igeo kK
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    # The Eager protocol and The Rendezvous feature(葉鎮邦) ## The Eager protocol - On the Responder – 發布一些接收緩衝區(receive buffers) - On the Requestor – 使用SEND opcode 傳送到遠端的QP(由QPN) - sends 是典型的"SIGNALED":當它完成後,我們會希望產生一個work completion. - 並非所有send都是"signaled". - 缺點:memcpy! (不是zero-copy) ## The Eager feature - 降低同步(synchronization)的延遲 - 程式較簡單(只有 MPI_SEND) - 主要用於傳遞較小的訊息 - 接收過程需要緩衝區參與 - 需要CPU的參與 - to drain network at receiver's end - 有最低的延遲 - 需要額外做複製的動作(從緩衝區到目的地) ## The Rendezvous feature - 較為安全和堅固 - 不需要緩衝區 - 主要用於傳遞較大的訊息 - 程式較為複雜 - 可以不用copy(user to user direct) - 延遲較高 ## User和 System buffering **Where is data stored while being sent?** 1. User memory - 及時分配 - 預先分配 - 大部分情況下比較有效率 2. System memory - 可能會有限制 - 在某些特殊的記憶體會比較快 ## completion semantics - non-blocking 即使尚未完成,這些函數也會立即返回 - blocking 直到緩衝區可以使用時才返回函數 - synchronous 需要開始接收才能完成發送 - asynchronous communication 和 computation 可以同時發生 - ready 需要和receiver配對後才能正確地發送(SEND) [同步與異步&阻塞與非阻塞](https://kknews.cc/code/3jlkla.html) ## non-contiguous datatypes - 讓 MPI implementations 可以避免複製 - 假如想上傳的資料是在記憶體是不連續的,就必須把它複製到連續的資料型別,再傳到網路上 - 若有不連續的資料型別,就不需要額外作複製的動作了 ![](https://i.imgur.com/uwCNdvq.jpg) - 尚未廣泛的實施 - 只在特殊且重要的情況會使用 - constant stride - contiguous structures ## Inter-none Turning: Eager Threshold - 從Eager切換到Rendezvous Default: 架構依賴於 common platforms, 為了最佳性能和記憶體佔用量 - Threshold can be modified by users to get smooth performance across message sizes - 記憶體佔用量會隨著Eager Threshold增加 ![](https://imgur.com/EbHB1N9.jpg)

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