###### tags: `TSC` `Linux`

Create Standalone SDK from imx
=====

# 前言

## Key component
要讓 CPU 跑 linux 基本要有幾個組件
- Bootloader
- Kernel
- rootfs

### Bootloader


### Files and binaries required in the boot partition:

• flash.bin: Fit image containing U-Boot and the ATF
• zImage: Kernel image
• zImage-*.dtb: Device tree

# Pre Setup

:::danger

注意事項:

1. 編譯Yocto Project 官方文件提到 Linux Host 機器，硬碟空間至少要 ==120 GB==
2. 使用虛擬機(VM)建構硬碟/linux Host時，建議使用==固定大小==，不要使用動態分配
3. 建議使用 Ubuntu 18.04 or 相同的host linux 版本

ref:
:::

## 安裝相依套件

sudo apt-get install gawk wget git-core diffstat unzip texinfo gcc-multilib \
build-essential chrpath socat cpio python python3 python3-pip python3-pexpect \
xz-utils debianutils iputils-ping python3-git python3-jinja2 libegl1-mesa libsdl1.2-dev \
pylint3 xterm rsync curl libncursesw5-dev libncurses5-dev

## 配置 Git

git config --global user.name "<Your Name>"
git config --global user.email "<Your Email>"
git config --list

## 配置 repo utility

- Create a bin folder in the home directory.

mkdir ~/bin
curl https://storage.googleapis.com/git-repo-downloads/repo > ~/bin/repo
chmod a+x ~/bin/repo

- Add the following line to the .bashrc file to ensure that the ~/bin folder is in your PATH variable.

export PATH=~/bin:$PATH > ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

# 建立 Toolchain (使用 Yocto Project)

1. 建立 Yocto Project on imx-5.10.52-2.1.0

mkdir imx-yocto-bsp
cd imx-yocto-bsp
repo init -u https://source.codeaurora.org/external/imx/imx-manifest -b imx-linux-hardknott -m imx-5.10.52-2.1.0.xml
repo sync

2. 建立yocto 設定檔

usage:
DISTRO=<distro name> MACHINE=<machine name> source imx-setup-release.sh -b <build dir> 

- imx8mp-lpddr4-evk

DISTRO=fsl-imx-xwayland MACHINE=imx8mp-lpddr4-evk source imx-setup-release.sh -b imx8mp_build_xwayland

- imx8mmevk

DISTRO=fsl-imx-xwayland MACHINE=imx8mmevk source imx-setup-release.sh -b imx8mmevk_build_xwayland

:::info

執行會進行 EULA 簽署，輸入 y 即可

> distro name:
* fsl-imx-wayland : Wayland weston graphics.
* fsl-imx-xwayland : Wayland graphics and X11. X11 applications using EGL are not supported.
* ~~fsl-imx-fb : Frame Buffer graphics - no X11 or Wayland. Frame Buffer is not supported on i.MX 8.~~
> machine name:

i.MX 8
* imx8qmmek
* imx8qxpc0mek
* imx8mqevk
* imx8mm-lpddr4-evk
* imx8mm-ddr4-evk
* imx8mn-lpddr4-evk
* imx8mn-ddr4-evk
- [x] ==imx8mp-lpddr4-evk==
* imx8mp-ddr4-evk
* imx8dxl-lpddr4-evk
* imx8mnddr3levk
* imx8ulp-lpddr4-evk
* imx8mmddr3lval ==> 編譯失敗

> 其他config 定義至 source/meta-xxx/conf/machine 的 xxx.conf
example: imx8mmddr3lval in "/sources/meta-imx/meta-bsp/conf/machine"

Restarting a build environment
> If a new terminal window is opened or the machine is rebooted after a build directory is set up, the setup environment script should
be used to set up the environment variables and run a build again. The full imx-setup-release.sh is not needed.

source setup-environment <build-dir>

:::

3. 執行 bitbake

> ==這個步驟需要等待 4~5 小時==

- imx8mpevk

DISTRO=fsl-imx-xwayland MACHINE=imx8mp-lpddr4-evk bitbake imx-image-core -c populate_sdk

- imx8mmevk

DISTRO=fsl-imx-xwayland MACHINE=imx8mmevk bitbake imx-image-core -c populate_sdk

:::info
最後會在 ==tmp/deploy/sdk== 目錄下會產出
`fsl-xxxx.sh` (toolchain install Script file)
:::

4. 安裝 toolchain

執行 toolchain install script file

example:

. /home/max/imx-yocto-bsp/imx8mp_build_xwayland/tmp/deploy/sdk/fsl-imx-xwayland-glibc-x86_64-core-image-minimal-cortexa53-crypto-imx8mpevk-toolchain-5.10-hardknott.sh


:::info
預設安裝置 /opt 下
:::

5. Start build environment

run environment-setup script

. /opt/fsl-imx-xwayland/5.10-hardknott/environment-setup-cortexa53-crypto-poky-linux

or use source

source /opt/fsl-imx-xwayland/5.10-hardknott/environment-setup-cortexa53-crypto-poky-linux

6. 確認 toolchain 是否安裝成功

echo &env | grep -e ARCH= -e CROSS_COMPILE= -e SYSROOT= -e CC=


:::warning
由於sdk 採用動態設定環境變數，若充新開啟 terminal ，請重新執行 'run environment-setup script
:::

# 建立 Bootloader

Bootloader 包含以下組件:

- 1. SECO(Security Controller)
- 2. ATF (ARM Trusted FW)
- 3. U-BOOT

## 建置 SECO FW： Security Controller

SECO: NXP 只提供 Binary file，主要啟動過程中的一些安全認證。

wget http://www.nxp.com/lgfiles/NMG/MAD/YOCTO/firmware-imx-8.13.bin
chmod a+x firmware-imx-8.13.bin
./firmware-imx-8.13.bin --auto-accept

以下路徑會有所需的 bin 檔
firmware-imx-8.13/firmware/ddr/synopsys


## 建置 imx-atf

atf: ARM Trusted FW

[介紹](https://blog.csdn.net/Alex___Zhao/article/details/76794586)

### Only clone lf-5.10.52-2.1.0 branch

git clone -b lf-5.10.52-2.1.0 --single-branch https://source.codeaurora.org/external/imx/imx-atf/

### Make image

`usage: make [PLAT=<platform>] [OPTIONS] [TARGET]`
>detail please run ==make help==

example build the bl31 binary image:

make clean PLAT=imx8mp
LDFLAGS="" make -j $(nproc) PLAT=imx8mp bl31

:::info
PLAT: Platform define
> imx Platform
Path: imx-atf/plat/imx

bl31: EL3 Firmware

:::

建置結果

## 建置 uboot-imx

### 下載

Only clone lf-5.10.52-2.1.0 branch

git clone -b lf-5.10.52-2.1.0 --single-branch https://source.codeaurora.org/external/imx/uboot-imx

### 編譯

#### clean dist data

make distclean

#### make config file

- for i.MX 8M Plus DDR4 EVK board

make imx8mp_ddr4_evk_defconfig

- for i.MX 8M Plus LPDDR4 EVK board

make imx8mp_evk_defconfig

- for i.MX 8M mini LPDDR4 EVK board

make imx8mm_evk_defconfig

- for i.MX 8M mini DDR3L val board

make imx8mm_ddr3l_val_defconfig


#### make image

make -j $(nproc) 


### make menuconfig

:::info
linux host (ubuntu should install libncurses5-dev)
apt install libncurses5-dev
:::

should check the compiler is valid

### 所需檔案

:::info
tools/mkimage
spl/u-boot-spl.bin
u-boot-nodtb.bin

arch/arm/dts/imx8mm-ddr4-evk.dtb
:::

## 使用 imx-mkimage 建立 Bootloader image

### 下載
Only clone lf-5.10.52-2.1.0 branch

git clone -b lf-5.10.52-2.1.0 --single-branch https://source.codeaurora.org/external/imx/imx-mkimage

### 首先需要複製 Bootloader image 所需的檔案

- uboot-imx

cp uboot-imx/tools/mkimage ./imx-mkimage/iMX8M/mkimage_uboot

# for ddr4 copy
cp uboot-imx/arch/arm/dts/imx8mp-ddr4-evk.dtb ./imx-mkimage/iMX8M/
cp uboot-imx/spl/u-boot-spl-ddr.bin ./imx-mkimage/iMX8M/
cp uboot-imx/u-boot-nodtb.bin ./imx-mkimage/iMX8M/

# for lpddr4
cp uboot-imx/arch/arm/dts/imx8mp-evk.dtb ./imx-mkimage/iMX8M/
cp uboot-imx/spl/u-boot-spl.bin ./imx-mkimage/iMX8M/
cp uboot-imx/u-boot-nodtb.bin ./imx-mkimage/iMX8M/

- firmware-imx

:::info
for ddr4 copy
- ddr4_dmem_1d.bin
- ddr4_dmem_2d.bin
- ddr4_imem_1d.bin
- ddr4_imem_2d.bin
:::

cp firmware-imx-8.12/firmware/ddr/synopsys/ddr4_dmem_1d.bin ./imx-mkimage/iMX8M/
cp firmware-imx-8.12/firmware/ddr/synopsys/ddr4_dmem_2d.bin ./imx-mkimage/iMX8M/
cp firmware-imx-8.12/firmware/ddr/synopsys/ddr4_imem_1d.bin ./imx-mkimage/iMX8M/
cp firmware-imx-8.12/firmware/ddr/synopsys/ddr4_imem_2d.bin ./imx-mkimage/iMX8M/

 cp firmware-imx-8.12/firmware/ddr/synopsys/ddr3_*.bin ./imx-mkimage/iMX8M/

:::info
for lpddr4 copy
- lpddr4_pmu_train_1d_dmem_202006.bin
- lpddr4_pmu_train_1d_imem_202006.bin
- lpddr4_pmu_train_2d_dmem_202006.bin
- lpddr4_pmu_train_2d_imem_202006.bin
:::

cp firmware-imx-8.12/firmware/ddr/synopsys/lpddr4_pmu_train_1d_dmem_202006.bin  ./imx-mkimage/iMX8M
cp firmware-imx-8.12/firmware/ddr/synopsys/lpddr4_pmu_train_1d_imem_202006.bin  ./imx-mkimage/iMX8M
cp firmware-imx-8.12/firmware/ddr/synopsys/lpddr4_pmu_train_2d_dmem_202006.bin  ./imx-mkimage/iMX8M
cp firmware-imx-8.12/firmware/ddr/synopsys/lpddr4_pmu_train_2d_imem_202006.bin  ./imx-mkimage/iMX8M

- imx-atf

cp imx-atf/build/imx8mp/release/bl31.bin ./imx-mkimage/iMX8M/

## Make Bootloader image

cd imx-mkimage

run make help

usage make SOC=<SOC_TARGET> [TARGET]
i.e.  make SOC=iMX8QX flash
Common Targets:

Parts with SCU
	  flash_scfw          - Only boot SCU
	  flash               - SCU + AP
	  flash_flexspi       - SCU + AP (FlexSPI device) 
	  flash_nand          - SCU + AP (NAND device) 
	  flash_cm4           - SCU + M4_0 TCM image
	  flash_linux_m4      - SCU + AP (OPTEE) + M4_0 (and M4_1) TCM image
	  flash_linux_m4_xip  - SCU + AP (OPTEE) + M4_0 (and M4_1) FLASH XIP image
	  flash_linux_m4_ddr  - SCU + AP (OPTEE) + M4_0 (and M4_1) DDR image

Parts w/o SCU
	  flash_ddr3l_val          - DisaplayPort FW + u-boot spl
	  flash_ddr3l_val_no_hdmi  - u-boot spl
	  flash_hdmi_spl_uboot     - HDMI FW + u-boot spl
	  flash_dp_spl_uboot       - DisaplayPort FW + u-boot spl
	  flash_spl_uboot          - u-boot spl

Typical flash cmd: dd if=iMX8QM/flash.bin of=/dev/<your device> bs=1k seek=33

- for DDR4

- iMX8M Plus

    make  SOC=iMX8MP flash_ddr4_evk

- iMX8M Mini

    make  SOC=iMX8MM flash_ddr4_evk

- for LPDDR4

- iMX8M Plus

    make  SOC=iMX8MP flash_evk

- iMX8M Mini

    make  SOC=iMX8MM flash_evk

- for LPDDR3L

- iMX8M Mini

    make  SOC=iMX8MM flash_ddr3l_evk

建置成功將於 `imx-mkimage/iMX8M` 輸出 ==flash.bin==

## make parameter

in soc.mak file

- imx8mp
::: info
PLAT = imx8mp
HDMI = no
SPL_LOAD_ADDR = 0x920000
SPL_FSPI_LOAD_ADDR = 0x920000
TEE_LOAD_ADDR = 0x56000000
ATF_LOAD_ADDR = 0x00970000
VAL_BOARD = val
#define the F(Q)SPI header file
QSPI_HEADER = ../scripts/fspi_header
QSPI_PACKER = ../scripts/fspi_packer.sh
VERSION = v2
LPDDR_FW_VERSION = _202006
DDR_FW_VERSION = _202006
:::

- imx8mm
::: info
PLAT = imx8mm
HDMI = no
SPL_LOAD_ADDR = 0x7E1000
SPL_FSPI_LOAD_ADDR = 0x7E2000
TEE_LOAD_ADDR ?= 0xbe000000
ATF_LOAD_ADDR = 0x00920000
VAL_BOARD = val
#define the F(Q)SPI header file
QSPI_HEADER = ../scripts/fspi_header 0
QSPI_PACKER = ../scripts/fspi_packer.sh
VERSION = v1
:::

# 編譯 linux kernel

## 下載

Only clone lf-5.10.52-2.1.0 branch

git clone -b lf-5.10.52-2.1.0 --single-branch https://source.codeaurora.org/external/imx/linux-imx

## 編譯

make distclean
make imx_v8_defconfig
make -j $(nproc) Image dtbs

:::info
“error : openssl/bio.h :No such file or folder”
sudo apt install libssl-dev
:::

## 所需檔案：

## device tree binary
arch/arm64/boot/dts/freescale/*imx8mp*.dtb
## Kernal image
arch/arm64/boot/Image

# rootfs

1. 直接下載Nxp官方編譯好的 (需要登入)

https://www.nxp.com/webapp/sps/download/license.jsp?colCode=L5.10.35_2.0.0_MX8MP&appType=file1&location=null&DOWNLOAD_ID=null

# 燒錄

# The disk layout used is:
#  - ---------- -------------- --------------
# | | imx-boot |     boot     |    rootfs    |
#  - ---------- -------------- --------------
# ^ ^          ^              ^              ^
# | |          |              |              |
# 0 |        8MiB          72MiB          72MiB + rootfs + IMAGE_EXTRA_SPACE (default 10MiB)
#   32 32 or 33kiB, see reference manual

請參考 Linux Image 製作方式
https://hackmd.io/NhzRJ7rqTeuBoc4iEhy4yg

## bootloader

dd if=<boot_image> of=/dev/sd<x> bs=1k seek=<offset> conv=fsync

example:

- iMX 8M Plus

dd if=flash.bin of=/dev/sdb bs=1k seek=32 conv=fsync

- iMX 8M Mini

dd if=flash.bin of=/dev/sdb bs=1k seek=33 conv=fsync

Where:
• offset is:
— 1 - for i.MX 6 or i.MX 7
— 33 - for i.MX 8QuadMax A0, i.MX 8QuadXPlus A0, i.MX 8M Quad, i.MX 8M Mini
— 32 - for i.MX 8QuadXPlus B0, i.MX 8QuadMax B0, i.MX 8DXL, i.MX 8M Nano, and i.MX 8M Plus
• sd<x> is:
— Device node for the SD card
• boot_image is:
— u-boot.imx - for i.MX 6 or i.MX 7
— flash.bin - for i.MX8

## kernel image

sudo dd if=<zImageName> of=/dev/sd<partition> bs=512 seek=2048 conv=fsync && sync

## kernel devicetree

sudo dd if=<DevicetreeName>.dtb of=/dev/sd<partition> bs=512 seek=20480 conv=fsync

# 參考資料

https://github.com/SolidRun/imx8mp_build/blob/master/runme.sh

https://coldnew.github.io/9cbf4b94/

iMX8QXP BSP Standalone Building Up
https://www.wpgdadatong.com/tw/blog/detail?BID=B1395

LF5.10.35_2.0.0 IMX_LINUX_RELEASE_NOTES
https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/release-note/IMX_LINUX_RELEASE_NOTES.pdf

IMX_YOCTO_PROJECT_USERS_GUIDE
https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/user-guide/IMX_YOCTO_PROJECT_USERS_GUIDE.pdf

https://www.nxp.com/search?keyword=%2520L5.10.35&start=0&TARGET=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.nxp.com%252Fsearch%253Fkeyword%253DL5.10%2526start%253D0%2526&SAMLart=AAFSsPYAkNKN6Mb0Q6Li8D8gawrtLDPEJ99b3OIofvIALYpynjEcWdWa

imx8m mini 中如何手动将kernel和dtb拷贝到eMMC上
https://www.wpgdadatong.com/tw/blog/detail?BID=B1656

在Imx8m mini 上通过TFTP实现NFS启动
https://www.wpgdadatong.com/tw/blog/detail?BID=B1503

imx8m mini中jailhouse hypervisor的应用
https://www.wpgdadatong.com/tw/blog/detail?BID=B2215

【ATU Book-i.MX8系列】 NXP i.MX8M Mini 環境建置
https://www.wpgdadatong.com/tw/blog/detail?BID=B1134

https://www.wpgdadatong.com/tw/profile?uid=64902&type=blogPost&timeSort=2&title=blogPost

https://www.wpgdadatong.com/tw/profile?uid=60572&type=blogPost&timeSort=2&title=blogPost

https://www.wpgdadatong.com/cn/profile?uid=66412&type=blogPost&timeSort=2&title=blogPost

https://www.wpgdadatong.com/tw/profile?uid=62865&type=blogPost&timeSort=2&title=blogPost

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https://www.wpgdadatong.com/tw/profile?uid=60836&type=blogPost&timeSort=2&title=blogPost

https://www.wpgdadatong.com/tw/profile?uid=60459&type=blogPost&timeSort=2&title=blogPost

## 构建 i.MX8 Yocto BSP 镜像
https://getiot.tech/imx8/build-imx-yocto-bsp-image.html

## Test Report vA0076
http://ess-wiki.advantech.com.tw/view/Test_Report_vA0076

iMX8QXP BSP Standalone Building Up
https://www.wpgdadatong.com/tw/blog/detail?BID=B1395