,開放源碼促進會(Open Source Initiative,OSI)正式成立。這個非營利組織旨在推廣和支持開放源碼軟體的發展。OSI 對開放源碼的定義和標準化起到了關鍵作用,使得開發者和企業能夠更清晰地理解和採用開放源碼軟體。這不僅促進了軟體的共享和協作,也提高了軟體開發的透明度和可靠性。OSI 的成立和活動推動了開放源碼運動,改變了整個科技產業的軟體開發方式,促進了更多創新和更廣泛的技術應用。 * 連結或圖片:開放源碼促進會網站 * 1999 年:《教堂與市集》出版 - 1999年,Eric S. Raymond 的著作《教堂與市集》正式出版。這本書詳細闡述了開放碼開發模式,將其與傳統的封閉式軟體開發進行對比。Raymond 將封閉式開發比作教堂,內部秘密運作;而開放源碼則像市集,開放、透明,鼓勵廣泛參與和協作。《教堂與市集》對業界產生了深遠影響,促使企業和開發者重新思考和採用開放源碼模式。這本書推動了開放源碼軟體的普及,改變了軟體開發的思維方式,促進了技術創新和協作文化的形成,對科技產業帶來了深刻的變革。 * 連結或圖片:《教堂與市集》全文 * 1991 年:Linux 核心完成 - 1991年,Linus Torvalds 完成並發布了 Linux 核心。這個開放源碼的核心迅速成為 GNU/Linux 作業系統的基礎,對科技界產生了巨大影響。Linux 核心的誕生標誌著開發者和用戶擁有了免費且靈活的操作系統選擇。由於其穩定性和安全性,Linux 被廣泛應用於伺服器和個人電腦,成為眾多企業和機構的首選作業系統。它不僅推動了開放源碼運動的發展,還促進了全球技術社群的協作和創新,改變了軟體開發和使用的方式。Linux 的成功為現代作業系統奠定了堅實的基礎,影響深遠。 * 連結或圖片:Linux 核心歷史 * 1998 年:Netscape 宣布釋出原始碼,成為第一個公開原始碼的大型商業軟體,也被稱為 Mozilla 專案。 * 連結或圖片:Mozilla 專案歷史 - 1998 年:萬聖節文件 * 2002 年:Firefox * 影響:Firefox 瀏覽器提供了一個快速、安全且開放源碼的替代品,廣受歡迎,促進了開放網路標準的推廣。 * 連結或圖片:Firefox 官方網站 * 2002 年:Creative Commons 第一版授權釋出 * 影響:Creative Commons 授權條款提供了一個靈活的版權框架,允許創作者分享和保護其作品。 * 連結或圖片:Creative Commons 官方網站 * 1989 年:WWW(全球資訊網) * 影響:由 Tim Berners-Lee 發明的全球資訊網改變了資訊的分享和訪問方式,形成了現代互聯網的基礎。 * 連結或圖片:WWW 歷史 * 2004 年:開放標準與格式 * 影響:開放標準與格式的推廣確保了資訊的互操作性和持久性,防止了技術鎖定。 * 連結或圖片:~~[Open Standards](https://www.openstand.org/lander)~~ * 2006 年:德國軟體工程師 Harald Welte 提告台灣友訊 (D-Link) 違反 GPL 條款,並成為全球第一個經過完整法院程序的判例" * 2007 年:Linux Foundation 成立 , 由 Open Source Development Labs, OSDL (2000) 與 Free Standards Group, FSG 合併而成 * 2009 年:開放政府國會 * 影響:推動政府資料開放透明,促進公共參與和政府問責。 * 連結或圖片:Open Government Partnership * 2000 年:數位人權 * 影響:強調數位環境中的基本人權,保護個人隱私和自由。 * 連結或圖片:Digital Rights * 2010 年:全世界網路自由小聚啟動 * 影響:促進網路自由和數位權利的國際合作與倡議。 * 連結或圖片:Internet Freedom

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