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    # 標準化之運動數據 ## 為何要做標準化運動數據 市面上有很多紀錄運動數據的APP,產生的規格不一致,導致後續整合數據相當的困難。使用標準化運動數據有助於促進個性化健康管理、支持臨床決策與推動數據共享與研究。近期美國提出標準化運動紀錄建構指引:FHIR Physical Activity(PA) Implementation Guide(IG)。 指引中包含評估(Assessment)、計劃(Planning)、醫囑/轉介(Order/Referal)、運動介入過程及監測(Engagement/monitorig)、運動紀錄及身體狀況報告(Reporting) 等資訊之互通標準規格,本文採用FHIR Observation Resource來記錄標準化數據 ## 什麼是FHIR Observation Resource FHIR(Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources)是一種用於醫療信息互通的標準,而 Observation Resource是 FHIR 中的重要組件之一。Observation 主要用於描述和記錄觀察到的數據或測量結果,包括生理指標、實驗室結果、影像學報告與運動數據等。 ## 應用情境 運動場域人員幫運動者建立基本資料,建立完畢後,發放QRCode(儲存運動者的Patient ID),每次運動完畢後,掃描QRCODE,系統將運用者資料與運動紀錄上傳於PHR;醫護人員可以使用醫院的系統查詢病人每次的運動紀錄 ## 系統流程 ![運動中心-第 2 页.drawio](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Sk_2qNjbJe.png) ### 1. 建立運動者資料 需在PHR建立一筆運動者的資料,PHR會回傳一組唯一碼(Patient ID),需記錄這組ID(第二步驟需要關聯) 1. 輸入病人基本資料,因涉及隱私問題,可以不輸入資料 2. 產生Patient Resource 3. PHR回傳Patient ID 4. 將Patient ID製作成QRCODE做顯示,並且給運動者 #### Patient Resource規格說明與範例 建立小明的PHR資料,JSON範例如下 ```json= { "resourceType": "Patient", "name": [ { "use": "usual", "text": "小明" } ] } ``` ##### 欄位說明: * resourceType: Patient 描述: 這個資源是用來描述病人的。 * name: 描述: 這個欄位用來描述病人的姓名。這是一個陣列,可以包含多個姓名的記錄。在這個例子中,陣列中包含一個姓名記錄: * use: usual 描述: 通常使用的名字 * text: 描述: 病人的暱稱。 ### 2. 上傳運動紀錄 1. 運動者掃描QRCODE,讀取運動者的Patient ID 3. 選擇運動項目 4. 填入運動時間(系統自動填入當下時間)、量測數據(從感測器來)、數據單位(選擇的運動項目來) 5. 產生Observation Resource #### Observation Resource規格說明與範例 上傳小明卡路里的紀錄 ```json= { "resourceType" : "Observation", "status" : "final", "category" : [ { "coding" : [ { "system" : "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category", "code" : "activity" } ] }, { "coding" : [ { "system" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/physical-activity/CodeSystem/pa-temporary-codes", "code" : "PhysicalActivity" } ] } ], "code" : { "coding" : [ { "system" : "http://loinc.org", "code" : "55424-6", "display" : "Calories burned in unspecified time Pedometer" } ] }, "subject" : { "reference" : "Patient/ID", "display" : "Example Patient" }, "effectiveDateTime" : "2022-06-08", "valueQuantity" : { "value" : 738, "unit" : "kilocalories", "system" : "http://unitsofmeasure.org", "code" : "kcal" } } ``` ##### 欄位說明 * resourceType: Observation 描述:這是一個紀錄運動數據的資源。 * status: 描述:觀察結果的狀態,這表示Observation結果是否完成或在處理中,例如:"final"(最終)、"amended"(已修訂)、"cancelled"(已取消)等。 * category: 描述:用來標識Observation的性質,固定值不變 * system : Observation類別的標準系統URL * code: "activity":活動 "PhysicalActivity":物理活動相關 * code: 描述:Observation的標準化代碼。這通常使用LONIC、SNOMED CT等系統的代碼來表示觀察的測試或結果類型 * system : 代碼系統的URL * code : 參照LOINC標準中的Code * display : LOINC代碼的顯示名稱 * subject: 描述:紀錄病人的資訊 * reference: 關聯到Patient ID(步驟一得到) * display: 病人的名稱,如:小名、全名或可以不用輸入 * effectiveDateTime: 描述:記錄的時間 * valueQuantity: 描述:紀錄數值與單位 * value: 數值 * unit: 數值的單位,這裡是千卡路里(kcal) * system:標識了使用的單位系統 * code:單位的代碼 ##### 備註: 1. 每次產生運動紀錄時,運動者資料(subject)、運動紀錄時間(effectiveDateTime)、量測數據(valueQuantity.value)會做改變 2. 活動量測項目目前參考LONIC CODE編碼規則,會因為運動者當下要記錄的活動項目做改變,以下整理出最常見的幾項項目的LONIC、單位與範例 | 活動量測 | LONIC | 單位| 單位代碼| 範例 | | ------------ | ------- | --------------------------- | -----------------------------------| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | 卡路里 | 55424-6 | kilocalories| kcal | [紀錄消耗738卡路里](https://hackmd.io/4vUV8y3xRniflav9Rtx7tw?view) | | 持續時間 | 55411-3 | minutes| min | [紀錄持續時間運動45分鐘](https://hackmd.io/7Yb2nF3XSw-JpAFKfMToHQ?view) | | 平均心率 | 55425-3 | beats per minute | min | [紀錄心臟每分鐘平均跳動150次](https://hackmd.io/SXjwzCbBQmS8uwww9CwLow?view) | | 適當分鐘 | 77592-4 | minutes | min | [紀錄10鐘適當運動](https://hackmd.io/QllufaUESXGpQfrDq4d9Fw?view) | | 峰值心率 | 55426-1 | beats per minute | min | [紀錄心臟最高每分鐘跳動178次](https://hackmd.io/IsOzQddhT3GjwLz40vSINg?view) | | 跑步 | 73985-4 | Running| | [紀錄運動項目為跑步](https://hackmd.io/oli9mWI_QnumRXBWjNy9iQ?view) | | 劇烈分鐘 | 77593-2 | minutes | min | [紀錄35分鐘劇烈運動](https://hackmd.io/fn6NbYtaROeUuiKMV-aNJg?view) | | 平均休息心率 | 40443-4 | beats per minute|min | [紀錄2022/06/01-2022/06/08每分鐘的平均心率](https://hackmd.io/ZBypXIQlSVeULhWAkbtEzg?view) | |每天消耗的卡路里|41979-6 |kilokalories per day |kcal/d |[紀錄每天消耗的卡路里](https://hackmd.io/rw5HJvhTTau8huHmSOv1hQ?view) | |每天散步 |41950-7| steps per day|/d | [紀錄每天的步數](https://hackmd.io/4pJ92nNkTuCDi49wMP-_Ew?view) | |高峰時期的心律 | 8873-2 | beats per minute| min | [紀錄一天中最高的心率](https://hackmd.io/K2eNOH93QFSBRiHqpCjdoQ?view) | ### 3.調閱運動紀錄 醫院端可以依據以下情境做查詢 1. 運動人員做調閱 2. 運動時間做調閱 3. 活動項目 ## 實作重點 1. 介面設計,可以輸入運動者基本資料,生成Patient Resource JSON,使用RESTful API的方式與FHIR Server做對接,上傳Patient Resource JSON,此時FHIR Server會傳回對應的Patient ID 2. 儲存運動者的Patient ID,例如:產生QRCODE、存放在資料庫、存放NFC 3. 介面設計,可以選擇已經註冊過的運動者(從第二步驟得到),選擇運動項目,例如:選擇跑步,此時系統就會讓運動者輸入數值且自動產生對應的單位,運動時間、平均運動心律、峰值活動心律、中等體力活動分鐘數、卡路里、體驗程度、距離、速度、步數。運動者輸入完後,生成Observation Resource JSON,使用RESTful API的方式與FHIR Server做對接,上傳Observation Resource JSON 4. 介面設計,醫院端可以查詢運動紀錄

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