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    # 冰上曲棍球 ###### tags: `RD1-Sport` :::spoiler 目錄 > [TOC] ::: ![](https://i.imgur.com/DJjIdIl.png) 冰球(ice hockey ),也稱"冰上曲棍球"。冰球是一項在冰上進行的團體運動,兩隊運動員穿著冰刀鞋,手持球杆,在冰場上爭奪一橡膠扁圓球,以擊入對方球門得分。冰球主要盛行於北美北部(加拿大和美國北部)和北歐部分地區,亦是冬季奧林匹克運動會的比賽項目之一和北美四大職業運動之一。 冰球的運動投注已經是世界上許多運動彩券發行公司的重要投注項目;台灣運彩為了服務冰球運彩的消費者,也將於北美國家冰球聯盟(NHL)在賽事舉行時,開放消費者投注。 ## 基本規則 比賽時間:每場比賽分三局,每局20分鐘 場地:冰場長度約200英尺,寬85英尺,四角半圓形,球門高四英尺,寬六英尺,可分為攻區、中區和守區。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/iLQRLKF.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/b7UmnRf.png) - 每隊含守門員(Goalie)一名、翼鋒(Winger)兩名、中鋒(Centerman)一名、防守後衛(Defenseman)兩名,共有六人。翼鋒與中鋒合稱前鋒(forward),兩名翼鋒與1名中鋒的配搭則構成1組進攻線(Line),而2位防守後衛則組成一組防守組(defense pair)。 - IIHF規則規定每一隊可以有二十人加兩個守門員。 - NHL則是十八人加兩名守門員。一般NHL的配備是每隊由四組前鋒隊員加上三組後衛隊員。 設1名裁判,2名邊線裁判,場外有2名監門員,還有1名計時員,1名計罰計時員和1名記分員。 國際冰聯將聯盟下的會員分為三級,A級可參加世界錦標賽和奧運。 - 在NHL規則中,如其中一隊球員在比賽過程中犯規,裁判有權對該球員暫時罰離場,輕則兩分鐘,重則五分鐘,有時甚至有重罰十分鐘。被罰得球員會被安排自球場邊的判罰室(Penalty Box)。 該種判罰被稱爲「以寡敵眾」(Power Play),即在該時段球隊會以少打多,而對方在該時段得分,「以寡敵眾」會即時結束,被罰的球員可以返回球場。 但如果是十分鐘的重罰,即使對方得分,被罰的球員仍然要留在判罰室直至十分鐘完結。 比賽中允許用身體將對方球員暫時撞到球場周圍的護板上以延緩其行動。 然而更大尺度的肢體動作或者以球棒打到對手身上一般都會被判作犯規。 ## 賽制與賽事 - **[國家冰球聯盟](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%86%B0%E7%90%83%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F) ![](https://i.imgur.com/qr646az.png)** 國家冰球聯盟(National Hockey League,簡稱NHL) ,是一個由美國與加拿大冰球隊伍所組成的職業運動聯盟,為北美四大職業運動賽事之一,而且是全世界最高層級的職業冰球比賽。NHL現在共有31支球隊,24支位於美國,7支位於加拿大,隊伍共分成東、西兩個聯會(Eastern Conference and Western Conference),每個聯會裡有兩個分區,每年東西兩個聯會的冠軍會在聯盟總決賽中爭奪史坦利盃(Stanley Cup)。 - 比賽 一般來說,每隊各有六名選手同時於場上,一隊有五名球員和一名守門員。比賽的目標是將稱作「puck」的硬化橡膠圓盤射入球場兩邊的敵方球門而得分。 ==每場NHL正規賽共60分鐘。比賽共分三節,每節共20分鐘==,每節之間各有15分鐘的休息。在正規的60分鐘結束後,進球數最多的球隊獲勝。 如果正規時間結束後仍平手,便會進行加時。加時時限為5分鐘,採用黃金入球賽制,即任何一方先入球立即獲勝;每隊只能派出3人(守門員不計算在內)。 如果比賽在加時後仍分不出勝負,則會交叉互射;每隊各派三名球員進行單刀射球,直至分出勝負。勝方得兩分,負方則以加時戰敗作算,得一分。 在季後賽時,加時賽的規則有所不同,互射入球賽被刪除;取而代之是不限次數的20分鐘5對5加時賽,同樣採取黃金入球制。理論上比賽可能一直進行下去,但只有少數幾場比賽是曾經超過4個加時時段,當中更沒有超過6個加時時段。 - 賽制 - **(一)例行賽:** NHL的球季是從每年的10月到隔年的4月,而季後賽從5月到6月。在例行賽時每一支球隊都將會進行82場比賽,41場在主場,41場在客場比賽。整季的例行賽總共將進行1,230場的比賽。 每一場比賽皆會累積積分,==贏的球隊獲得2分,在延長賽輸的球隊得1分,在正規時間輸的球隊則不會有積分進帳==。在北美四大職業運動之中,NHL 是唯一給予延長賽輸球球隊積分的聯盟。 - **(二)季後賽:** 在例行賽結束之後,每一分區取總積分前三名球隊,再加上二支積分最佳的外卡球隊,每個聯會共有8支球隊進行季後賽,季後賽採取==七戰四勝制的淘汰賽==,最後由東、西聯會的冠軍進行總冠軍賽,爭取NHL最高榮譽的史坦利盃。 - **大陸冰球聯盟** ![](https://i.imgur.com/u7EUSs1.png) 大陸冰球聯盟 (Kontinental Hockey League,KHL) 是一個橫跨歐亞大陸的國際職業冰球聯盟,成立於2008年,是目前歐洲最強的職業冰球聯盟,實力僅次於國家冰球聯盟 (NHL) 。KHL的前身是俄羅斯冰球超級聯賽,2008年擴大為國際性的冰球聯盟,目前共有24支球隊,包括來自俄羅斯、白俄羅斯、芬蘭、哈薩克、拉脫維亞和中國等國家的冰球隊。根據發展規劃,未來還會再擴大,可能增加至32隊,超越NHL的30隊,成為全世界最大的冰球聯盟,包括挪威、瑞典、義大利、波蘭和瑞士都有球隊提出加入申請。 - KHL賽制 - **(一)例行賽** 每年8月底至9月初開始,隔年2月底左右結束,期間各隊將進行62場例行賽。 比賽規則大致和NHL相同,但例行賽積分制略有出入,==每場比賽獲勝球隊可得3分、延長賽或PK獲勝的球隊可得2分、延長賽或PK落敗的球隊可得1分、正規時間內落敗則無積分==。 - **(二)季後賽** 東部、西部聯盟各取8支球隊進入季後賽,採用==7戰4勝的淘汰制==。分區冠軍必然進季後賽並成為前兩名種子,3至8名則按照積分排名決定。 - **(三)加加林盃** 每年由東部聯盟冠軍與西部聯盟冠軍進行總冠軍賽,獲勝者將被頒發加加林盃,加加林盃是以第一個進入太空的人類,蘇聯著名太空人尤里.加加林 (Yuri Gagarin)命名。之所以命名為加加林盃,其中一個說法是,第一屆KHL的例行賽結束於4月12日,而這天正是加加林在1961年成為第一個人類進入太空的日子。 ## 投注玩法 ### 參考示意圖 > [每日賽事參考資訊-冰球](https://docs.sportslottery.com.tw/staticpage/s-447.html) ![](https://i.imgur.com/TAxfT4G.png) #### 不讓分 `預測一場運動比賽的對戰球隊(或球員)在比賽結束時,哪一支球隊(或球員)獲得勝利。` #### 讓分 `預測一場比賽的對戰球隊在規定比賽時間結束時,兩隊比分經過讓分調整後的勝方球隊。` #### 大小 `預測一場比賽的對戰球隊在規定比賽結束時,兩隊總得分大於或小於本公司所指定總得分的一種簡單玩法。` #### 單雙 `預測一場運動比賽在規定比賽時間結束時,2隊總得分為單數或是雙數;當兩隊總得分為0時,我們算雙數。` #### 單節 不讓分 `在選定的一場比賽及其局數節數中,預測該局該節的結果為客隊(或球員)獲勝、主隊(或球員)獲勝,或是和局。` #### 雙勝 `您可以在不讓分及讓分玩法中的客、和、主等3個選項中,一次劃記2個選項,讓您的預測正確機率從1/3大幅提高到2/3。` #### 第一球/下一球 `在一場足球比賽進行時,隨時預測踢進第一球(或下一球)的球隊。` #### 冠軍及特別項目 `在特定的運動錦標賽、季賽或其他指定題目,預測總冠軍、分區冠軍、小組冠軍或 其他指定題目的勝出選項。` ## 參考資料 [冰球介紹](https://www.sportslottery.com.tw/zh-tw/innovation/50) [每日賽事參考資訊-冰球](https://docs.sportslottery.com.tw/staticpage/s-447.html) [體育投注知識](https://hackmd.io/KvOf-fzRQX2CkqbeJ7YxiA)

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