柚桑的 Blender 3D 問答紀錄
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    {%hackmd BkVfcTxlQ %} # Blender介面知識與操作 ## 承襲2.7x萬法歸一的介面 - Blender在2.7X 的時候,整個介面包含軟體,全部都是由一個視窗改變而來,所有的功能都是靠切換出來的,他的概念很簡單就是分割畫面選定功能,到了2.8X 因為有些全區域的功能,比如版面的Layout,所以呢blender整個軟體出現了一個框架(圖三 紅框部分),不過操作介面還是和2.7X的概念一樣,都是由一個介面變換出來的。 - ![](https://i.imgur.com/5m1jFf4.png) (圖一)此圖左右兩個都是 blender 2.79b 只是畫面分割的不同 ,右邊是完全無分割的樣貌。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/cYRmuwx.png) (圖二)此圖左右兩個都是 blender 2.92 只是畫面分割的不同,右邊是完全無分割的樣貌。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/Wv1qhZs.png) (圖三)此圖左為 2.92 右為 2.79b,兩者都是完全無分割的樣貌,但2.92 多了紅框框全域功能的區域。 ## 切分視窗 ![](https://i.imgur.com/TndflZG.png) - 切分視窗也可以說是切割視窗,上面這張圖總共分割了6個區域,不要懷疑喔最下面深藍色也是一個區域,更誇張的是可以小到非常小請看(圖四), blender 每一個切割的視窗,相較其他軟體,可以調整的自由度可以說是非常的高。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/PaAMiCc.png) (圖四)依照實際丈量,最小的切分視窗尺寸為 27px X 19px - 切分的方式也很簡單,滑鼠靠近任意切分視窗的四個角落,滑鼠遊標會變成 "十字狀"(圖五),這時候拖曳就可以切分出新的視窗來;分得開也要合得回去,合併的話呢? 同樣的在視窗的四個角落當滑鼠變成十字狀,往合併的方向拖曳, 就可以合併了。 Blender 很貼心相同的功能,有時候會有兩種以上的操作方式,而另一種操作是在任意兩個 分割視窗的中間按右鍵 也可以出現功能面板來合併以及切分視窗,使用後會有虛線提示要分割在哪邊,點擊後就會確認切割。(圖六) ![](https://i.imgur.com/miZ8Lnl.png) (圖五)游標變成十字狀 <center> <span class="imgTXT">![](https://i.imgur.com/0wfJQKF.png) (圖六)使用滑鼠右鍵分割視窗</span> </center> ![](https://i.imgur.com/BdJGrbD.png) (圖七)使用滑鼠右鍵分割視窗 ## 簡述Blender各功能 - 這邊很想把 Blender 的功能介面,都給認真介紹一次但真要全部仔細說完只怕篇幅不夠,所以用簡單的說明來介紹,其實依照中文,大概也可以知道開工能為何,這些功能介面其實也就是 Blender可以做些什麼事,其內容真的是包羅萬象。 (甚至可以剪輯影片^^) 首先每個分割視窗中最左上的功能按鈕,就是切換個功能的途徑 <center> ![](https://i.imgur.com/aZ4p679.png) <span class="imgTXT">(圖八)包含設定也都可以算是一個功能介面呢!</span> </center> - 通用類 : <span class="smalTXT">★ 號表示常用</span> 1. ★ 3D 視接口 : &emsp;可以說是最常用的介面,許多工作與編輯都需要這個視窗來完成。 1. 影像編輯器 : &emsp;繪製貼圖時,取代 photoshop 來著色的好幫手。 1. ★ UV 編輯器 : &emsp;拆解 UV mapping 不可或缺的功能介面。 1. 合成器 : &emsp;可針對算圖結果後製調色,簡易的VFX合成。 1. 紋理節點編輯器 : &emsp;節點式編輯筆刷類紋理的介面。 1. Geometry Node Editor : &emsp;2.92 新功能,節點式程序化幾何編輯系統。 1. ★ 著色器編輯器 : &emsp;材質節點編輯介面 1. 視訊序段編輯器 : &emsp;簡易的影片軌道剪輯功能。 1. 影片剪輯編輯器 : &emsp;追蹤、遮罩編輯系統VFX不可或缺的功能。 - 動畫類 : 1. 律表 : &emsp;編輯動畫時提供了場景內關鍵幀的分布全貌。 1. ★ 時間軸 : &emsp;也是最常用的介面之一,最基礎的控制影格動畫介面。 1. 圖表編輯器 : &emsp;需要把動畫調順一定要會看以及編輯運動的曲線表。 1. 驅動器 : &emsp;驅動器可以連動物體數值。 1. 非線性動畫 : &emsp;可以輕鬆的調整連接設定好的動做。 - 程式語法類 : 1. 文字編輯器 : &emsp;Python 為主的程式語法編輯器。 1. Python 主控臺 : &emsp;Python IDLE 整合開發環境,可以方便地建立、執行、測試和除錯Python程式。 1. 資訊 : &emsp;Blender內發生的一切資訊紀錄,除錯的好朋友。 - 資訊類 : 1. ★ 大綱管理器 : 整個場景的文字化條列介面,製作時可以有效掌握檔案內容的全貌。 1. ★ 屬性 : 所有物件數值的調整,包含整個場景的基礎設定,以及算圖引擎的切換。 1. 檔案瀏覽器 : 可以瀏覽,篩選所需要的資源。 1. 偏好設定 : 整個軟體的操控及細節設定。 ## 介面排版 - 界面佈局這個東西沒有對錯只有習不習慣、 Blender 的介面設計是非常靈活的,目的是希望符合所有人的,所以在自定義的部分非常自由,不像商業軟體的框架定得非常的死。 因為3D的工作 不像一般傳統的平面或2D繪畫這麼樣的單純,需要同時用到很多不同的介面,比方拆UV mapping或者是畫貼圖,上材質、烘焙(bake)、編輯動作動畫、算圖...等,這一些工作,都不是單一介面可以完成的,常常需要功能介面相互配合,所以與其讓軟體幫你定好介面,倒不如自己來安排,當然自己安排也是有缺點,就是會非常多"我流"跑出來,不過一旦這個"我流"順暢了,工作效率就會大大的提升。 - 在2.8X改版之際,開發團隊就把這個介面佈局的概念給製作的出來了,並且也訂製了一些常用的介面組合給需要的用戶來使用。(圖九) ![](https://i.imgur.com/ktobBjq.png) (圖九)在最上面的頁切中可以增加一個預設的介面組合 - 當然也可以用本文面介紹的方式,切割自己喜歡的版面組合,下方有簡單的建立流程範例 : 1. 先在上方增加或複製一個標籤(圖九) 1. 雙擊將其標籤改變排版名稱 (圖十一說明) 1. 切割(新增)或是合併(減少)工作版面,並適度調整 1. 把每個工作區塊換成適當的功能版 ![](https://i.imgur.com/kiVRMPn.png) (圖十)在最上面的頁切中按右鍵可以編輯順序 ![](https://i.imgur.com/SfGuROK.png) (圖十一)雙擊標籤可以更改標籤名稱 ![](https://i.imgur.com/ZtoAVyt.png) (圖十二)畫面上方,筆者自定義許多工作組合,並且改為中文標籤,讓自己更加清楚。 ## 介面的自由縮放 - 話說當年 4K螢幕上市,其實在軟體界有些災情,就是解析度一大,軟體的介面及圖示都縮小到令人不易的狀況,好幾個 MAX 的朋友相繼出狀況,唯獨 blender 的 User 沒有太多的問題反映,因為在軟體的介面可以直接縮放大小。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/J2jvaQ5.png) (圖十三)在偏好設定中 > 介面 > Resolution Scale 可以設定軟體介面尺寸 ![](https://i.imgur.com/ujGUKEx.png) (圖十四)Resolution Scale 設定 2 的樣子 ![](https://i.imgur.com/FMr0wvR.png) (圖十五)Resolution Scale 設定 1 的樣子 - 在改版成2.8x時 blender有把圖示都給向量化,所以我們在介面上面的顏色包含圖示都可以換顏色,可以說是相當的自由,每天都要花相當多的時間看這軟體介面,那何不調一個自己最喜歡最舒服的顏色呢?並且有時候可以利用調整介面顏色來達到一些特殊的工作需求。 - 在偏好設定中 > 主題(圖十六-1) 可以更換界面顏色主題(圖十六-2),裡面會有blender預設的一些主題,當然想要自己動手更改更細節的顏色也是可以的,下圖綠色框框裡的圖示,和我們上面介紹的介面功能面板圖示是不是很像呢,其實每一個介面功能就是一個項目頁切,這些頁切展開後都可以做顏色調整。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/7ldmois.png) <span class="imgTXT">(圖十六) 標示1.在偏好設定中 > 主題 可以更換界面顏色主題 標示2.下拉選單中有套裝好的主題 標示3.每個項目可以再展開來調整 </span> ![](https://i.imgur.com/0iu98wo.png) <span class="imgTXT">(圖十七)主題樣式切換</span> ## 記得存下來 ~ - 把介面排版完成,大小設定好,就可以配合上一篇儲存初始設定,每次開啟軟體都可以清楚的工作,並將設定檔備份下來,這樣就可以走到哪,都可以使用自己最順手的Blender設定,大大提升工作效率。 文章傳送門 >> [儲存設定檔](/ADbR37BSTmmcIEo_7VXckw) <style> .smalTXT { color: #5E748A; font-size:0.2em; } .imgTXT { color: #9e9e9e; font-size:0.8em; } </style>

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