Úi Him Khu
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    <style> .blue { color: blue; } .red { color: red; } .center { margin: auto; width: 60%; border: 0px; padding: 10px; } .falign { text-align: center; } a:hover{ color: #FFB121 !important; text-decoration: none !important; } </style> [TOC] # 漢字與羅馬字拼寫比較 * 台語的文字書寫紀錄至少可以追朔到十九世紀末期。 * 同一個語系的戲劇劇本如《荔鏡記》《金花女》《蘇六娘》《同窗琴書記》都是至少在大明帝國時期就已經流傳在廣東的潮州到福建南方的戲劇。 * 對台灣影響較大的為《荔鏡記》和《同窗琴書記》,前者演變為歌仔戲四大齣之一的陳三五娘,後者則為家喻戶曉的三伯英台。 * 最早的台語書寫紀錄是以與日文或中文相同的漢字作為表記符號。 * **歌仔冊**是用漢字寫成的台語韻文,是唸謠說書人的故事文本。 * **臺灣府城教會報**是用羅馬字拼寫、印刷以及出版的報紙。 * 這種早期的羅馬字拼寫,正式名稱是**白話字**。 * 十九世紀,白話字隨著傳教士進入台灣。 * 《臺灣府城教會報》於1885年印刷出版,是台灣第一份報紙。 * 漢字與羅馬字拼寫是兩種各自平行發展的台語書寫。 ## 漢字書寫台語的缺點 * 考察早期以漢字書寫的戲劇劇本,以及台灣的歌仔冊,我們發現台語中的漢字分為以下幾類: * 本字: * 即在語言演化過程中,與官話(明:南京話,今:北京話)有共同遠祖的*字*。 * 借音字: * 採用發音相同或相近的*字*來書寫口語音節。 * 比如歌仔冊中的一句:<span class="blue">來者共恁恰怎座</span>,這句話中的者、恰、怎座,都屬借音字。(點按下圖,聽聽這句話怎麼唸,跟你想的一不一樣 :smirk:) <div class="center"><iframe width="100%" height="170" src="https://clyp.it/au0xh0je/widget" frameborder="0"></iframe></div> * 借意字: * 所謂借意字,就是採用該漢字在官話中的意義,而不去管它的發音是否與台語相近。 * 比如收錄在*台灣間文學集*裡面的台灣民間歌謠中有一句是這樣寫的:<span class="blue">飼查某子不可嫁燕霧大庄</span>,這句話裡面的子、不可,都是借意字。(點按下圖,聽聽這句話怎麼唸,跟你想的一不一樣 :smirk:) <div class="center"><iframe width="100%" height="170" src="https://clyp.it/pwinzw2z/widget" frameborder="0"></iframe></div> * 新造字: * 新造字是指僅適用於台語而依據漢字造字法製造出來的*字*,比如 ![](https://i.imgur.com/YTd3ZVY.jpg =8%x) 這個字(無論使用倉頡或者注音這些為官話設計的輸入法都無法打出這個字)。 * 由於台語的書寫教育並未普及,加上各家幾乎都有自己選擇漢字書寫台語的標準(以至於台語漢字的使用混亂不一),更因為必須要新造大量漢字才能完整的表達台語,導致漢字書寫從古至今一直都未能滿足台語書面文的需求。 * 由於台灣民間的壓力,中華民國教育部在2006年的時候公佈了***台灣台語羅馬字拼音方案***(以下簡稱台羅),並在隨後的幾年陸續公告了書寫台語的***推薦漢字***。 ## 台羅與白話字的比較 * 從歷史和資源兩方面比較,這兩套書寫系統有如下主要差異: * 白話字的書寫歷史可追朔至十九世紀末,而台羅是2006年才誕生。 * 白話字的使用者一直都是民間社群,而台羅具有官方色彩並且有官方資源支持。 * 這兩套書寫系統在設計上有幾處差異。然而,學習者很容易克服其中的實際差異。下圖將其中的拼寫差異標示出來(無差異者不另外標出):(初學者請跳過此處的比較) ![](https://i.imgur.com/Ba9077a.png) ## 漢字與羅馬字合寫 * 使用百分之百的漢字做為台語的文字,直到今天仍然存在著無法完全克服的問題。 * 相反的,完全使用羅馬字做為台語的文字,問題相對小,並且除了有白話字台語報紙之外,用白話字來寫書者,也不乏其人。 * [四本台語白話字醫學書。](https://buzzorange.com/2017/02/03/four-books-preserved-the-mother-language/) * 使用羅馬字(白話字或台羅)來書寫台語會遇到的主要問題是:*當同音字出現時,僅根據發音拼寫不容易分辨*。 * 在以白話字為主印行的教會公報中,為了解決白話字有時不易識讀的問題,其方法是在白話字之後加註漢字。如下圖所示: <div class="center"><img src="https://i.imgur.com/J4UrPHb.png" style="width:100%;"> </div> <div class="falign"><h6>圖為白雲居士1927年發表於《芥菜子》的〈斷腸詩〉部分</h6></div> 日治時代的台灣文學家鄭坤五在1930年的雜誌《南音》上曾表示:「...==從來音字的缺憾,教學先生也不得不擱筆了。所以寫音的字不如**羅馬字**的利便...但來補助卻好,若全用代漢字,我便不贊成==...」 * 台語書寫便逐漸向漢字與羅馬字合寫(漢羅濫)發展。 * 漢羅濫的書寫,一方面克服了漢字難以表達的台語音,另一方面也克服了拼寫的識讀困難。 * 漢羅濫也提供了很好的台語教學途徑: * <span class="red">初學者從羅馬字拼寫入手,可以很快掌握台語的聽跟說。</span> * <span class="red">羅馬字嫻熟之後,再學習常用漢字,更收事半功倍之效。</span> * 底下是一篇漢羅濫的文章,試試看,你能不能順利閱讀呢?:wink: ![](https://i.imgur.com/20wO7NC.png =220%x)

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