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    --- tags: 1102, lsa --- # Week 03(2022/03/03) - Book mode https://hackmd.io/@ncnu-opensource/book [TOC] > [本周講義](https://hackmd.io/wbNY1tP8SP-H715CJ-cOJw?view) ## OSI 和 TCP/IP 的差別 - OSI 通常給做 net work device 的人用,TCP/IP 主要給做 O.S. 的人使用 - 像 switch 就有分很多個 layer 的 switch | 層級 | 資料型態 | 負責事項 | 常見協定 | 傳送依據 | | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------|---| | Application | message | 定義應用程式如何提供服務。 | HTTP, FTP, DNS, SMTP, SSH || | Transport | segment | 負責傳輸過程的流量控制、錯誤處理、資料重送等工作。 | TCP, UDP, RTP, SCTP |port | Internet | packet | 決定資料如何傳送到目的地。 | IP, ICMP |IP Address | link | frame | 負責網路對硬體的溝通。 | Ethernet, Wi-Fi, MPLS | MAC Address :::success TLS 在 Internet 層與 Transport 層中間 ::: ## TCP/IP 4 層 ### Link 層 - 一個網路 (LAN) 裡有兩個相同 MAC address 會發生甚麼事? - switch - 先傳送訊息的 MAC address 會被計入 forwarding table ,下一個 MAC address 會被直接忽略 - hub - 相對影響較小,因為所有封包都會送出去,都收的到 - 但是電腦的 OS 會混亂 - 無線網路為什麼要用 CA (Collision Avoidance)? - 無線網路不管怎麼加密都是不安全的 - 可用性、資訊洩漏 - 太過不穩定,只要中間有其他電波,很容易 G 掉 - 不易準確偵測是否有碰撞發生 - 如果要安全和穩定建議使用有線網路 - 無線網路一定要有 AP 嗎 - AP mode - 網路流量需要介質 (AP) 來幫忙傳 - [AD HOC](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%B7%9A%E9%9A%A8%E6%84%8F%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF) - 無須 AP,可直接互聯 - 點對點通訊網路 - 2.4 G v.s 5 G - 5G 穿透率比 2.4G 好,但是沒辦法繞 :::info 編碼模式 - ![](https://i.imgur.com/YP8KLie.png) - 這種不同編碼方式,讓收送方都能知道正確的訊號 > 資工可以去修計算機網路,前面幾周在教 (我剛好在學 XDDD) > 俊權說網路底層的課現在學生沒甚麼興趣,所以就沒什麼開了 > 電機的課應該也會教 (? ::: - 買 switch 要看他最多能存多少 MAC address - 24 port 通常會支援存 4096 個 address - MAC Address 只能在同個網段下使用,如果要跨網段就是 IP 了 ## Internet layer - arp spoofing

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