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[![](https://img.shields.io/badge/blog-heidi-yellowgreen)](https://heidiliu2020.github.io/docusaurus-react-blog/) [![hackmd-github-sync-badge](https://hackmd.io/xM0LI_7bSdSf8wGNiAbqcQ/badge)](https://hackmd.io/xM0LI_7bSdSf8wGNiAbqcQ) ###### tags: `Docusaurus` `React` `blog` # 【學習筆記】如何使用 Docusaurus & React 快速架設靜態網站 ![](https://i.imgur.com/7UpoFaC.jpg) [TOC] ## 前言 這是繼 HackMD 和 Hexo 之後,找到的下一個據點,打從第一眼看到 docs 版面配置,就在心底讚嘆:「這不就是我一直想做的功能嗎!」 能夠快速把過去所學的知識打包起來,並以有效率的方式整理,適用於內容驅動型的網站,並且內建支援夜間模式轉換功能。此外,使用的還是快被自己遺忘 React.js 語法,簡直一石多鳥,相見恨晚。 於是乎,這篇筆記就誕生了。 主要會介紹如何使用 Docusaurus 搭配 React 快速架設個人網站。文章可分為下列幾個部分: + 前言 + 什麼是 Docusaurus? + 為什麼選擇 Docusaurus? + 環境建置 + 專案架構 + Docusaurus 設定檔 + 建立模板頁面 + 支援 TypeScript 語法 ## 什麼是 Docusaurus? ![](https://i.imgur.com/BNVL8zg.png) > Document(文件)+ saurus(恐龍)= Docusaurus > 一直覺得這名字很難記,透過拆字希望能幫助記憶:3 [Docusaurus](https://docusaurus.io/docs) 是由 [Facebook 推出](https://opensource.fb.com/)的開源靜態網站生成工具,以 React 技術構建,提供快速建置以文檔內容為核心的網站。 ### 為什麼選擇 Docusaurus? ![](https://i.imgur.com/UuV6bh4.png) 開頭有提到 Docusaurus 幾項特點,再參照官網說明後整理如下: + 支援 Markdown 擴充格式 [MDX](https://mdxjs.com/) + 可在文檔中編寫 [JSX](https://zh-hant.reactjs.org/docs/introducing-jsx.html) 語法,並渲染為 React 的 component + 支援 i18n,可使用 [Crowdin](https://crowdin.com/) 將文檔翻譯成 70 多種語言 + 文檔版本控制 + [algolia](https://www.algolia.com/) 搜索功能 + 實際應用範例:[Create React App](https://create-react-app.dev/)、[React Native](https://reactnative.dev/)、[Gulp](https://gulpjs.com/) 等,更多可參考[官網列表](https://docusaurus.io/zh-CN/showcase) ## 環境建置 > 詳細教學可參考[官網連結](https://tutorial.docusaurus.io/docs/intro)。 步驟如下: 1. 初始化專案 ``` $ npx @docusaurus/init@latest init my-website classic $ npx docusaurus --version ``` 2. 切換路徑至剛才建立好的專案底下 ``` $ cd my-blog ``` 3. 運行專案 ``` $ npm run start ``` 4. 即可在 `http://localhost:3000/` 看到專案預設頁面如下,自動建立了首頁和 Tutorial、Blog 兩個文檔頁面: ![](https://i.imgur.com/4Ypjr15.png) 5. 在部署前,需將網站資料打包到 `/build` 資料夾中,即可在 GitHub 等平台部署靜態網頁 ``` $ npm run build ``` ## 專案架構 以下是官網提供的範例架構: ``` my-website // 根目錄 ├── blog // 部落格文章 │ ├── 2019-05-28-hola.md │ ├── 2019-05-29-hello-world.md │ └── 2020-05-30-welcome.md ├── docs // 文檔 │ ├── doc1.md │ ├── doc2.md │ ├── doc3.md │ └── mdx.md ├── src │ ├── css // 樣式管理 │ │ └── custom.css │ └── pages // 頁面管理 │ ├── styles.module.css │ └── index.js ├── static // 放置靜態檔案 │ └── img ├── docusaurus.config.js // 專案配置 ├── package.json ├── README.md ├── sidebars.js // docs 側邊欄配置 └── yarn.lock ``` + blog + 預設名稱:blog-examples-from-docusaurus) + 路由:`/blog` + 存放 blog markdown 檔,也就是部落格文章 + 文檔名稱需符合 `yyyy-mm-dd-file-name.md` + docs + 預設名稱:docs-examples-from-docusaurus + 路由:`/docs` + 存放 markdown 文檔 + src + css + custom.css 用來自定義樣式 + pages + 預設的 index.js 包含 Home Component + 可用來新增頁面和對應路由,參考[官網教學](https://docusaurus.io/docs/creating-pages) + static + 存放靜態資源,例如圖片檔 + docusaurus.config.js + 網站配置設定檔 + 等同於 Docusaurus v1 中的 siteConfig.js 檔 + sidebars.js + 自定義 docs 側邊欄 接著開啟剛才建置完成的專案目錄,docs 資料夾內的文檔對應頁面如下: ![](https://i.imgur.com/Rkpmx9z.png) ### Docusaurus 網站相關配置 其中 [docusaurus.config.js](https://docusaurus.io/docs/docusaurus.config.js) 這個檔案,主要用來設定框架配置: #### Required fields 必要配置 + 網站名稱、連結、根目錄 ```javascript= module.exports = { title: 'Docusaurus', url: 'https://docusaurus.io', baseUrl: '/', }; ``` #### Optional fields 自選配置 + 網站圖示、網站標語 ```javascript= module.exports = { favicon: '/img/favicon.ico', tagline: 'Docusaurus makes it easy to maintain Open Source documentation websites.', }; ``` + i18n 多國語系 ```javascript= module.exports = { i18n: { defaultLocale: 'zh-TW', // 預設語系 locales: ['en', 'zh-TW'], // 語系配置 localeConfigs: { en: { label: 'English', direction: 'ltr', // 閱讀方向為左到右 }, 'zh-TW': { label: '繁體中文(台灣)', direction: 'ltr', }, }, }, }; ``` + GitHub 用戶、專案、主機名稱,用於專案部署 ```javascript= module.exports = { // Docusaurus' organization is facebook organizationName: 'facebook', projectName: 'docusaurus', githubHost: 'github.com', }; ``` + 自定義主題外觀:例如 navbar、footer ```javascript= module.exports = { themeConfig: { // 自定義主題配置 hideableSidebar: false, // 側邊欄可否收起展開 colorMode: { // 深淺色配置 defaultMode: 'light', disableSwitch: false, respectPrefersColorScheme: true, switchConfig: { darkIcon: '🌙', lightIcon: '\u2600', // React inline style object // see https://reactjs.org/docs/dom-elements.html#style darkIconStyle: { marginLeft: '2px', }, lightIconStyle: { marginLeft: '1px', }, }, }, navbar: { // 導覽列 title: 'Site Title', // 網站標題 logo: { alt: 'Site Logo', src: 'img/logo.svg', }, items: [ // 導覽列 => docs, blog...等 { to: 'docs/docusaurus.config.js', activeBasePath: 'docs', label: 'docusaurus.config.js', position: 'left', }, // ... other links ], }, footer: { // 底部區塊配置 style: 'dark', links: [ { title: 'Docs', items: [ { label: 'Docs', to: 'docs/doc1', }, ], }, // ... other links ], logo: { alt: 'Facebook Open Source Logo', src: 'https://docusaurus.io/img/oss_logo.png', }, copyright: `Copyright © ${new Date().getFullYear()} Facebook, Inc.`, // You can also put own HTML here }, }, }; ``` + plugins 插件 ```javascript= module.exports = { plugins: [], }; ``` + themes 主題 ```javascript= module.exports = { themes: [ // 互動式程式碼編輯器 require.resolve('@docusaurus/theme-live-codeblock'), // 搜尋功能 require.resolve('@docusaurus/theme-search-algolia'), // 程式碼高亮顯示 require.resolve('@docusaurus/theme-classic'), ], }; ``` + customFields:因 Docusaurus 不允許 `docusaurus.config.js` 檔案中存在未知欄位,可在此區塊自定義欄位 ```javascript= module.exports = { customFields: { admin: 'endi', superman: 'lol', }, }; ``` + scripts:`<script>` 經過編譯後會插入 HTML 的 `<head>` ```javascript= module.exports = { scripts: [ // String format. 'https://docusaurus.io/script.js', // Object format. { src: 'https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/clipboard.js/2.0.0/clipboard.min.js', async: true, // 是否同步 }, ], }; ``` ### 建立模板頁面 ![](https://i.imgur.com/7vcwgeU.png) ``` --- id: intro title: 啦啦啦 --- 這是我的 *新文件内容 ``` markdown 內容 將你的文檔以 .md 文件的形式添加到 /docs 文件夾中,並確保每個文件都有正確的 header 最簡單的標題如下 id 是連結名稱,例如 docs/intro.html title 是瀏覽器頁面的標題 ### 支援 TypeScript 語法 + 在初始化專案的語法最後,加上 `--typescript`: ``` npx @docusaurus/init@latest init my-website classic --typescript ``` + 接著安裝 typescript 需要的相關套件: ``` npm install --save-dev typescript @docusaurus/module-type-aliases @types/react @types/react-router-dom @types/react-helmet @tsconfig/docusaurus ``` + 在位於根目錄的 tsconfig.json 檔案中,新增以下內容: ```typescript= { "extends": "@tsconfig/docusaurus/tsconfig.json", "include": ["src/"] } ``` ## 部署 > 詳細可參考[官網教學](https://docusaurus.io/zh-CN/docs/deployment#deploying-to-github-pages)。 過去在部署 Hexo Blog 時,就曾寫過關於[如何將專案部署到 GitHub](https://hackmd.io/@Heidi-Liu/note-hexo-github#%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%E5%88%B0-GitHub) 的筆記,這次嘗試在 Vercel 或 Netlify 平台進行部署,以及透過設定 DNS 紀錄,達成自動轉址功能,搜尋相關設定網路上其實也有不少大神分享,因此就不再作贅述。 最後,這是架設好的 [docusaurus2 個人網站](https://heidiliu-wiki.netlify.app/),沒想到很久前一直卡關的 DNS 設定,這次竟然蠻順利就達成目的了!之後會陸續把過去寫的學習筆記整理過,再彙整到小恐龍上,期許自己能夠循序漸進,每天都比昨天的自己更進步一些。 ## 參考資料 + [Docusaurus 2 介紹與使用](https://eddychang.me/docusaurus-v2-intro) + [10 大靜態網站生成工具](https://www.gushiciku.cn/pl/p3Dp/zh-tw) + [基于 React 的 CMS 框架对比:Docusaurus vs. Gatsby](https://charlesfeng.cn/gatsby-vs-docusaurus/) + [Docusaurus 配置 GitHub Action 自动发布](https://blog.alanwei.com/blog/2021/03/21/docusaurus-github-deploy/) + [[部落格改版學DevOps][08]netlify 超佛心的靜態網站hosting服務 - 不只做hosting還有更多](https://blog.alantsai.net/posts/2018/07/migrate-blog-to-ssg-demo-devops-8-netlify-free-static-site-hosting-service#WizKMOutline_1530449275854491)

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