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    # 在瀏覽器運行 ES 模組|筆記 by Sz ###### tags: `Sz` `課前` `Vue新手夏令營` - [Vue 新手夏令營 課程頁面](https://hackmd.io/@dbFY0UD9SUeKmNXhWf01ew/BkJoW-hn_/%2FC05go-8iTSS-nrMwKU22kA) - [:sun_with_face:筆記入口](/2JiZbCPdR0G4p5fNycPmTg) ## 為何模組化 強大的功能固然好,但大部分時候我們不需要一次擁有那麼多 通常我們只會買我們需要的東西,不會把整家店包下來 ## 講古 1. 早期:JS 多半不大,瀏覽器可以輕鬆運行 2. 演進:JS 隨著進化越來越大,有了將程式碼輕巧化的需求 3. 先是框架:框架開始支援編譯模組化 4. 現在:大多已支援原生環境(瀏覽器)運行了 ## 如何在原生環境下運行 ```htmlembedded= <script type="module"></script> ``` ## 匯出 匯入前要先匯出,原則上都是在 JS 上進行 ### 預設匯出:defaultExport.js 常見的匯出方式,通常用於匯出物件,在 Vue 開發中可用來匯出元件 - 只能匯出一個 ```javascript= export default ``` ### 具名匯出:namedExport.js 可用於匯出已定義的變數、物件、函式,專案開發中通常用於 “方法匯出” 第三方的框架、函式、套件很常使用具名定義 “方法” - 可以匯出多個 ``` javascript= export const XXX = ... // 多個,具名 ``` ## 匯入 在 HTML, JS 匯入都有 ### 預設匯入 因為本身沒有名稱,要自訂 ```javascript= import 自訂名稱 from .. ``` ### 具名匯入 ```javascript= import {具名名稱} from .. ``` ## 實例 ### 預設匯出匯入 預設匯出,建立一個 export.js 檔 ```javascript= export default {某個元件內容} // 不包含該元件的名稱 ``` 預設匯入 ```htmlembedded= <script type="module"> import newComponent from 'export.js'; newComponent.init(); </script> ``` ### 具名匯出匯入 建立一個 export2.js 檔 ```htmlembedded= export const a = 1; export function b() { .. }.. ``` #### 單一匯入(建議) ```htmlembedded= <script type="module"> import { a, b } from 'export2.js'; console.log(a); b(); </script> ``` #### 全部匯入(不建議,較難除錯) ```htmlembedded <script type="module"> // 避免名稱的衝突,會賦予在一個物件(all)上面 import * as all from 'export2.js'; console.log(all.a); all.b(); </script> ```

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