Ci Ty Chen
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    --- tags: LinQ , C# , Join Operators --- # Join 在 SQL 中 , 我們可能會有兩張表 , 一張表是個人的資料 , 而另一張表是寵物的資料 , 然後會有一個 ID 來關聯兩張表. 這時如果我們要找某個人有哪些寵物就會使用到 Join 的語法來合併個人以及寵物的資料 Join 有很多種形式 , 如下圖 ![susPQqA.png](https://github.com/s0920832252/LinQ-Note/blob/master/Resources/susPQqA.png?raw=true) [參考來源](https://dotblogs.com.tw/brooke/2015/03/15/150726) LinQ 的 Join 是 Inner Join (圖中最中間) , ### [過載方法](https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-tw/dotnet/api/system.linq.enumerable.join?view=netframework-4.8) Join 有兩個過載方法 (差別只在於是否傳入自定義 IEqualityComparer) ```C# public static IEnumerable<TResult> Join<TOuter, TInner, TKey, TResult>( this IEnumerable<TOuter> outer, IEnumerable<TInner> inner, Func<TOuter, TKey> outerKeySelector, Func<TInner, TKey> innerKeySelector, Func<TOuter, TInner, TResult> resultSelector ); ``` ```C# public static IEnumerable<TResult> Join<TOuter, TInner, TKey, TResult>( this IEnumerable<TOuter> outer, IEnumerable<TInner> inner, Func<TOuter, TKey> outerKeySelector, Func<TInner, TKey> innerKeySelector, Func<TOuter, TInner, TResult> resultSelector, IEqualityComparer<TKey> comparer ); ``` #### 說明 outer : 集合 A inner : 集合 B outerKeySelector : 使用委派將 outer 成員的屬性作為 Key1 innerKeySelector : 使用委派將 inner 成員的屬性作為 Key2 resultSelector : 使用委派將 Key1 == Key2 的 outer 成員 & inner 成員 , 轉換成特定結果. comparer : 比較 Key1 跟 Key2 是否相等的比較器 #### Join 的執行邏輯 1. 依序走訪 inner 所有成員(TInner) , 傳給 innerKeySelecor 產生 TKey , 然後存到一個 Lookup 中. 2. 依序走訪 outer 所有成員(TOuter) , 傳給 outerKeySelector 產生 TKey , 到步驟 1 產生的 Lookup 查詢是否有相同的 TKey. 不符合就重複步驟 2 (繼續走訪 outer 中下一個 TOuter 成員) , 符合就進行步驟 3. 3. 將 TOuter 和 Key 相等的 TInner 作為參數 , 傳給 resultSelector , 轉成 TResult , 回傳給正在走訪的 IEnumerable<TResult> 中. ### Join 的用法 ```C# class Person { public string Name { get; set; } } class Pet { public string Name { get; set; } public Person Owner { get; set; } } static void Main(string[] args) { var people = new List<Person> { new Person { Name = "王大明" }, new Person { Name = "蔡阿高" }, new Person { Name = "黃飛龍" } }; var pets = new List<Pet> { new Pet { Name = "小白", Owner = people[1] }, new Pet { Name = "小黑", Owner = people[1] }, new Pet { Name = "小藍", Owner = people[2] }, new Pet { Name = "小綠", Owner = people[0] } }; var query = people.Join( pets, person => person.Name, pet => pet.Owner.Name, (person, pet) => new { OwnerName = person.Name, Pet = pet.Name } ).ToList(); query.ForEach(obj => Console.WriteLine($"{obj.OwnerName} {obj.Pet}")); Console.WriteLine("@@@@@@@@@@@@@"); var sqlLikeQuery = (from person in people join pet in pets on person.Name equals pet.Owner.Name select new { OwnerName = person.Name, Pet = pet.Name } ).ToList(); sqlLikeQuery.ForEach(obj => Console.WriteLine($"{obj.OwnerName} {obj.Pet}")); Console.ReadKey(); } ``` ##### 輸出結果 王大明 小綠 蔡阿高 小白 蔡阿高 小黑 黃飛龍 小藍 @@@@@@@@@@@@@ 王大明 小綠 蔡阿高 小白 蔡阿高 小黑 黃飛龍 小藍 ### 簡單實作自己的 Join ```C# public static IEnumerable<TResult> Join<TOuter, TInner, TKey, TResult>(this IEnumerable<TOuter> outer, IEnumerable<TInner> inner, Func<TOuter, TKey> outerKeySelector, Func<TInner, TKey> innerKeySelector, Func<TOuter, TInner, TResult> resultSelector, IEqualityComparer<TKey> comparer = null) { if (outer is null || inner is null || outerKeySelector is null || innerKeySelector is null || resultSelector is null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("null"); } return JoinIterator(outer, inner, outerKeySelector, innerKeySelector, resultSelector, comparer); } private static IEnumerable<TResult> JoinIterator<TOuter, TInner, TKey, TResult>(IEnumerable<TOuter> outer, IEnumerable<TInner> inner, Func<TOuter, TKey> outerKeySelector, Func<TInner, TKey> innerKeySelector, Func<TOuter, TInner, TResult> resultSelector, IEqualityComparer<TKey> comparer) { Lookup<TKey, TInner> lookup = Lookup<TKey, TInner>.CreateForJoin(inner, innerKeySelector, comparer); foreach (TOuter item in outer) { Lookup<TKey, TInner>.Grouping g = lookup.GetGrouping(outerKeySelector(item), false); if (g != null) { foreach (var groupItem in g) { yield return resultSelector(item, groupItem); } } } } ``` ### Summary - Join 具備延遲執行的特性 - 輸出資料的排序是先看 outer 的順序再看 inner 的順序 - 若沒有傳入客製比較器 , 則使用 Default 的比較器 - Join 是擴充 IEnumerable<TOuter> , 但是回傳值是 IEnumerable<TResult> , 代表輸出序列型別和輸入序列型別可以不相同 - outer、inner、outerKeySelector、innerKeySelector 或 resultSelector 為 null 時 , 執行期間會發生 ArgumentNullException 例外 - 兩個序列 Join 時,是利用 KeySelector 所取出的 TKey 做相等比較,第一個多載方法用 TKey 型別預設比較子,第二個多載方法則使用自訂的相等比較子 - Join 後的輸出序列中的項目 , 其原本 Join 前 , 分別在 outerKeySelector 和 innerKeySelector 取出之 TKey 值必定相等. ### 補充寫法 ```C# public static IEnumerable<TResult> MyJoin<TOuter, TInner, TKey, TResult>( this IEnumerable<TOuter> outer, IEnumerable<TInner> inner, Func<TOuter, TKey> outerKeySelector, Func<TInner, TKey> innerKeySelector, Func<TOuter, TInner, TResult> resultSelector) { return MyJoin(outer, inner, outerKeySelector, innerKeySelector, resultSelector, EqualityComparer<TKey>.Default); } public static IEnumerable<TResult> MyJoin<TOuter, TInner, TKey, TResult>( this IEnumerable<TOuter> outer, IEnumerable<TInner> inner, Func<TOuter, TKey> outerKeySelector, Func<TInner, TKey> innerKeySelector, Func<TOuter, TInner, TResult> resultSelector, IEqualityComparer<TKey> comparer) { foreach (var outerItem in outer) { foreach (var innerItem in inner) { if (comparer.Equals(outerKeySelector(outerItem), innerKeySelector(innerItem))) { yield return resultSelector(outerItem, innerItem); } } } } ``` ### 參考資料 [EqualityComparer<T>.Default 屬性](https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-tw/dotnet/api/system.collections.generic.equalitycomparer-1.default?view=netframework-4.8) [Join.cs](https://github.com/dotnet/corefx/blob/master/src/System.Linq/src/System/Linq/Join.cs) --- ### Thank you! You can find me on - [GitHub](https://github.com/s0920832252) - [Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/fourtune.chen) 若有謬誤 , 煩請告知 , 新手發帖請多包涵 # :100: :muscle: :tada: :sheep:

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