Jia Jun Xu
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    # 從 2025 年「八月暴亂」,淺談印尼政治局勢 by 許家雋 [@foolfitz@social.slat.org](https://social.slat.org/@foolfitz) <figure> <img src="https://hackmd.io/_uploads/H1PC-Vljlg.jpg" alt="warga jaga warga"> <figcaption>Warga Jaga Warga,人民照顧人民,<br />source: <a href="https://x.com/GandhiSetyawan/status/1962575953500250339/photo/1">Gandhi Setyawan</a></figcaption> </figure> --- ### 一點科普 - 全國人口 **2.816億** 人 - 土地面積 **190.4萬** km2 - 爪哇島:**13.88萬** km2;人口 **1.41億** 人 - 東爪哇省:**4.79萬** km2;人口 **3540萬** 人 - 國會結構: - 上議院 = 地方代表議會:18個省份,每省選出四名代表,共152席 - 下議院 = 人民代表議會:84個選區,每區選出3 ~ 10名議員,共580席 - 國會選舉與總統選舉會在同一天舉行 --- ### 各個時期 ```mermaid graph TD; A["獨立初期(蘇卡諾)"] --> B["指導式民主時期(蘇卡諾)"] B -->|65年九三零事件:軟性政變| C["New Order(蘇哈托)"] C -->|98年烈火莫熄運動:蘇哈托下台| D["Reformasi 時期"] D -->|歷經三任總統| E["2014年佐科威上台"] ``` --- ### 佐科威:希望之星的墮轉 1. **2005年** - 木匠之子的佐科威,代表民主奮鬥黨,選上梭羅市(Solo)市長;2010年連任 2. **2012年** - 當選雅加達特區省長,聲勢極高 3. **2014年** - 第一位平民總統 4. **2019年** - 連任總統,卻任命政敵普拉博沃擔任國防部長 5. **2019年** - 佐科威長子吉布朗宣佈角逐梭羅市市長 6. **2023年** - 修法為兒子鋪路副總統 7. **2024年** - 總統大選時,不挺自己政黨,挺兒子跟政敵 8. **2024年12月** - 民主奮鬥黨開除佐科威黨籍,控其濫用權力干預憲法法院 --- ### 普拉伯沃:從軍頭到抖音總統 1. **1970年代**:1970年進入軍校,於1974年畢業後加入印尼國軍 2. **1975-1978年 - 鎮壓東帝汶獨立陣線** 3. **1983年 - 東帝汶大屠殺** 4. **1995-1998年 - 特種部隊司令時期** 蘇哈托獨裁統治期間,普拉伯沃曾任印尼陸軍精銳特種部隊(Kopassus)司令,掌握軍權,1995年擔任司令官,1996年晉升為少將 5. **1998年5月 - 雅加達排華暴動爭議** 輿論普遍認為,當年煽動排華暴動最可能的嫌疑人。正是當時掌握近3萬名精銳主戰部隊的陸軍戰略預備軍司令的普拉伯沃 6. **1998年 - 綁架反蘇民運人士** 7. **1998年8月 - 被革職流亡** 8. **2004-2014年 - 政治復出** 9. **2019年 - 入閣擔任國防部長** 10. **2024年 - 當選總統** 在2024年2月14日總統大選,以壓倒性的58.59%當選 --- ### 2025-八月暴亂 - Affan 的死是最後一根稻草 - 2月:砍中央預算 → 造成失業<br> - 示威行動:"[Indonesia Gelap](https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2025/02/26/33ed9bb7-46d3-487d-bf72-822458f5265b_67d95e51.jpg)" => 黑暗印尼 - 流行的 hashtag:"[#kaburajadulu](https://images.sbs.com.au/dims4/default/cb89d1c/2147483647/strip/true/crop/1920x1080+0+0/resize/1280x720!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fsbs-au-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F7d%2F9f%2F8e4091504987bb22e54d490c574e%2Fcopy-of-16x9-homeland-report-bsp-img-asset.png)" => 先跑再說:指年輕人傾向移駐國外 - 3月:國家武裝部隊法,插手政府 - 8月:部分地方政府大幅調高地方稅以因應中央預算削減,例如中爪哇 Pati -> 八月是獨立月,家家戶戶會在門口掛上國旗,但很多民眾升起 one piece 海賊旗 -> 政府想要禁海賊旗 XD --- ### 2025-八月暴亂 - [Brave Pink, Hero Green](https://www.thejakartapost.com/indonesia/2025/09/03/with-brooms-in-hand-as-symbol-for-change-indonesian-women-join-jakarta-protests.html) - 網紅們 - [Jerome Polin](https://www.instagram.com/jeromepolin),支持示威群眾的印尼大網紅,九百多萬粉絲 - [印尼到底發生了什麼事?由印尼人來說](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AcMCZRjTPkQ) by 小賴,留台印華 - [马来网民赞同印尼示威吗?](https://youtu.be/-VdgpsYpsl4?si=ictCI8lL3LZJMpdN) by BBK Network,大馬時事評論 YTR - 週邊其他國家 --- ### Ref. - 中央社專題:[印尼示威](https://www.cna.com.tw/topic/newstopic/4800.aspx) - 關於佐科威 - [素人總統打造權力家族?佐科威十年鋪路,長子參選的爭議與政治語境](https://global.udn.com/global_vision/story/8663/7758648)|轉角國際 - [印尼民主奮鬥黨開除佐科威父子等3人 控佐科威濫權破壞法治嚴重違紀](https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202412160297.aspx)|中央社 - 關於普拉伯沃 - [從侵犯人權者到抖音總統:印尼普拉伯沃的漫長道路](https://www.twreporter.org/a/indonesia-new-president-prabowo-subianto)|報導者 - [印尼大選勝出 普拉伯沃曾鎮壓民運、人權爭議多](https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202402150025.aspx)|中央社 - 關於排華 - [暴動歷史.族群關係與政治變遷:印度尼西亞歷史上的政權轉移與反華暴動](https://web.ntnu.edu.tw/~edwiny/pdf/00-RIOT.pdf) - (機翻)[蘇哈托政權垮台後印尼的反華暴力](https://www.otakupapa.xyz/anti-chinese_violence_in_indonesia_after_soeharto/)

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