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    # 1. Verilog 設計方法 [參考網址:Verilog 中文詳細教程](https://www.runoob.com/w3cnote/verilog-tutorial.html) ###### tags: `verilog` `IC 設計` --- Verilog 設計多采用自上而下的設計方法(top-down)。即先定義頂層模塊功能,進而分析要構成頂層模塊的必要子模塊;然後進一步對各個模塊進行分解、設計,直到到達無法進一步分解的底層功能塊。這樣,可以把一個較大的系統,細化成多個小系統,從時間、工作量上分配給更多的人員去設計,從而提高了設計速度,縮短了開發週期。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/zb9pPOp.png) ## A. 設計流程 ![](https://i.imgur.com/n3mAjJz.png) Verilog 的設計流程,一般包括以下 8 個步驟: #### 1.需求分析 工作人員需要對用戶提出的功能要求進行分析理解,做出電路系統的整體規劃,形成詳細的技術指標,確定初步方案。例如,要設計一個電子屏,需要考慮供電方式、工作頻率、產品體積、成本、功耗等,電路實現採用 ASIC 還是選用 FPGA/CPLD 器件等。 #### 2.功能劃分 正確地分析了用戶的電路需求後,就可以進行邏輯功能的總體設計,設計整個電路的功能、接口和總體結構,考慮功能模塊的劃分和設計思路,各子模塊的接口和時序(包括接口時序和內部信號的時序)等,向項目組成員合理分配子模塊設計任務。 #### 3.HDL描述 可以用任意的文本編輯器,也可以用專用的 HDL 編輯環境,對所需求的數字電路進行設計建模,保存為 .v 文件。 #### 4.功能仿真(前仿真) 對HDL文件進行編譯,對模型電路進行功能上的仿真驗證,查找設計的錯誤並修正。 此時的仿真驗證並沒有考慮到信號的延遲等一些 timing 因素,只是驗證邏輯上的正確性。 #### 5.邏輯綜合(synthesize) 就是在標准單元庫和特定的設計XDC約束的基礎上,將設計的高層次描述(Verilog 建模)轉換為門級網表的過程。邏輯綜合的目的是產生物理電路門級結構,並在邏輯、時序上進行一定程度的優化,尋求邏輯、面積、功耗的平衡,增強電路的可測試性。 但不是所有的 Verilog 語句都是可以綜合成邏輯單元的,例如時延語句。 #### 6.佈局佈線 根據邏輯綜合出的網表與約束文件,利用廠家提供的各種基本標准單元庫,對門級電路進行佈局佈線。至此,已經將 Verilog 設計的數字電路,設計成由標准單元庫組成的數字電路。 #### 7.時序仿真(後彷真) 佈局佈線後,電路模型中已經包含了時延信息。利用在佈局佈線中獲得的精確參數,用仿真軟件驗證電路的時序。單元器件的不同、佈局佈線方案都會給電路的時序造成影響,嚴重時會出現錯誤。出錯後可能就需要重新修改 RTL(寄存器傳輸級描述,即 Verilog 初版描述),重複後面的步驟。這樣的過程可能反復多次,直至錯誤完全排除。 #### 8.FPGA/CPLD 下載或 ASIC 製造生產 完成上面所有步驟後,就可以通過開發工具將設計的數字電路目標文件下載到 FPGA/CPLD 芯片中,然後在電路板上進行調試、驗證。 如果要在 ASIC 上實現,則需要製造芯片。一般芯片製造時,也需要先在FPGA上進行邏輯功能的驗證。

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