蔡宏賢
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    # 工作坊方法學 workshopology [蔡宏賢](https://www.facebook.com/escher.tsai) 2017~2018 ![](https://i.imgur.com/w2FTvdD.png) --- ## **前言** 自2004年起投入科技藝術/新媒體藝術領域的基礎培育工作,累積了一些過去舉辦工作坊的經驗與心得,除了因為經常被重複諮詢類似的問題與工作,也希望透過知識與經驗的分享、交換與傳遞,能夠對工作坊有興趣的人們助益。 將如何舉辦工作坊的方法與常見問題,以及未來開展的可能性做資料整理,分享給有意願舉辦工作坊卻不知如何開始,或對舉辦進階工作坊朋友們,彼此有些交流,我的經驗也許只限於個人的專案與經歷,期待更多朋友的參與回饋與指教,讓這個工作坊的方法學說明更加完備有益。 --- - **工作坊是什麼?** 一、什麼是工作坊? 工作坊不是單純的演講或教學,而是一種: •參與式學習(Participatory Learning) •經驗導向(Experiential Learning) •協作共創(Co-creation / Collaboration) •以問題為導向(Problem-based or Inquiry-based) 工作坊(workshop/[ワークショップ 体験型講座](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%97))的概念比較接近是一個非制式常態性的短期交流課程、知識傳遞、創意激盪、交流討論、共創過程、實驗製作甚至是藝術實踐等,具有各種簡單或複合無限的可能性。基本上工作坊至少會有兩人以上參與,甚至多到數百人,時間不限,從15分鐘到數個月都有可能。 - **舉辦工作坊的方法可以構成方法學嗎?** 以方法學為前提,是因為工作坊的舉辦種類繁多,形式不拘,籌辦方式不同,沒有統一的做法或答案,希望有系統整理彙整出的經驗法則有助於大家籌辦工作坊,這些方法堆疊出基礎共同執行的雛形參考,所以稱之為「**工作坊方法學workshopology**」。 - [workshopology](http://wiki.sgmk-ssam.ch/wiki/Workshopology)ㄧ詞來自於國際生化藝術組織_駭生物([Hackteria](https://www.hackteria.org/))與瑞士機電藝術協會([SGMK](https://www.mechatronicart.ch/), Swiss Mechatroinc Art Society)創辦人馬可(Marc Dusseiller Dusjagr)博士,多年來他舉辦各種工作坊方法學的座談與討論。 --- ## **工作坊的歷史** ⸻ 二、起源與發展 1. 工藝與工匠制度(中世紀~18世紀) • 「Workshop」一詞最早指的是工匠的工作空間。 • 在中世紀歐洲,學徒制(Apprenticeship)透過實作與現場傳授技藝,逐步形成現代「工作坊」的原型。 2. 實驗教育與進步主義教育(19–20世紀初) • 約翰·杜威(John Dewey): • 美國教育家,提倡「做中學(Learning by doing)」。 • 在芝加哥大學創立實驗學校(1896),強調教育應根據生活與實踐,這被視為現代工作坊精神的奠基。 • 20世紀初,實驗劇場、實驗教學、社區教育、心理劇(Psychodrama)等也紛紛加入「工作坊」式互動元素。 3. 行動研究與社會實踐(20世紀中葉) • Kurt Lewin(庫特・勒溫): • 德裔心理學家,行為科學與「行動研究(Action Research)」之父。 • 提倡在社會團體中透過實作改變與反思行動循環,許多社會工作坊方法由此發展。 4. 60年代的反文化與社群實驗 • 歐洲與美國出現大量激進教育、社區劇場、藝術介入社會的實驗。 • 如:Theatre of the Oppressed(受壓迫者劇場) by Augusto Boal,將劇場帶入街頭與社會議題,極具工作坊特質。 - [Joseph Hersey Pratt]![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HJ-_-QGLex.png) 團體心理治療法([group therapy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_psychotherapy))開創者之一,集合結核病患們分享低落情緒。 - [George Pierce Baker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Pierce_Baker)(1866~1935) ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/George_Pierce_Baker_by_Pach_Brothers_c1886.jpg) 體驗型工作坊的雛形源於20世紀初美國哈佛大學的Baker的戲曲創作課程的授課方式。 - [Lawrence Halprin](https://eyesonplace.net/2017/03/01/4896/) (1916~2009) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/By8VxDNfee.png) 景觀建築師,引介社區參與式工作坊的先驅之ㄧ。 延伸參考 [Anna Halprin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Halprin) --- ## 工作坊形式參考 工作坊的形式,百百種! 以過去超維度所舉辦為例。 ### I 類型: 1.**單一技(藝)術 觀念傳遞分享** ex. DBN workshop ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BkNpIGzIee.png) 真鍋大度 Body Hack工作坊 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SJcztGfUex.png) 工作坊方法學 an INTERZONE party ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HJz0BtfGUgg.png) 2.**動腦創意** ex.明和電機創意工作坊 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/S1hnKGMLel.png) 3.**跨域共創** ex.playaround ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BJMW5zGIxl.png) 4.**無厘頭隨機玩耍** ex. One Day Project ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/S1ytoMGUex.png) ex.焊海灘 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Hk6cjGf8ex.png) 5.**商業營收** ex.Lamp001 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/r17AoMfLge.png) ex.TURNTABLE ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rydl2MzUeg.png) 6.**公民參與/社會運動** ex.白傘計畫 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rJlN3zGUle.png) ex.《死纏爛打民主機》 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HkzwnGfIgg.png) 7.**社區營造**'' ex.Urban Invader ex.FOLDME折織 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HknsnGfIel.png) 8.**藝術創造** ex. 文化燉 Culture Stew Workshop 2019-2024 https://www.facebook.com/share/v/1AsUMTV8Qx/ ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BJp0CGzUlx.png) ex. Project Patching AI BIAS & BLOOD FOOD WORKSHOP ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Bku_0fMIee.png) ex. NTT LABX workshop 9.多種複合混搭 ex.playaround ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/S1RfxQGUgl.png) ex.精煉之術 Prototyping Workshop ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rJJAJ7fLgl.png) ex.pixelache --- ### II 架構: 工作坊的形式架構 在一定的時間內(從30分鐘到數年的學習課程都有),在可容納參與人數的某個空間中,由單一或多人主持人或講師主持,或學員們發起的共同感受、創造、遊戲、分享、回饋、紀錄等形式,達成預計的目標。 --- ## 流程 * 起念>籌備>企劃>執行>結束後 起心動念>經費>籌備>企劃>邀約>課程規劃>宣傳招生>報名>報到>課程進行>結束>檢討改進 --- ## I.理念與目標(起心動念) [理念與提問] 1.你為什麼要舉辦工作坊? 2.什麼是好的工作坊? 好與壞!? 模控學/控制論(cybernetics) 混亂/偶然之力(serendipity) 3.誰要的工作坊? 主辦方角度的思維陷阱! [目標] 希望舉辦工作坊的過程、目標或成果是什麼? *不斷詢問自己為什麼要舉辦工作坊? 可以幫助你釐清很多後面不必要的錯誤或是否能達成預定的目標。 --- ## II.籌備 ### II-1 經費 1.乾爹與公部門計畫 3.免費 2.收費 --- ## III.企劃 ### III-1 目標對標 ### III-2.行銷與宣傳 1.宣傳重點 2.文案與設計 - [宣傳與招生] 1.口耳相傳 2.社群媒體 3.活動網站 4.傳統媒體(DM海報、報章、電台、電視) ### III-3.教務 - [主題] 1.講師決定 2.主辦方決定 3.討論結果 - [講師] 國外講師/講師費/食宿交通/所需材料工具 - [幫手] 1.助教 2.翻譯/口譯 ### III-4.學務 - [學員] 1.參與者的資訊與條件。 2.篩選模式。 - [工具] 1.一般工具 2.大型/小型機具 3.特殊工具 4.護具(手套、護目鏡、工作鞋) 5.課桌椅(尺寸與數量) 6.投影機/麥克風/擴音系統 - [法律與安全] 1.用電 2.高溫(明火/焊接) 3.危險器具與護套 4.區域法律(酒精/藥物/性/社會秩序) 5.著作權 - [空間與地點] 1.適合空間 2.技術條件 3.交通條件 4.環境條件(吃喝住) 5.租金 6.復原與清潔 - [時間] 完美的時段與時間規劃 1.平日與假日 2.長時間 3.開始與結束 - [收費] 1.免費的議題(天下白吃的午餐) 2.損益計算 - [文件] 1.課程文件(前置作業,分享準備/課程使用) 2.工作手冊 3.問卷調查 --- ## IV.執行 [工作坊起手式] 遊戲 目的:認識彼此(講師與學員關係建構)的遊戲 1.魚的記憶(找回自己的名字) 遊戲方法:A與B彼此握手,名字互換,A變B,B變A,如此繼續與不同的人互換名字,找到自己名字的人即可蹲下,最後留下沒找到名字還站著的人。 可以操作多次,讓學員彼此認識熟悉。 閒聊 工作坊未開始前的私下認識暖身。 貼紙工具 協助主辦方、講師與學員間容易記住彼此。適合遊戲之後,或不舉辦遊戲,報到時,發貼紙,請講師、助教、學員、工作人員貼上貼紙。 姓名吊牌也是類似的工具。 * 工作坊報名前的表單設計都能幫助你(主辦方),理解參與者的基本資料、動機、期待等條件。 * 報名表格參考 --- - [過程紀錄] 1.文字紀錄(課程紀錄/筆記/心得) 2.圖像紀錄(手繪/ 3.影像紀錄(隨手拍攝/攝影團隊>前製溝通) 4.聲音記錄 5.直播 ## IV.結束後 - [成果] 1.學員的學習回饋 2.整體成果 3.核對原先的理念目標 - [檢討] 舉辦過後的檢討與紀錄,準備更好的下一次! 1.整體參與的真實回饋。 2.所有執行瑕疵統計。 3.良好成果紀錄。 4.預算盈虧。 5.改進計畫。 6.學員與社群的經營。 7.延伸執行事項。 --- * 舉辦”工作坊方法學“工作坊 - ”工作坊方法學“工作坊 I - 時間:2017 - 地點:空總 科藝實驗製造所 - [影像紀錄](https://www.facebook.com/pg/AND.Taiwan/photos/?tab=album&album_id=1517310301685035) - ”工作坊方法學“工作坊 II - 時間:2018 - 地點:台灣大學創新設計學院 - [影像紀錄](https://www.facebook.com/pg/labdptw/photos/?tab=album&album_id=1969977609743090) --- 相關書籍參考

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