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# Shell Code ## Lektion 1: Chat * Install an IRC client * Connect to the 'Freenode' server * Join the secret channel ## Lektion 2: What the shell zB Bash, Fish, Dash Vorteil: Man kann mehrere Befehle verbinden -> ist sehr mächtig Kommandos nehmen Argumente, Argumente sind durch Leerzeichen getrennt. ## Lektion 3: Running programs Deklarative Programmierung: Beschreiben, was man will, und der Computer macht das dann für einen ### Basisprogramme Parameter: sind einem Command zugeordnet, beginnen häufig mit "--" oder "-" und sind erkennbare Befehle (gegenüber Parametern, bei denen ein einziger Buchstabe einen gesamten Befehl abbildet) Reihenfolge der Parameter hängt vom Command ab also z. B. sort -r (Command: sortiere, mit dem Parameter reverse, also: umgekehrt sortieren) man Befehl -> ruft die Beschreibung auf #### Navigation * Direcories (Ordner) * Files (Dateien) Pfade: Der Ort, an dem sich die Datei befindet. z.B. Dokumente/ProjektFordPrefect/hello_world.txt Absolute Pfade: / am Anfang (absolut = Pfad vom root-Verzeichnis aus) relative Pfade: kein / am Anfang (relativ = Pfad vom aktuellen Verzeichnis aus; man könnte auch schreiben ./ und dann den relativen Pfad) (we don't talk about Windows) UNIX setzt die Normen Orte: Aktuelles Directory, home Directory, root Directory (wo alles beginnt, äußerst mögliches Directory, angezeigt durch /) Files: . - aktuelles Directory .. - übergeordnete Verzeichnis #### Befehle ($ definiert: hier beginnt ein Shell-Befehl) $ pwd (print working directory) – Zeigt aktuelle s directory an (Default: persönlicher Home-Space) $ cd – Change Directory -> ohne Parameter geht es ins home directory $ cd Dokumente/MyProject $ cd /media/MyUsbStick $ cd .. - geht ein Verzeichnis "höher" ##### Commands $ ls – List files and directories $ ls -al – list ALL files $ man ls - Manual des Parameters ls (Bedienungsanleitung) (ruft ein eigenes Programm auf) auch $ --h oder --help Nebenbei: Das Command $ find ist dafür berüchtigt, immer was anderes zu machen als es soll Hausaufgabe: Recherchiert mit man und Internet folgende Commands ls, cp, mv, rm, vi, vim, dmesg, ping, wget, curl, apt-get, brew, pacman, find, cat, grep, mplayer, gpg, ssh, scp, tar, gzip, youtube-dl, mount, umount, awk, sed, htop, kill, ps, lsof, fuser, sudo, su, du, df, shutdown, halt, reboot, sl, lsblk, lsusb, lshw, emacs, sed, pv, ssh, rsync, sort, traceroute, du, xargs, tail, head, man, tac ## Lektion 4: Shell Programmierung Stärke von Shell ist die Verbindung von Kommandos zu einem Programm (Bash hat keine gute Reputation weil undurchsichtig, ist aber auch sehr mächtig) 3 Standard-Streams: Standart in Standard out Standard error ls ist zum Beispiel eine Datenabfrage, die dann auf dem Standard out Stream ausgelesen wird Stream-Processing-Bezeichnungen: source: z.B. ls, filter: z.B. grep sync: z. B. rm oder mv Der Trick besteht darin, die Kombination von Befehlen zu finden, die du brauchst. Pipe: source | filter | sink -> leitet output vom ersten Befehl in den zweiten Befehl z.B. ls | sort | head -n 5 -> listet die obersten 5 aus http://overthewire.org/wargames/bandit/ ### Stream Redirection Standard Output wird in neues File geschrieben: > z. B. ls > listoffiles.txt, Bedeutet: schreibe den Output dieses Commands in folgendes File Standard Input wird gelesen: < z. B. "<meinfile.txt grep FindeDiesenString", Bedeutet: lies aus diesem File aus und führe das folgende Command "grep" mit dem parameter "FindeDiesenString" xargs liest zeilen/wortweise aus meinem Input ein und übergibt jedes Wort in das Command ein als argument. Gegenteil: Konvertiere Argumente in Output `echo -e "arg1\narg2\narg3\n"`

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